Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0018799 (heart disease)
 34,133 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Experimental and clinical experience with compounds containing antimony have shown that the trivalent compounds are generally more toxic than the pentavalent ones. APT can cause severe pain and tissue necrosis and is therefore not given by intramuscular or subcutaneous injection. APT has the actions and uses of AST, but it is less soluble and more irritating than the sodium salt which is therefore more suitable for intravenous use. Trivalent antimony compounds are toxic when used topically. Adverse effects are similar for all trivalent compounds, and include nausea, vomiting, weakness and myalgia, abdominal colic, diarrhoea, and skin rashes, including pustular eruptions. Hypersensitivity reactions also occur. Respiratory symptoms include cough, dyspnoea, and chronic lung changes. Cardiotoxicity is the most important and may produce arrhythmias, myocardial depression and damage, Stokes-Adams attacks, heart failure, and cardiac arrest. Hepatic damage and necrosis, as well as blood dyscrasias, may occur. Toxic effects on the kidney may follow chronic use. Continuous treatment with small doses of antimony may give rise to symptoms of subacute poisoning, similar to those of chronic arsenic poisoning, due to accumulation of antimony in the body, especially if trivalent compounds are used, because of their long biological half-lives. Reproductive disorders and chromosome damage have been reported; antimony compounds are, therefore, potentially toxic to reproduction and have mutagenic, and oncogenic potential. Antimony compounds should, therefore, not be used during pregnancy or in the presence of hepatic, renal, or heart disease. Pentavalent antimony preparations especially the organic compounds, together with non-metallic synthetic preparations, such as the diamidines, have now replaced APT for use in leishmaniasis. Because of the toxicity of antimony compounds, investigations have been undertaken to reduce their adverse effects by combining them with chelating agents. These preparations appear to have reduced the toxic effects of antimony without affecting the efficacy of the preparations. Liposome-encapsulated antimony products have, more recently, been shown to be much less toxic because of the reduced dose of the antimony compound required for effective therapy. The historical uses of antimony were based on the belief that the topical and systemic adverse effects, for example, skin eruptions and diarrhoea and vomiting, were signs that the condition being treated was responding by being brought to the surface to relieve congestion at the diseased area. There is no evidence in topical use, but there is evidence that such use can cause severe reactions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Toxicity of antimony and its compounds. 330 36

We examined specimens from explanted human hearts by two-dimensional electrophoresis. The protocol selected includes: (a) solubilization of the sample in a urea-detergent mix; (b) charge fractionation in the presence of urea and nonionic detergent on a pH 4-10 immobilized pH gradient; (c) size fractionation on a polyacrylamide concentration gradient in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate; and (d) staining with silver nitrate. The method is sensitive enough for analysis of biopsies in the 1-3 mg range (wet tissue). We saw, for explanted hearts, variations in the protein pattern with the site of sample dissection. Results are presented for 11 explanted human hearts: one control organ and 10 pathological samples. The recorded pathologies included dilatative cardiomyopathy (six cases), valvulopathy (one case), ischemic cardiopathy (two cases), and graft rejection (one case). The patterns for whole extracts as well as for cytoplasmic proteins and myofibril components are compared. Extensive individual variability was observed both between control and pathological cases and among the abnormal samples.
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PMID:An examination of heart proteins by two-dimensional electrophoresis. 331 3

For 13 weeks, 20 men (aged 23 to 56), 19 premenopausal (aged 21 to 48), and 14 postmenopausal women (aged 49 to 65) consumed a 7-day rotation menu conforming to dietary recommendations of several research and health organizations. The diets were designed to make minimal changes in the standard American diet by the use of well-accepted normal foods. The average daily composition of the diet was 50% carbohydrate (complex 35%, simple 15%), 35% fat (P:S 0.7), and 15% protein; it contained 100 mg cholesterol, 1 gm sodium, and 14.5 gm neutral detergent fiber per 1,000 kcal. The acceptability of the menus was examined through questionnaires administered after the experimental diet period. Subjects rated the menus and individual foods and made recommendations for improvement of the menus. Most subjects (33 of 41 responding) rated the menu better than or almost as good as their usual diet. Few (9) were ever hungry during the 13-week period. During the study, a number of biochemical parameters were measured; the measurements indicated beneficial results. Blood pressure, cholesterol levels, and glucose responses were all improved after consumption of the menu. The results indicate that with minimal changes in the normal U.S. diet, acceptable menus that have beneficial effects on risk factors for heart disease and diabetes can be developed.
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PMID:Acceptability of a 7-day higher-carbohydrate, lower-fat menu: the Beltsville Diet study. 333 2

Parenteral magnesium has been used for several decades in the empiric treatment of various arrhythmias, but the data on its electrophysiologic effects in man are limited. We evaluated the electrophysiologic effects of magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) administration in eight normomagnesemic patients with normal mononuclear cell magnesium content, who had no clinically significant heart disease and had normal baseline electrophysiologic properties. After administration of intravenous MgSO4, serum magnesium rose significantly from 1.9 +/- 0.1 to 4.4 +/- 1.7 mg/dl (p less than 0.02). During a maintenance magnesium infusion, we observed significant prolongation of the ECG PR interval (145 +/- 18 to 155 +/- 26 msec, p less than 0.05), AH interval (77 +/- 27 to 83 +/- 26 msec, p less than 0.002), antegrade atrioventricular (AV) nodal effective refractory period (278 +/- 67 to 293 +/- 67 msec, p less than 0.05), and sinoatrial conduction time (60 +/- 34 to 76 +/- 32 msec, p less than 0.02). No significant effect was observed on sinus cycle length, sinus node recovery time, intra-atrial or intraventricular conduction times, QRS duration (during both sinus rhythm and ventricular pacing), QT interval, HV interval, paced cycle length resulting in AV nodal Wenckebach block, AV nodal functional refractory period, retrograde ventriculoatrial (VA) effective refractory period, or atrial and ventricular refractory periods. These findings, in conjunction with the demonstrated ability of magnesium to block slow channels for sodium movement, may provide an explanation of the mechanism by which magnesium exerts its effect in the treatment of atrial and junctional arrhythmias.
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PMID:Electrophysiologic effects of intravenous magnesium in patients with normal conduction systems and no clinical evidence of significant cardiac disease. 334 Nov 71

The sodium and potassium concentrations of the red blood cells and plasma were investigated in 93 children with cardiac disease, most of them with congenital heart defect, and in 48 healthy children of the same age. The red blood cell sodium and potassium concentrations were constant within a narrow range in normal subjects, but varied profoundly in pathological conditions. Digitalis treatment caused RBC Na+ and plasma K+ levels to increase and the RBC K+ level to decrease by blocking the Na+-K+ pump. The highest RBC Na+ concentration was observed in critically ill patients with congestive heart failure treated with digoxin. An augmented RBC sodium value was found in heart malformations with left to right shunt and in congestive cardiomyopathy that was not treated, whereas in patients with right to left shunt lower RBC sodium, higher RBC potassium and plasma potassium values were registered without any treatment. In cases of hyperkinetic circulation without any congenital heart defect the value of RBC sodium was definitely low. A low sodium and a high potassium level of the RBC were found after total correcting heart surgery. It is concluded that measurement of changes in sodium and potassium concentrations of the red blood cells is not a reliable method for assessment of the efficacy of digitalis treatment. The results point to the accompanying phenomena at a cellular level in heart disease.
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PMID:Sodium and potassium concentrations in red blood cells and plasma in children with congenital heart defect. 342 57

In addition to radionuclide ventriculography and thallium scintigraphy, already well established in nuclear medicine, assessment of myocardial metabolism is also of interest for diagnosis and follow-up observations in heart disease. Under aerobic conditions and in the fasting state, the heart muscle primarily oxidizes fatty acids; during ischemia, in contrast, there is slowing of fatty acid turnover and increased anaerobic glycolysis. With 11C-palmitic acid, in humans, reduced fatty acid uptake has been documented in infarcted myocardial regions. The analysis of 11C-palmitic acid in dogs showed a three-phased elimination curve in normal myocardium. In ischemic myocardium, there was diminished utilization of free fatty acids and the glucose utilization was concomitantly increased. After insulin-glucose infusion, as well, there was increased glucose utilization and a reduction in fatty acid utilization. Studies with 11C-palmitic acid require the equipment for positron emission tomography (PET); because of the short half-life of 20.3 minutes, the nuclide must be generated by a cyclotron in the immediate vicinity. In the search for well-suited isotopes for use in planar scintigraphy employing a gamma camera, the uptake and elimination of a variety of isotopically-marked fatty acids were measured and compared with the characteristics of 14C-palmitic acid. For 17-123I-heptadecanic acid (IHA) the elimination curve was similar to that of 14C-palmitate: disadvantage, however, was the relatively high percentage of water soluble marked catabolites which required dual parameter analysis by means of 99-m-technetium pertechnetate or 123I sodium iodide to quantify the amount of myocardial fatty acid utilization through subtraction of the externally measured water soluble catabolite from the externally measured total activity. In studies with the gamma camera in fasting patients in whom 2 to 3 mCi IHA was injected intravenously after symptom limited bicycle ergometry, in healthy subjects the elimination halftime for the first rapid phase was 24.4 +/- 4.7 minutes. Patients with angiographically-documented coronary artery disease, in the afflicted myocardial segments, had diminished fatty acid uptake and prolonged elimination halftime as compared with normally perfused segments. In patients with dilated cardiomyopathy there was an inhomogeneous distribution of activity in the myocardium and, in contrast to coronary artery disease, a discordance between local fatty acid uptake and turnover rate. After chronic and acute alcohol consumption there were comparable findings which were shown to be reversible after several weeks of abstinence.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:[Planar scintigraphy versus PET in measuring fatty acid metabolism of the heart]. 349 62

A quasi steady-state noninvasive, radioisotopic technique for measuring regional lung water distribution in man is described. The method depends upon the dilution principle. 123I labelled human serum albumin (HSA) and sodium iodide (NaI) were injected intravenously, allowed to mix completely within the body fluids and then counted externally over the chest. The size of each compartment to which the markers are confined was calculated from the external count rate and the isotopic concentration of the marker in plasma. 123I-HSA was used to estimate intravascular water and 123I-NaI extracellular water. Ratio analysis of the differential attenuation of the two photoenergies of 123Iodine (29 keV, 159 keV) by the lung and chest wall was used to estimate the absolute amount of isotope in the lung, independent of chest wall contribution, after validation by phantom studies. Regional pulmonary plasma (PPVr) and interstitial (PIVr) fluid volumes in normal subjects were 7.1 +/- 1.4 and 7.6 +/- 1.3 ml.100 cm-3 lung (mean +/- SD; n = 13) at mid-tidal volume, respectively. In patients with the adult respiratory distress syndrome, PPVr and PIVr were 7.0 +/- 2.9 and 15.9 +/- 4.6 ml.100 cm-3 lung (n = 18), respectively. The pulmonary artery wedge (Paw) pressure was normal (12.5 +/- 2.5 mmHg; n = 5). In patients with pulmonary oedema due to left heart disease, PPVr and PIVr were 7.2 +/- 2.7 and 12.1 +/- 3.7 ml.100 cm-3 lung (n = 8), respectively. The mean Paw pressure in this group was high (28.5 +/- 3.9 mmHg).
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PMID:Noninvasive measurement of regional lung water distribution in healthy man and in pulmonary oedema. 369 23

Within a community-wide heart disease prevention effort, it was hypothesized that personalized risk factor screening and education would result in modified health behaviors and reduced risk factor levels for coronary heart disease. Adults from a population sample were randomized to a community-wide screening and education program or were excluded from that program for 1 year. At the end of that year, both groups were measured for risk factor levels and related health behaviors. Those who received the screening and education program had significantly lower risk factor levels and other evidence of health behavior change, including lower blood cholesterol (206.9 vs 211.5 mg/dl), lower diastolic blood pressure (68.7 vs 70.0 mm Hg), lower resting heart rate (71.4 vs 72.7 bpm), and increased selection of low-fat and low-sodium meals in local restaurants. These data suggest that systematic risk factor screening and education may result in lower population risk for coronary heart disease.
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PMID:Systematic risk factor screening and education: a community-wide approach to prevention of coronary heart disease. 379 97

Chronic cigarette use is common in persons who habitually use other cardioactive agents that have been causally associated with heart disease. This study was undertaken to determine if cigarette use intensifies the abnormalities of myocardial function and composition observed in experimental alcoholism over an 18-month period. Young adult male beagles with tracheostomy were divided into four groups. There were 10 controls (group 1); 9 smoked seven cigarettes per day (group 2); 7 were fed ethanol as 20% of calories (group 3), and 6 received both ethanol and cigarettes (group 4). After a period of 18 months, left ventricular function was assessed under anesthesia. Heart rate, left ventricular end-diastolic pressures, and volumes (indicator dilution) did not differ in the four groups. An index of contractility derived by normalizing peak dP/dt for pre- and afterload was reduced significantly below the level of 2.41 +/- 0.7 cm/s in controls to 1.41 +/- 0.35 in group 2, 1.19 +/- 0.38 in group 3, and 1.28 +/- 0.17 in the ethanol cigarette group (each p less than 0.002). Arterial pressures were moderately elevated above group 1 in all three experimental groups without evidence of left ventricular hypertrophy. In contrast to smoking, which elicited no abnormalities of myocardial cation composition, ethanol reduced myocardial potassium and sodium in group 3 without a gain of water content. In group 4, no further decline of tissue cations was observed. Thus, cigarette use when combined with ethanol over a relatively long period produced no greater myocardial abnormalities than ethanol alone and may not be essential to the genesis of cardiomyopathy in alcoholics.
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PMID:Interaction of chronic cigarette and ethanol use on myocardium. 397 84

Three patients with dystrophia myotonica and echocardiographic signs of subclinical cardiopathy had cardiac side effects during oral treatment with phenytoin sodium or carbamazepine. These side effects were dose related: ventricular tachycardia appeared at a toxic serum phenytoin level in one patient and disappeared as the concentration fell within the therapeutic range, and atrioventricular block grade 1 developed in two patients at low serum carbamazepine levels, its severity increasing with the drug level. Given the risk of dangerous side effects, cardiac status needs to be carefully assessed before administration of phenytoin or carbamazepine in the treatment of dystrophia myotonica.
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PMID:Cardiac side effects of phenytoin and carbamazepine. A dose-related phenomenon? 405 36


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