Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0018799 (heart disease)
 34,133 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Twenty-three Japanese patients with beriberi heart disease, 17 of them teenagers, were studied. The recent tendency for teenagers to take excessive sweet carbonated soft drinks, instant noodles and powermill-polished rice readily induces relative thiamine deficiency. A sudden increase in thiamine requirements due to strenuous exercise can result in overt beriberi heart disease. Alcohol had nothing to do with the development of the disease. Characteristic features commonly seen in teenage patients include peripheral edema, low peripheral vascular resistance, increased venous pressure enlarged heart, T wave abnormalities, hyperkinetic circulatory state and increased circulating blood volume. Thiamine deficiency was confirmed by a decrease in blood thiamine concentration, a decrease in erythrocyte transketolase activity and an increase in thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP) effect. Improvement was rapidly achieved with thiamine administration, balanced nutrition and rest, especially in the teenage patients. Increased circulating blood volume was useful in differentiating beriberi heart disease from hyperthyroidism.
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PMID:Reappearance of beriberi heart disease in Japan. A study of 23 cases. 741 85

Dietary fat intake has been associated with the development of chronic diseases, including heart disease and cancer, in human populations; however, associations demonstrated between disease and fat intake may be confounded by related dietary factors. Therefore, description of the correlates of fat intake in free-living adults may help identify important confounders independent of disease status. In a population of 863 women and 538 men between the ages of 50 and 85 randomly selected from two counties in western New York, we found that most nutrients were correlated with grams of total fat intake including protein, carbohydrates, cholesterol, dietary fiber, retinol, iron, and calcium. Carbohydrates and dietary fiber were not related to the concentration of fat in the diet (% of energy from fat). Alcohol intake was negatively associated with fat concentration for men but not for women. Particularly important for the study of cancers, the antioxidants carotene and ascorbic acid were negatively associated with fat concentration in the diet.
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PMID:Dietary correlates of fat intake. 764 85

Heart disease is an entity frequently seen in the fetal alcohol syndrome. This paper describes the effect of in utero ethanol exposure on the postnatal ultrastructural development of rat cardiac muscle. To determine this time-pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were fed either a nutritionally balanced protein- and vitamin-enriched liquid ethanol diet (with 36% of the calories derived from ethanol) or a liquid diet with maltose-dextrins isocalorically substituted for ethanol. The latter group was designated the pairfed control group. At birth, pups of both the groups were surrogate-fostered by normal dams. Body weights and crown-rump lengths were significantly less in the rat pups exposed to ethanol in utero at 21 days postnatal. Ultrastructural analysis of the cardiac muscle was performed at 7, 14, and 21 days postnatal in ethanol and pairfed groups. Several morphological features of myocyte damage were observed in ethanol-exposed pups, predominantly at 7 days postnatal, with nearly total absence of myocyte damage by 21 days postnatal. The most outstanding changes were observed in the myofibrils, which showed dysplastic changes at 7 days postnatal, a delay in M-band structural development at 14 days postnatal, and a significantly smaller myofibril volume density per tissue volume at 21 days postnatal in the ethanol rat pups compared to the pairfed controls.
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PMID:Fetal alcohol effects on the postnatal development of the rat myocardium: an ultrastructural and morphometric analysis. 795 76

Alcohol affects the heart and circulation in several ways. Chronic alcohol consumption can be associated with a variety of cardiovascular disorders, ranging from hypertension and stroke to heart failure and sudden death. At the same time an inverse correlation has been found between moderate drinking and incidence of coronary artery disease, perhaps due to its favourable effects on lipoprotein levels. Reports on acute effects of alcohol on coronary circulation, which may be of great significance in patients with pre-existing heart disease, have been contradictory. However, clinical studies have demonstrated an adverse effect of acute alcohol intake in low to moderate doses on coronary supply-demand relation in patients with angina pectoris. Considering the overall health hazard of alcohol consumption, a recommendation that patients increase their alcohol intake or that they start to drink if they do not already would probably be unjustifiable.
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PMID:Alcohol and coronary artery disease. 804 61

Clinical observations over the past two decades have pointed to the relationship between heart disease and alcohol abuse, usually without evident malnutrition or cirrhosis. While the prevalence of heart failure in the alcoholic population is now known, subclinical abnormalities of left ventricular function in noncardiac alcoholics who were normotensive have a high prevalence with or without some degree of ventricular hypertrophy by echocardiogram. This is frequently a diastolic rather than systolic abnormality. Congestive cardiomyopathy is not infrequently associated with high diastolic arterial blood pressures. Intoxication itself may contribute to blood pressure elevation. Angina pectoris in the absence of significant coronary disease is another presentation. Although the history may not be readily obtained, the major diagnostic feature in this entity is the history of ethanol ingestion in intoxicating amounts for at least 10 years, often marked by periods of spree drinking. While the course of congestive cardiomyopathy may be progressively downhill in individuals who continue to be actively alcoholic after the onset of heart failure, in one series one third of the patients became abstinent. These patients had a 4 year mortality that was persistently one-sixth of the alcoholic group. Management of heart failure is traditional in these patients. Atrial arrhythmias have been shown to occur during the early ethanol withdrawal phase in patients without other clinical evidence of heart disease. Sudden death in a segment of the alcoholic population is considered arrhythmia related and is commonly associated with cigarette use. Identification of the addicted individual is the essential element to management.
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PMID:Alcoholic cardiomyopathy. 808 32

Left ventricular (LV) dysfunction is a frequent finding in chronic alcoholic subjects. LV function's relation to alcohol use in the general population, where low and moderate consumption predominate, was studied in this work. A random sample of 120 people born in 1954 was invited to participate in the study, and 93 (42 men and 51 women) enrolled. Ethanol use was studied by 2-month daily recording of all alcoholic drinks; smoking and physical activity were quantified likewise, and salt intake by 7-day food records. Subsequently, subjects underwent an LV examination by M-mode echocardiography, and a transmitral flow velocity study by pulsed Doppler ultrasound. The relations of LV measurements to alcohol use were studied by multiple linear regression adjusting for sex, body size, blood pressure, heart rate, smoking, physical activity and dietary salt intake. No subject had clinical heart disease. The average daily ethanol consumption ranged from 0 to 1.2 g/kg of body weight (median 0.2). Statistically significant associations with square-root daily ethanol use were found for LV end-systolic diameter (regression coefficient [b] +/- SE 4.0 +/- 1.5 mm/square root of g/kg; p < 0.01), fractional shortening (b = -3.9 +/- 1.8%/square root of g/kg; p < 0.05), peak early transmitral velocity (b = -8.9 +/- 3.5 cm/s/square root of g/kg; p < 0.05), and peak atrial transmitral velocity (b = -4.9 +/- 1.9 cm/s/square root of g/kg; p < 0.05). No interactions with sex were observed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Relation of left ventricular function to habitual alcohol consumption. 825 37

The objective of study was (a) to investigate whether protein synthesis in different regions of the heart (i.e. left and right atria, left and right ventricles) expressed equal sensitivity to acute ethanol dosage, and (b) to ascertain whether concomitant cardiac abnormalities (i.e. experimental hypertrophic heart disease) exacerbated these responses. Acute ethanol dosage (75 mmol/kg body weight, i.p.) to mature male Wistar rats reduced the fractional rate of protein synthesis (ks, %/day) in all regions (atria and ventricles) of the normal and overloaded (30 days aortic constricted) hearts. The responses in ks were variable. In normal heart, the atrial tissues showed a slightly greater decrease in ks (approx. -30%) when compared to the ventricular regions (approx -20%). The most pronounced effects occurred in the hypertrophied left ventricular tissues where the depressive effects of ethanol on the rate of protein synthesis were potentiated in the presence of hypertrophy (ks reduced by approx 40%). Other regions of the overloaded heart did not show additional sensitivity to the effects of ethanol on protein synthesis in the presence of chronic hypertension. In conclusion, the deleterious effects of ethanol on the left ventricle are additive in the presence of chronic hypertrophy. These results may have important implications for other cardiac abnormalities where there is also concomitant ethanol exposure.
Alcohol Alcohol 1993 May
PMID:Rates of protein synthesis in different regions of the normotensive and hypertrophied heart in response to acute alcohol toxicity. 835 41

The Caerphilly Prospective Ischaemic Heart Disease (IHD) Study is based on a sample of 2512 men aged 45-59 years when first seen. Nutrient intakes, estimated using a self-administered semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire, are available for 2423 men (96%). Amongst these, 148 major IHD events occurred during the first 5 years of follow-up. Associations were examined between these events and baseline diet. Incident IHD (new events) was negatively associated with total energy intake: men who went on to experience an IHD event had consumed 560 kJ (134 kcal)/d (6%) less at baseline than men who experienced no event (P = 0.01). The relative odds of an IHD event was 1.5 among men in the lowest fifth of energy intake, compared with 1.3, 1.2, 0.9 and 1.0 respectively for the other four fifths (P < 0.05). The difference in energy intake was reflected in lower intakes of every nutrient examined. When expressed as a percentage of total energy, mean intakes of men who experienced an IHD event were virtually identical to those of men who did not. There was some evidence suggesting a positive association between total fat intake and IHD risk, but the trend was not consistent and not statistically significant. There was no association for animal fat. Alcohol consumption was negatively associated with subsequent IHD, but only in men who already had evidence of IHD at baseline (P < 0.05). Dietary fibre, particularly from fruit and vegetables, was 7% lower in men who had an incident IHD event (P < 0.05), but the difference was not independent of total energy. There was a trend of increasing IHD risk with decreasing vitamin C intake, the relative odds of an IHD event being 1.6 among men in the lowest one-fifth of the vitamin C distribution, but this was not statistically significant.
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PMID:Diet and incident ischaemic heart disease: the Caerphilly Study. 838 11

This study, based on data drawn from the responses of 18,323 males and 25,440 females to the 1988 National Health Interview Survey, a nationally representative, multistage probability sample of the United States, attempts to define more precisely the level of drinking at which the relationship between heart disease and alcohol consumption is a protective one. Its attempt at precision derives from (1) using drinking categories that represent various points within the range of moderate drinking (1-6 drinks) defined in the literature as protective; (2) adjusting for underreporting that commonly occurs in population surveys by using consumption at time of heaviest drinking; and (3) controlling for age, body mass, smoking, former drinker, and former smoker status, duration of drinking, and sociodemographic factors. It also examines whether the relationship derived from these levels conforms to the U-shaped curve that demonstrates the protective effect of moderate drinking when abstainers are not used as the reference group. Relative to infrequent drinkers (less than 1 drink per day), men report more heart disease at the level of more than five drinks per day. However, black men also report more heart disease, relative to infrequent drinkers, at the greater than two drinks per day level; and women report more heart disease at the level of more than two drinks per day at the time of their heaviest drinking. Former drinkers of both genders, considered as an independent variable in the regression analysis, were more likely to report having heart disease. Abstainers, light drinkers, and infrequent drinkers were not significantly different in their reports of heart disease. Our results are consistent with studies that suggest protection from heart disease occurs only at lower levels of drinking.
Alcohol Clin Exp Res 1997 Feb
PMID:The relationship between drinking and heart disease morbidity in the United States: results from the National Health Interview Survey. 904 82

ST-segment changes and biochemical signs of myocardial injury, and their relation to sympatho-adrenergic activation and cardiac function, were studied in a case series of 19 alcohol-dependent (DSM-III-R) men undergoing in-hospital treatment for alcohol withdrawal. No patient had any clinically apparent heart disease. Analyses of ST-segment depressions > or = 0.1 mV from 24 h ambulatory electrocardiographic recordings revealed horizontal or downsloping ST-segment depressions in seven of the patients. The serum concentration of creatine kinase (CKMB) the day after admission correlated with the urinary excretion of adrenaline (r = 0.74, P < 0.001) and noradrenaline (r = 0.71, P < 0.001). In the two patients with the highest adrenaline excretion and the highest serum concentrations of CKMB and cardiac troponin T, horizontal ST-segment depressions were detected as well. The left ventricular ejection fraction was > or = 0.65 (range 0.65-0.79) in all of the 17 alcoholic men who were examined by echocardiography. Our study shows that alcohol withdrawal is frequently associated with ST-segment abnormalities in men without impairment of heart function and that sympatho-adrenergic activation during withdrawal seems to influence the release of myocardial enzymes. Alcohol withdrawal should thus be considered a condition in which acute cardiac complications may be expected in susceptible individuals.
Alcohol Alcohol
PMID:ST-segment changes and catecholamine-related myocardial enzyme release during alcohol withdrawal. 910 13


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