Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0018799 (heart disease)
 34,133 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Hypokalaemia in man is associated with an increased incidence of cardiac arrhythmias. Thiazide diuretics cause hypokalaemia in a proportion of otherwise healthy hypertensive patients, and there is a risk that in these patients hypokalaemia induced by diuretics may initiate serious cardiac arrhythmias and even sudden death. The data suggest that such circumstances are rare and a study designed to demonstrate an effect on mortality would need to be larger than any reported or current trial. Diuretic-induced hypokalaemia may account for some of the small differences in mortality from heart disease that have been reported in subgroups of patients from recent trials aimed at the prevention of coronary heart disease or treatment of hypertension. There are several therapeutic regimens by which diuretic-induced hypokalaemia may be detected, treated or prevented. Most physicians already take heed of this problem so that it is no longer a major therapeutic issue.
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PMID:Diuretics, hypokalaemia and arrhythmias in hypertensive patients: still an unresolved problem. 331 28

The novel antihypertensive drugs which have been discovered and developed in the latter half of the 20th century were investigated. Newly discovered or improved drugs are approved by the Ministry of Health and Welfare in Japan, and after then they become available for clinical use. We can follow the progress and trends of various new antihypertensive drugs by recording their years of approval. The four primary useful drugs for the treatment of hypertension were developed were introduced as listed in the following: 1. Antihypertensive diuretics: Thiazide and dihydrothiazide were first approved in 1958, and various related drugs including aldosterone antagonists and loop diuretics followed. 2. beta-Adrenergic-blocking drugs: Propranolol was approved in 1966 for heart diseases and for hypertension in 1970. Thereafter many related drugs were developed. 3. Calcium channel-blocking drugs: Nifedipine was approved, for heart disease in 1974 and for hypertension in 1981, and then many related drugs appeared. 4. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors: Captopril was approved in 1982 and thereafter various related drugs followed. The four categories of these drugs were selected as first choice drugs for the treatment of hypertension in 1988. The development of these excellent useful drugs affected the mortality rates of cerebrovascular diseases (e.g., apoplexy). The mortality curve reaches plateaued in 1963, peaked in 1965, and then declined rapidly. Antihypertensive diuretic drugs stop the rise of mortality, and beta-blocking drugs, Ca-antagonists and ACE-inhibitors promote rapid downward tendency.
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PMID:[Fifty years history of new drugs in Japan: the developments and trends of antihypertensive drugs]. 1164 Feb 8

Several links have been established between sexual dysfunction and heart disease. Indeed, many risk factors for developing sexual dysfunction are shared by coronary artery disease: age, smoking, diabetes, hypertension, and hypercholesterolaemia. It should also be borne in mind that in men several cardiac drugs are responsible for erectile dysfunction (ED). Lastly it should be remembered that treatment of ED may be associated with cardiovascular side-effects. Data from the literature show that men with coronary artery disease, hypertension or diabetes have an up to fourfold higher risk of developing ED than have age-matched controls. Thiazide diuretics and beta-blockers are the most common drugs that produce ED. Current therapies for ED are safe and effective in the large majority of patients with cardiovascular disease. However, the concomitant use of nitrates and sildenafil may be life-threatening, and nitrate therapy is therefore contra-indicated in patients taking sildenafil--and vice versa.
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PMID:[Incidence and treatment of sexual dysfunction in heart disease]. 1240 76

Hypertension and osteoporosis are two major chronic diseases affecting the elderly. A cross-sectional study of 3887 Chinese men (n = 1958) and women (n = 1929) was used to explore the association between angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) use and bone mineral density (BMD). The participants were aged 65 years and above, and were recruited using a combination of private solicitation and public advertising from community centers, housing estates, and the general community in Hong Kong. Demographic, medical, and lifestyle information was obtained from face to face interviews using standardized questionnaire, and physical examination measurements included anthropometry, tibial, and brachial systolic blood pressures, femoral neck, total hip, and lumbar spine BMD. In multiple regression analyses, after adjusting for age, weight, height, thiazide, beta-blocker, calcium channel blocker, statin, corticosteroid, and calcium supplement use, history of diabetes, heart disease, peripheral vascular disease, cigarette smoking, alcohol intake, and physical activity level, ACEI use was associated with higher femoral neck BMD (+0.015 g/cm2, P = 0.035) in women, and higher femoral neck (+0.015 g/cm2, P = 0.017), total hip (+0.016 g/cm2, P = 0.021), and lumbar spine (+0.043 g/cm2, P < 0.001) BMD in men. Thiazide use was associated with higher BMD at all three sites in general, although associations with BMD increase at the total hip (P = 0.07) and femoral neck (P = 0.09) were weak in men. Calcium channel blocker use was only significantly associated with BMD increase at the lumbar spine (P = 0.03) in women, and beta-blocker use did not have significant associations with BMD at any site. This study suggests that in addition to thiazide diuretics ACEI may have possible benefits in treating not only hypertension but also osteoporosis among older Chinese.
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PMID:Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor use is associated with higher bone mineral density in elderly Chinese. 1625 80