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Query: UMLS:C0018799 (heart disease)
 34,133 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Clinical and pathologic changes in 87 patients who could not be resuscitated from an episode of sudden cardiovascular collapse are described and compared with observations from patients in the same community who were successfully resuscitated from ventricular fibrillation. Findings in patients who died suddenly generally did not differ when the patients were groups by electrocardiographic rhythm on arrival of the mobile coronary aid unit. The pathologic changes of acute thrombosis and recent myocardial infarction did not occur with sufficient frequency in the entire group to be considered causally related to the sudden collapse, occurring in 10 and 5 percent of cases, respectively. Although most patients had evidence of obstructive coronary disease and old myocardial infarction, 8 percent had no significant vascular disease, acute thrombosis, myocarditis or valve disease that might be implicated as a factor in sudden death. There was no relation between age and severity of obstructive coronary disease or frequency of old myocardial infarction in patients who died suddenly. Complete atherosclerotic occlusion in one or more coronary vessels occurred in 51 of 87 (59 percent) and old myocardial infarction in 48 of 87 (55 percent). Although the mean age of this autopsy population was similar to that of all patients in the community who have had ventricular fibrillation on arrival of the aid unit, the nonsurvivors had a greater incidence of myocardial infarction and symptomatic heart disease (73 of 87) than did survivors. Comparison of this autopsy group with persons from the community who were resuscitated from ventricular fibrillation and subsequently had coronary angiograms indicates that the severity of coronary stenosis does not distinguish between survivors and nonsurvivors of an episode of ventricular fibrillation and suggests that other factors influence the outcome of an episode of ventricular fibrillation.
Am J Cardiol 1977 May 26
PMID:Pathology of the heart in sudden cardiac death. 87 Nov 13

A case of Prinzmetal angina refractory to classic medical treatment, in which the angina attacks were suppressed with the administration qf reserpine is presented. The possible physiopathologic mecanisms of this entity are reviewed. The possibility of coronary spasm due to an alteration in the regulation of the coronary arterial tone from an autonomic.nervous system illness is established, an abnormal coronary vascular reactivity is also reviewed. It is emphasized that the Prinzmetal angina is an original entity, idfferent from the coronary arteriosclerotic heart disease, which may coexist with it but which cannot be treated in the same way, because its physiopathologic mecanisms are different.
Arch Inst Cardiol Mex
PMID:[Prinzmetal's angina. Response to the treatment with reserpine. Review of its physiopathological mechanisms]. 88 60

Prostaglandin type E1 has been administered on 4 different occasions in a newborn with a ductus-dependent complex congenital cyanotic heart disease. Dramatic improvement of the arterial oxygen concentration followed each prostaglandin infusion. Increased pulmonary circulation and widening of the ductus arteriosus were seen on angiographic examination. Transient flushing of the skin and mild pyrexia were the only complications noted. It is advised that prostaglandin type E1 be used in ductus-dependent heart diseases as an emergency therapy when indicated.
Eur J Cardiol 1977 Jun
PMID:Effect of E1 type prostaglandin on hypoxemia in a cyanotic congenital cardiac malformation. 89 77

A total of 46 patients who survived aortic valve replacement with the present model Smeloff-Cutter prosthesis between 1968 and 1973 were followed up postoperatively. All patients received oral anticoagulant therapy. The average age at implantation was 44 +/- 13 (mean +/- standard deviation) years; 36 patients were male and 10 were female. The valve damage was caused by rheumatic disease in 19 (41 percent), infective endocarditis in 14 (30 percent), congenital heart disease in 7 (15 percent) and other factors in 6 (13 percent). Late death occurred in eight patients (17 percent). All available patients were followed up until December 1976. During the 8 years of follow-up study, seven patients, including four heroin addicts, had postoperative endocarditis (15 percent); five of the seven had cerebral involvement, possibly from septic emboli. Four patients were reoperated on; three had active endocarditis and one had a high transvalve pressure gradient. The mean follow-up time was 4.9 years per patient. Of the 38 living patients, 33 have functional improvement and are still being followed up. Only one patient had a bland embolism to a systemic artery. No ball variance or other types of material failure have been detected. Although the chronic aspects of valve disease remain after prosthetic valve replacement, the Smeloff-Cutter aortic prosthesis deserves strong consideration when selecting a rigid prosthesis for aortic valve replacement.
Am J Cardiol 1977 Sep
PMID:Clinical experience with the Smeloff-Cutter aortic valve prosthesis: an 8-year follow-up study. 90 32

In transposition of the great arteries, a Blalock-Hanlon closed atrial septectomy is performed to improve intracardiac mixing at the atrial level. Although the Blalock-Hanlon septectomy is a common surgical procedure in cyanotic congenital heart disease, it has not been adequately assessed pathologically. In 14 heart specimens from patients (aged 3 days to 19 years) with transposition of the great arteries and Blalock-Hanlon septectomy, the margins of the septectomy, fossa ovalis and atrial septum were identified. The total area of the septum and its defects was calculated using planimetry. The ratio of defect size to atrial septal area was expressed as percent communication, which ranged from 5 to 39 (mean 18) percent in eight specimens with intact limbus of the foramen ovale and 26 to 57 (mean 42) percent in six specimens in which the limbus had been excised. The finding that specimens in which the Blalock-Hanlon defect extended into the fossa ovalis had the largest total communication emphasizes that to obtain optimal bidirectional atrial mixing the surgeon should extend the Blalock-Hanlon procedure across the limbus into the foramen ovale.
Am J Cardiol 1977 Sep
PMID:Atrial defect size after Blalock-Hanlon atrioseptectomy. 90 39

Echocardiography was used to study left ventricular function in 75 infants, children and teenagers without heart disease. Normal values for echocardiographic parameters of left ventricular contractility were obtained and are presented in Tables. Systolic time intervals were measured from aortic cusp echoes and the normal range and correlation to heart rate and age are given. Computer analyses of echocardiograms from the left ventricle and the anterior mitral leaflet were done and normal values for the instantaneous velocities thus derived are given. To test the normal variation of left ventricular function with time 12 children were examined repeatedly during 1 wk. 95% tolerance limits for the variation of the different functional parameters are given. To test the reproducibility of the echocardiographic measurements 11 children with various forms of heart disease were examined consecutively by two different observers and the 95% tolerance limits for the difference between measurements were calculated.
Eur J Cardiol 1977 Oct
PMID:Echocardiographic assessment of left ventricular function. Investigation of infants, children and teenagers without heart disease. 91 87

Contrast techniques were used in the echocardiological evaluation of a 28-yr-old patient with congenital cyanotic heart disease; catheterization showed an association of an atrial septum defect, a ventricular septum defect, and a patent ductus arteriosus, with equalization of pulmonary artery and systemic pressures. Glucose 5% in water, injected as a 10-ml bolus into an antecubital vein, constituted an adequate echogenic contrast solution. The heart was examined with both a single-crystal transducer (echoes recorded in M mode) and with a 51-elements dynamically focuses multiscan system (echoes recorded on video-tape). Contrast echocardiology showed that right-to-left shunting occurred at the level of the ventricular septum defect and was not significant at the atrial level.
Eur J Cardiol 1977 Oct
PMID:Bidimensional real-time echocardiological visualization of a ventricular right-to-left shunt following peripheral vein injection. 91 88

A His electrogram was registered with a Castillo tripolar catheter in seven patients with atrio-ventricular discordance and transposition of the great arteries (corrected transposition). They all had ventricular septal defect, six had pulmonary stenosis. two had atrial septal defect, and only one patient presented first degree AV block. The QRS was of normal duration, 4 had RBBB morphology in the left precordials. Two with ASD and VSD had a prolonged P/A interval. In one, the His recording was polyphasic with a prolonged H-V (55 msec) and two others showed a wide polyphasic His potential (25 and 26msec), with a prolonged H-V. These 3 cases with prolonged His had a minor degree of RBBB. The remaining 3 showed normal AV conduction. In all, the Purkinje electrogram was registered. The duration of the Pu potential and the Pu-V were normal. Corrected transposition shows a high incidence of slow AV conduction, frequently not detectable in the usual electrocardiogram in agreement with previous anatomo-pathological studies. The distal block would explain the frequency of complete AV block with low cardiac output and frequent sudden death in this type of heart disease. The distal block would compel us to take e more agressive steps in its treatment. Atrial septal defect with slowing of the intra-arial conduction is not detected in the electrocardiogram.
Arch Inst Cardiol Mex
PMID:[Study of the heart conduction system in atrioventricular disorders]. 93 45

Diagnostic separation of infants with signs of cardiac failure (hypoglycemia, sepsis, myocarditis, hypoxemia) but no congenital cardiocirculatory malformation from those with a large left to right shunt is crucial in newborn management. Echocardiographic studies of 218 infants and children allowed group separation and distinction from normal by the assessment of mean velocity of circumferential fiber shortening (Vcf) and the ratio of left atrial to aortic root diameter at end-systole (LA/Ao). In normal premature and full-term infants, Vcf (1.51 +/- 0.04 [mean +/- standard error]) was significantly lower than in infants with a large shunt (2.12 +/- 0.08, P less than 0.01) and higher than in infants with nonstructural heart disease (1.18 +/- 0.06, P less than 0.001). LA/Ao ratios were comparable in the groups with a large shunt and nonstructural heart disease (1.14 +/- 0.1 and 1.26 +/- 0.2, respectively) and were significantly higher in both groups than in normal subjects (0.77 +/- 0.01, P less than 0.001). Similar echocardiographic distinctions could be made when 10 older children (aged 2 to 10 years) with cardiomyopathy were compared with 45 normal older children. Serial determination of these variables was of major assistance in patient management.
Am J Cardiol 1976 Jul
PMID:Echocardiographic detection of large left to right shunts and cardiomyopathies in infants and children. 93 2

1. A study was made of 34 cases (33%) of myocardial infarction trans and immediately postoperative which occurred in 11,210 surgical interventions with and without extracorporeal circulation. 2. This presents a statistical relation of the frequency of myocardial infarction in realtion to the heart disease acquired with or without extracorporeal circulation with the mitral, aortic, and double prosthesis of the mitral and aortic valves. A correlation was also made with the ischemic heart disease subjected to revascularization. The same analysis was carried out in the congenital heart disease with or without extracorporeal circulation. 3. In all cases the antecedents, precipitating factors, and the clinical picture were studied and in 12 cases the necropsy was analized. The principal finding was transmural myocardial infarction with electrocardiographic proof and serial enzymes. 4. The group was divided into two sub-groups; Group "A" with acute myocardial infarction transoperative, and Group "B" with acute myocardial infarction in the first eight postoperative days. The electrical and mechanical complications were analized. 5. A correlation was made of the causes of mortality related to the type of congenital or acquired heart disease with or without extracorporeal circulation. 6. The frequency of this entity was studied with the total time of aortic clamping, and the complications such as the low cardiac output syndrome, rupture of the wall, aneurysms, acute pulmonary edema, and with the disturbances of rhythm and conduction. 7. The presence of 33.3% of normal coronaries in these of necropsy was emphasized. 8. The importance of the coronary profile of this group in relation to the consequences of a stress from anesthesia, surgery, extracorporeal circulation, and aortic clamping is mentioned. 9. The diagnostic parameters such as arterial hypotension with or without the low cardiac output syndrome, enzyme levels, and the action of the potassium ion are mentioned. 10. An analysis is made of the possible etiological factors of the precipitation of the myocardial necrosis in the cases with normal coronaries and those in which there was no important obstruction of the coronary macrocirculation. 11. In the subgroup "A" it was found that the frequency of myocardial infarction was less than in the subgroup "B", but there was greater mortality in group "A". The possible causal factors are analized.
Arch Inst Cardiol Mex
PMID:[Trans and postoperative myocardial infarct in heart surgery]. 93 52


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