Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0018799 (heart disease)
 34,133 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Clinical and necropsy findings in 10 dogs with a spontaneous primary hypertrophic cardiomyopathy are described. Each dog had marked cardiac hypertrophy, and 8 dogs had disproportionate thickening of the ventricular septum with respect to the left ventricular free wall (compared with dogs with normal hearts or with cardiac hypertrophy due to acquired or congenital heart disease). Septal:free wall thickness ratios in the 10 dogs ranged from 1.1 to 1.5; 6 had ratios greater than or equal to 1.3. However, marked cardiac muscle cell disorganization in the ventricular septum, characteristic of patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, was present in only 2 of the 10 dogs. Death occurred most commonly while the dogs were under anesthesia during the course of operative procedures (5 dogs) or suddenly and unexpectedly in animals without previous symptomatic manifestations of cardiac disease (3 dogs). Four dogs had clinical signs of congestive heart failure, including 2 with marked cardiac decompensation. In addition, 2 of these 4 dogs with heart failure and 1 dog without previous symptoms (that died during a noncardiac operation) manifested complete heart block. It is conceivable that dogs with spontaneous hypertrophic cardiomyopathy may prove useful in the future investigations of the clinical, hemodynamic, and pathologic features of this disease in humans.
 ...
PMID:Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in the dog. 15 45

Phosphorylase isoenzymes were studied by acrylamide-slab electrophoresis in normal tissues and in the heart of a child with a fatal infantile form of myophosphorylase deficiency. Of the three bands present in normal human heart, two were missing in the patient's heart: the slow "muscle" isoenzyme and the intermediate band. Only the fast "cardiac" isoenzyme remained. When extracts of normal skeletal muscle and the patient's heart were mixed in appropriate conditions, the intermediate band reappeared in the electropherogram. Phosphorylase activity in extracts of the patient's heart was not inhibited by antibodies against purified enzyme from mature human muscle, whereas normal human heart phosphorylase was inhibited by approximately 50%. These results suggest that the intermediate band of human heart phosphorylase is a hybrid of skeletal and cardiac muscle isoenzymes. Retained activity of the cardiac isoenzyme may explain why patients genetically lacking skeletal muscle phosphorylase do not have clinical heart disease.
 ...
PMID:Phosphorylase isoenzymes in normal and myophosphorylase-deficient human heart. 29 91

Necropsy findings in 10 dogs with naturally occurring cardiac disease closely resembled hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in human beings and cats. Each dog had marked cardiac hypertrophy, and 8 dogs had disproportionate thickening of the ventricular septum with respect to the left ventricular free wall (compared with dogs with normal hearts or with cardiac hypertrophy due to acquired or congenital heart disease). Ratios of septum to free wall thickness in the 10 dogs ranged from 1.1 to 1.5, and 6 had ratios greater than or equal to 1.3. Marked cardiac muscle cell disorganization in the ventricular septum, characteristic of human patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, was found in only 2 of the 10 dogs. Death occurred while the dogs were under anesthesia during the course of operative procedures (5 dogs) or unexpectedly in animals without previous manifestations of cardiac disease (3 dogs). Four dogs had clinical signs of congestive heart failure, including 2 with marked cardiac decompensation. Two of these 4 dogs with heart failure and 1 dog that died during unrelated surgery, but without prior signs of heart disease, had electrocardiographic evidence of complete heart block.
 ...
PMID:Canine hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. 42 33

Fifty patients with the following suspected diseases were examined: examined: congenital heart disease (25), rheumatic heart disease (7), infectious-allergic myocarditis (12), fibroelastosis of the endocardium (3), alcoholic cardiomyopathy (2), drug cardiomyopathy (1). Catheterization biopsy of the endo- and myocardium was accomplished with a special bioptome after catheterization of the heart. No complications occurred during or after biopsy. The results of histologic and histochemical examination of the bioptates of the cardiac muscle are discussed. On the basis of the data in the literature and personal experience, it is concluded that biopsy of the endo- and myocardium may be undertaken to specify the etiology and pathogenesis of cardiomyopathy. The method is comparatively safe.
 ...
PMID:[Endomyocardial biopsy in the diagnosis of myocarditis and cardiomyopathies]. 67 90

In order to assess left ventricular function, measurements of left ventricular internal dimension and its rate of change have been made by echocardiography in 7 patients with myotonic dystrophy and the three children of one of them, who were clinically normal but had abnormal muscle biopsies. Electrocardiograms and systolic time intervals were also recorded in all. Only one patient had signs of overt heart disease and an abnormal electrocardiogram (type B WPW). Systolic time intervals were normal in all 7 patients. Five subjects had echocardiographic abnormalities, which were of minor degree except in the patient with overt heart disease who had considerable impairment of both systolic and diastolic left ventricular function. Another patient had abnormalities of both systolic and diastolic function; systolic abnormalities occurred alone in one patient and diastolic abnormalities alone in one relative. It is concluded that patients with myotonic dystrophy and no clinical signs of heart disease may have minor abnormalities of left ventricular function as shown by echocardiography. Echocardiography is more sensitive than systolic time intervals in detecting these abnormalities; both systolic and diastolic function abnormalities, alone or together, can occur. There seems to be no relation between involvement of skeletal and cardiac muscle.
 ...
PMID:Noninvasive assessment of left ventricular function in myotonic muscular dystrophy. 71 66

Using monoclonal antibodies against two different regions of the helical rod part of dystrophin, we have localized dystrophin on both plasma membrane and transverse tubules in cardiac muscle of man and several animal species. The staining persisted after experimental ischaemia, and was observed in long-standing heart disease. No immunostaining was seen at the intercalated discs. In skeletal muscle the same two antibodies stained only the plasma membrane.
 ...
PMID:Myocardial dystrophin immunolocalization at sarcolemma and transverse tubules. 161 40

The hypothesis that diabetes mellitus provokes a specific cardiomyopathy is supported by numerous clinical, epidemiological and anatomopathological studies. However, the frequent association of diabetes mellitus with other conditions, such as hypertension and coronary atherosclerosis, both capable of causing the dysfunction of the cardiac muscle, makes it difficult to interpret many of the data reported in the literature and contributes to the continuing debate regarding the effective existence of diabetic cardiomyopathy and its possible pathogenetic mechanisms. In clinical terms, diabetic cardiomyopathy is manifested both as an altered diastolic and/or systolic phase, assessed using various non-invasive techniques, or as congested cardiac decompensation. The pathogenesis of diabetic cardiomyopathy is still not altogether clear. The alteration of the smallest coronary vessels might be responsible for the increased interstitial fibrosis found in the heart of diabetic patients. In this paper numerous data from the literature on this argument are reported and the authors advance the hypothesis that endothelial dysfunction may play a pathogenetic role in the development of cardiopathy.
 ...
PMID:[Diabetic cardiomyopathy: possible pathogenetic role of coronary microcirculation]. 163 Jun 65

We studied the clinical and pathologic features of 17 cardiac rhabdomyomas from 13 males and four females whose ages ranged from birth to 9 yr (mean, 36 wk). Eleven were multiple, and tumors were found throughout the heart. Four patients had congenital heart disease, and three had tuberous sclerosis; of the ten sporadic cases, four were surgical resections. Three of the four patients with surgical resections survived postoperatively. Two patients presented with sudden cardiac death. Immunohistochemical stains on seven tumor revealed diffuse positivity for myoglobin, actin, desmin, and vimentin, with negative results for S-100 protein, similar to adjacent cardiac muscle. We conclude that cardiac rhabdomyomas can be sporadic, can be associated with tuberous sclerosis, or can be seen with other cardiac malformations. They usually present early in life with a variety of symptoms, including sudden death, and attempts at resection may be successful.
 ...
PMID:Cardiac rhabdomyoma: a clinicopathologic study. 202 Jun 64

The discovery of insulin in 1922 aroused immediate clinical interest in its use in heart disease. In severe heart failure, insulin release is suppressed by the combined effect of poor pancreatic perfusion and by increased sympathetic activity. In these circumstances, myocardial metabolism of glucose may break down through the deficiency of insulin. Because of this, glucose, insulin and potassium solution (GIK solution) has been used in cardiopulmonary resuscitation. However, its mechanism is not yet fully known. This study was designed to determine the effect of insulin on cardiac muscle at various temperatures. The mechanical response of papillary muscle isolated from guinea pig ventricle was observed under various thermal conditions (23-37 degrees C). Twitch tension was increased by the administration of 0.2 I.U./ml insulin under each thermal condition. In all circumstances, the increase in contractile force was noted about 2 min after the administration of insulin. The effect of insulin on 20 preparations demonstrated the mean maximum contractile force was 226% ( +/- 34 S.D., n = 5) in 37 degrees C, 194% ( +/- 36 S.D., n = 5) in 30 degrees C, 190% ( +/- 30 S.D., n = 5) in 27 degrees C and 200% ( +/- 36 S.D., n = 5) in in 23 degrees C. The differences between different temperatures was not significant. The effect of insulin during depression Na-K pump by high concentration of ouabain (g-strophanthin, 10(-5) M) was also observed. Insulin (0.2 I.U./ml) was administered when the papillary muscle showed no response to electrical stimulation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Response of isolated guinea pig myocardium to insulin therapy during normothermia and graded hypothermia. 242 78

Calcium antagonists have emerged as a new class of antiarrhythmic agents for the control of certain supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias. Electrophysiologically, these agents are heterogeneous but their main action is mediated through a depressant effect on the slow calcium channel in cardiac muscle, most readily demonstrated in isolated tissue preparations. In vivo, their actions are modulated by their reflex actions and by their interaction with the autonomic nervous system due to the noncompetitive adrenergic-blocking actions that some of the compounds exhibit. The major agents exerting antiarrhythmic actions are verapamil, diltiazem, gallopamil, tiapamil and bepridil; the dihydropyridines are devoid of electrophysiologic actions in vivo. Calcium antagonists prolong intranodal conduction time, lengthen the effective and functional refractory periods in the atrioventricular node but exert little or no effect on atrial, ventricular, His-Purkinje or bypass tract conduction or refractoriness (except in the case of bepridil, which has additional electrophysiologic properties). These effects form the basis of the clinical antiarrhythmic effects of this class of agents. The most striking action is the predictable and prompt termination of the reentrant supraventricular tachycardia by intravenous verapamil and diltiazem and the slowing of the ventricular response in atrial flutter and fibrillation. These agents may also be of value in the long-term control of ventricular response in atrial flutter and fibrillation; their role in multifocal atrial tachycardia and other ectopic tachycardias is less well defined. Calcium antagonists reverse ischemic ventricular arrhythmias caused by coronary artery spasm but exert little or no action in the usual forms of sustained ventricular tachyarrhythmias associated with severe structural heart disease. They are poor suppressants of ventricular premature complexes. Recent data have established their role in exercise-induced tachycardia occurring in the context of ischemic heart disease; they are also of value in ventricular tachycardia occurring in young patients who develop tachycardia with a right bundle branch block and left axis deviation morphology, an arrhythmia thought to be due to triggered automaticity.
 ...
PMID:Use of calcium antagonists for cardiac arrhythmias. 243 30


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>