Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0018799 (heart disease)
 34,133 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Segmented 2D times-of-flight (TOF) magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) with ECG gating is a suitable adjunct to conventional magnetic resonance tomography. Based on our experience with 106 patients, cardiovascular MRA primarily aids in the diagnosis of congenital heart disease, but is of minor importance for the evaluation of acquired cardiovascular disease, such as aortic aneurysms. Changes in flow dynamics as a result of spin dephasing may render partial signal loss. Due to flow turbulence and resulting signal loss distal to stenoses, difficulties may arise in correctly determining the degree of stenosis and differentiating between partial thrombosis and slowly flowing blood. The most promising approach for optimizing 2D TOF MRA is enhancement of the intravascular signal and suppression of background signal. For the equipment we use with a 0.5 Tesla scanner, the most powerful combination to enhance intravascular signal and suppress back-ground noise was applying a flip angle of 65 degrees and a short inversion prepulse. The influence of the flip angle and prepulse on the intravascular signal varies, dependent on the flow velocities and heart rates. Secondary reconstructions, such as the MIP technique, contribute to better spatial orientation by using rotating projection views. To avoid overprojection artifacts and loss of diagnostic information, 2D single slices should be the primary source of image analysis.
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PMID:[MR angiography of the heart and thoracic blood vessels. Use of rapid ECG-triggered techniques with multiplanar reconstruction capability]. 797 23

Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3)-induced myocarditis in NMRI mice represents a model for studying the pathogenesis of this chronic heart disease. Previously, we reported on specific cytokine patterns during the acute stage of myocarditis since cytokines are thought to play the important role in this cardiomyopathy. In this study, the expression of various cytokine mRNAs and CVB3-RNA kinetics was examined with particular emphasis on the late phase of myocarditis, by using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), in situ hybridization (ISH) and immunohistochemistry (IHC). In addition, replicating and persisting CVB3-RNAs were semiquantified by PCR-ELISA. Distinct histopathological changes responsible for ongoing heart disease were found and characterized by increased fibrosis, persistent cellular infiltration and degenerated necrotic myocytes. One of the most important findings of this study was that the mRNA-expression of TNF- alpha, IL-1 alpha, interferon- gamma, IL-10, IL-18, macrophage inflammatory protein-1 alpha (MIP-1 alpha), transforming growth factor- beta (TGF- beta) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) persisted as long as 98 days after the virus infection. The induction of IL-10 as well as IFN- gamma mRNAs was also verified by ISH and IHC at days 28 and 98 p.i. The clearly apparent persistence of the viral genomes in the myocardium of infected mice was confirmed by seminested PCR, ISH, and PCR-enzyme linked immunoabsorbent assay (ELISA), showing the highest amount of viral RNA in myocardial cells at day 7 after infection. These data indicate that the persistence of viral RNA is associated with persistently high levels of cytokine mRNAs which, when translated, could severely contribute to pathological changes and injury of connective tissue in the chronic stage of myocarditis.
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PMID:Persistent expression of cytokines in the chronic stage of CVB3-induced myocarditis in NMRI mice. 1154 41

Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus is an autoimmune disease characterized by the failure to synthesize or secrete insulin, and diabetics are likely to suffer complications that include kidney and heart disease, as well as loss of sight, angiopathy, tissue hypoxia, reduction in organ blood flow, impaired wound healing, respiratory infections, arteriosclerosis, etc., thus diabetes very closely resembles a state of chronic hypoxia. It is now well recognized that hypoxia is an important environmental stimulus capable of modulating the expression of many genes involved in energy metabolism. The diabetic metabolic stress resulting from impaired energy metabolism, which produce altered production of inflammatory mediators, may increase the risk of oxidative injury. The aim was to investigate whether production of MIP-2 and MCP-1 are implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetes, and if the regulatory effects of these chemokines are affected by hypoxia. Two groups of rats, diabetic and non-diabetic, were kept in normoxic room air conditions or subjected to chronic hypoxia. Expression and production of chemokines were measured by RT-PCR and ELISA assay. In diabetic rats, we found a marked increase of MCP-1 when compared with non-diabetic rats (783.5+/- 49 versus 461.9 +/- 27), while no significant differences were detected for MIP-2 levels. Hypoxia selectively modulated chemokines production, since MCP-1 expression and production was up-regulated in the diabetic groups (783.5+/- 49 versus 461.9+/- 27), but down-regulated MIP-2 expression and production (87.8+/- 23 versus 522.1+/- 72). Our data point to MCP-1 and MIP-2 as important components in the pathophysiology of diabetes, and hypoxia is an important and potent environmental stimulus capable of modulating the expression and production of these chemokines.
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PMID:MCP-1 and MIP-2 expression and production in BB diabetic rat: effect of chronic hypoxia. 1613 91

The 57th Annual Meeting of the Society of Nuclear Medicine, held in Salt Lake City, UT, USA, included topics covering new developments in imaging agents and radiopharmaceutical therapies in the field of nuclear medicine. This conference report highlights selected presentations related to imaging of the brain, the prediction of heart disease, and the detection and treatment of various cancers. Investigational drugs discussed include TF-2 plus [68Ga]IMP-288 and TF-2 plus [111In]IMP-288 (both Immunomedics Inc), [11C]PBR-170 (Royal Prince Alfred Hospital/Australian Nuclear Science & Technology Organization), [11C]LY-2795050 (Eli Lilly & Co), yttrium (90Y) clivatuzumab tetraxetan (Garden State Cancer Center/Immunomedics Inc), [18F]LMI-1195 (Lantheus Medical Imaging Inc), fluciclovine (18F) (GE Healthcare/Nihon Medi-Physics Co Ltd), [99mTc]MIP-1340 and [99mTc]MIP-1407 (both Molecular Insight Pharmaceuticals Inc).
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PMID:Society of Nuclear Medicine--57th annual meeting. 2072 16