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Query: UMLS:C0018799 (heart disease)
 34,133 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In 20 patients with chronic hypoxemia due to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, we measured responses to CO2 and hypoxia in terms of ventilation and P0.1, the pressure generated by the respiratory muscles during the first 0.1 s of inspiratory effort against a closed airway at functional residual capacity. These responses were compared to those of a control group of 17 patients with similar ventilatory abnormality but without hypoxemia. Hypoxemic patients demonstrated significantly less response to hypoxia than did control subjects in terms of both ventilation and P0.1 The decreased hypoxic response might be analogous to that reported in high altitude dwellers and patients with cyanotic congenital heart disease. Ventilatory responses to CO2 were depressed in hypoxemic patients, but P0.1 responses were not significantly decreased. While breathing at rest with arterial O2 saturation of 95 per cent, hypoxemic patients demonstrated the same minute ventilation as control subjects, but tidal volume was smaller, inspiratory duration was shorter, and breathing frequency was slightly higher. This breathing pattern appeared to be independent of whether or not these patients retained CO2.
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PMID:Ventilatory control in patients with hypoxemia due to obstructive lung disease. 3 89

The results of functional pharmacological tests with nitroglycerine and carbon dioxide gas are presented for patients with congenital heart diseases and pulmonary hypertension, as shown during right heart catheterization. It was established that nitroglycerine, taken sublingually, does not produce any direct effect on the pulmonary artery pressure, and the delayed changes in haemodynamics are a consequence of the altered regimen of pressure in the general circulation. When carbon dioxide gas was administered into the pulmonary artery, it proved to produce a direct effect upon the receptors of the pulmonary arterial bed. However, along with the hypotensive effect, in some cases the carbon dioxide gas increases the pressure in the pulmonary artery due to the embologenic effect of the gas bubbles. Both agents affect the arterial pressure irrespective of the patient's age, the nature of the heart disease, and the degree of pulmonary hypertension.
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PMID:[Study of the pulmonary vessel reaction to administration of carbon dioxide and nitroglycerin in congenital heart defects complicated by high pulmonary hypertension]. 40 59

Carbon monoxide levels were measured in twenty-five fires in the city of Los Angeles to obtain information about fire fighters exposure to carbon monoxide. Levels as high as 3,000 ppm were observed for some fires. In general, when carbon monoxide levels were significantly elevated (greater than 100 ppm) the smoke was quite heavy and noxious, but in some cases the smoke was heavy and carbon monoxide levels were minimal. In two-story structures, the highest concentrations of carbon monoxide were found on the second-floor level and were usually still elevated after the fire had been "knocked down" but was still smoldering. These data show that fire fighters are exposed to levels of carbon monoxide which could be a serious health hazard and may be related to the high incidence of heart disease in fire fighters.
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PMID:Carbon monoxide: a hazard to fire fighters. 47 70

Pulmonary diffusive capacity by the carbon monoxide method was evaluated in 43 patients two years after myocardial infarction, and without evidence of other types of heart disease. The patients did not have primary lung disease or clinic bronchitis. Special interest was given to the effects of cigarrette smoking and moderate pulmonary congestion. A significant decrease in diffusion capacity was observed in smokers and former smokers compared to none smokers. In moderate pulmonary congestive the oposite effects was registered. pO2 was decreased in half the patients with old myocardial infarction but there was no significant statistical correlations with D1co values. Mean values for pO2, pCO2, pH, EB did not show statistically valid differences among the subgroups under study. Different factors which may influence the evaluation of diffusion capacity are discussed.
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PMID:[Pulmonary diffusion capacity in patients with previous myocardial infarct (with respect to the influence of smoking and pulmonary congestion)]. 66 42

The indices of P a-A CO2, P A-a O2 and VD/VT were evaluated in a group of children treated with controlled ventilation (IPPV) for: pneumonia, congenital heart disease, respiratory distress syndrome or central nervous system diseases. The P A-a O2 index is regarded as the most useful one, since it enables the possibility to select a F IO2 value for obtaining an optimal P aO2. For calculation of VD/VT according to Bohr's formula during connection of the child to respirator P ECO2 was determined planimetrically from the capnographic curve. P a-A CO2 was recognized as a less useful index and difficult to interpret.
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PMID:Evaluation of P a-A CO2, P A-a O2 and VD/VT measurements during controlled respiration in children. Preliminary communication. 79 76

Seven young to middle-aged patients with Haemophilus parainfluenzae endocarditis are reported. Three patients had underlying heart disease and three patients had recent events predisposing for endocarditis. The clinical presentation was subacute or acute and new pathologic murmurs were uncommon. Diagnosis was prolonged because of difficulties in isolating the organism. Routine subculturing of blood cultures to chocolate agar with incubation in CO2 is recommended. A prominent complication, occurring in six patients, was major arterial occlusion secondary to emboli. Antibiotic control of infection was difficult and best achieved by the concomitant administration of ampicillin and gentamicin. Killing curves proved useful in assessing antibiotic efficacy. There were two medical failures and one death in the series. It appears H. parainfluenzae endocarditis is characterized by distinctive clinical features, difficult in vitro isolation of the organism, and the necessity for combination antibiotic therapy.
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PMID:Haemophilus parainfluenzae infective endocarditis. 84 91

Near maximal stress testing conducted on a group (N = 90) of randomly selected Los Angeles City fire fighters (age 40-59 yrs.) revealed that 10% had ischemic ECG changes. These ischemic ECG responses were confirmed during a second test conducted two to four weeks after the initial test. Coronary heart disease (CHD) risk factor analysis revealed that in general the men were not at high risk for CHD. Six of the nine men elected to undergo cardiac catheterization and angiography. One patient had severe triple vessel disease and subsequently underwent aorto-coronary bypass surgery. Another had 50% obstruction in the circumflex branch of the left coronary while the other four men had no visable signs of coronary obstruction. The men with "normal" coronaries, however, did show signs of abnormal cardiac function during atrial pacing. One man had cardiac enlargement, hypokinesis, ischemic ECG and abnormal lactate metabolism. Another had abnormal lactate metabolism and ischemic ECG. A third man had moderate cardiac enlargement with anterior wall hypokinesis. The fourth had ischemic ECG changes with angina but otherwise normal cardiac function. All four of these men had pressures which were within normal limits. These data show that some fire fighters have "ischemic" heart disease with patent coronary arteries. This disease may be due to job related factors (i.e. carbon monoxide and other noxious fumes, catecholamines, etc.) which reduce myocardial oxygen supply or greatly increase myocardial oxygen demands.
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PMID:"Ischemic" heart disease in fire fighters with normal coronary arteries. 103 66

Growth failure in infants with congenital heart disease was investigated by studies of food intake, change in body weight, oxygen consumption, carbon dioxide production, and lean body mass. Infants with congenital heart disease weighed less initially and gained less weight during observation than normal infants. The daily intake of calories per kilogram body weight was inadequate for some infants and considered generally adequate for others. Lean body mass was normal, and the quantity of oxygen used for metabolism was similar in both groups. Infants with congenital heart disease were not found to be hypermetabolic when oxygen consumption was related to lean body mass. The growth failure seen in these infants appears to be most appropriately related to inadequate calorie intake rather than to any other factor studied.
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PMID:Infants with congenital heart disease. Food intake, body weight, and energy metabolism. 113 Mar 44

Cigarette smoking causes significant exposure to nicotine, which increases heart rate, blood pressure, and thus myocardial oxygen demand, and to carbon monoxide, which decreases the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood because of carboxyhemoglobin formation. Cigarette smoking also predisposes the patient to coronary vasoconstriction. Smoking cessation results in the early elimination of nicotine and carbon monoxide from the system and decreases the risks of ischemia based on these mechanisms. Over the long term, smoking cessation results in elimination of the increased risk of myocardial infarction in patients without previous heart disease as early as 2 years after smoking stops. In addition, for patients with known coronary artery disease, smoking cessation results in an increase in HDL level, which may result in a retardation of atherogenesis and reduced cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. It is important for all physicians to reiterate both the short- and long-term risks of cigarette smoking as well as the good news-that smoking cessation results in a substantial, if not complete, reversal of the risk of myocardial infarction and death, particularly for patients with established coronary artery disease. In light of those established facts, efforts to develop more effective methods to help patients quit smoking must be increased so patients can realize these important health benefits.
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PMID:Cardiovascular benefits of smoking cessation. 134 4

Brain abscess is a serious complication of congenital cyanotic heart disease. We retrospectively evaluated the risk factors for brain abscess in 21 such patients treated between 1975 and 1990 in comparison with a control group. The mean arterial oxygen saturation, arterial partial pressure of O2, arterial blood oxygen content, and base excess in patients with brain abscess were significantly lower than in the control patients. The mean arterial partial pressure of CO2, pH, hematocrit, hemoglobin, and red blood cell content in patients with brain abscess were not significantly different. Patients with congenital cyanotic heart disease may develop minute encephalomalacia due to severe hypoxemia and increased blood viscosity resulting from compensatory polycythemia. The increased blood viscosity and reduced blood flow in the microcirculation may induce cerebral thrombosis or exaggerate minute encephalomalacia during dehydration or cardiac dysfunction, and shunted blood containing infectious organisms at such sites may be followed by focal cerebritis.
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PMID:Risk factors for brain abscess in patients with congenital cyanotic heart disease. 138 54


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