Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0018799 (heart disease)
 34,133 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Histone lysine and arginine residues are subject to a wide array of post-translational modifications including methylation, citrullination, acetylation, ubiquitination, and sumoylation. The combinatorial action of these modifications regulates critical DNA processes including replication, repair, and transcription. In addition, enzymes that modify histone lysine and arginine residues have been correlated with a variety of human diseases including arthritis, cancer, heart disease, diabetes, and neurodegenerative disorders. Thus, it is important to fully understand the detailed kinetic and chemical mechanisms of these enzymes. Here, we review recent progress towards determining the mechanisms of histone lysine and arginine modifying enzymes. In particular, the mechanisms of S-adenosyl-methionine (AdoMet) dependent methyltransferases, FAD-dependent demethylases, iron dependent demethylases, acetyl-CoA dependent acetyltransferases, zinc dependent deacetylases, NAD(+) dependent deacetylases, and protein arginine deiminases are covered. Particular attention is paid to the conserved active-site residues necessary for catalysis and the individual chemical steps along the catalytic pathway. When appropriate, areas requiring further work are discussed.
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PMID:Chemical mechanisms of histone lysine and arginine modifications. 1860 28

The development of cyanosis at birth, the so-called blue baby syndrome, alerts paediatricians to the presence of congenital heart disease. In rare cases where the arterial blood gas analysis is normal the cyanosis is a consequence of methaemoglobinaemia. There are three distinct origins of methaemoglobinaemia; the presence of a haemoglobin variant, environmental toxicity and deficiency of cytochrome b5 reductase (cb(5)r). Two children born to two sets of first-degree related parents were cyanotic from birth. Differential diagnosis eliminated cardiac and pulmonary abnormalities. Measurement of methaemoglobin levels confirmed recessive congenital methaemoglobinaemia (RCM) and treatment with ascorbic acid was commenced. In the absence of neurological defects, type I disease was diagnosed. Sequence analysis of CYB5R3 revealed two different missense mutations (one which is novel, Ile85Ser) in the two families. Neither of the mutations was located in the FAD or the NADH binding sites of cb(5)r, thus supporting a diagnosis of type I disease.
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PMID:NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase in a Turkish family with recessive congenital methaemoglobinaemia type I. 1882 99