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Query: UMLS:C0018799 (heart disease)
 34,133 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Several biases in studies of estrogen replacement therapy suggest that claims that estrogen replacement therapy reduces the risk of heart disease are exaggerated. Women who have taken part in these studies are usually healthier than the average woman. In fact, for many years, physicians had not prescribed hormones to women whom they considered to be in less than excellent health. Thus, women on estrogen replacement therapy would tend not to suffer heart disease. Even though hormonal therapy does protect against osteoporosis in postmenopausal women, physicians should not prescribe hormonal therapy just to protect women from heart disease. The American Heart Association reported in the autumn of 1993 that estrogen use has been linked to a 50% reduction in the risk of coronary heart disease and stroke, but it also warns that one must be cautious when interpreting these studies, since physicians may prescribe hormones to primarily healthier women to relieve symptoms of menopause. Women must visit a physician before beginning hormone replacement, and they are more likely to enter heart disease prevention programs than women not on estrogen. Women on hormone replacement therapy have higher incomes and more education than women who are not on this therapy. In fact, higher income and education make women more healthy than poor, less educated women. Since 10 times more women die of heart disease in the US than of osteoporosis, we need to know whether hormone replacement therapy really prevents heart disease. The Heart Estrogen Replacement Study and the Women's Health Initiative have recently begun carefully controlled studies examining whether hormone replacement therapy protects against heart disease. They should produce results in 5-6 years.
Indian Med Trib 1994 Jul 15
PMID:Estrogen's protection against heart disease may be overstated. 1217 78

The goal of this study is to present the clinical and evolutive features of Pneumocystis infection (PCP) in infants admitted in our clinic. We summarise these aspects from 17 cases (10 male and 7 female infants), admitted between 1st January 2004 and 31st May 2005. PCP infection is rare. It represents 1,5/1000 children (17 cases of 11328 total patients) admitted in our hospital. The risk factors for PCP were age between 6 weeks and 6 months (average 3,38 months) low birth weight (average = 2428 grams), low weight for age, prolonged hospital admission (88,23% of the 17 infants were abandoned in nursery). Only one of them had HIV infection and none presented neoplastic disease. The most prominent clinical aspect was tachypnea (average 78 breath/minute, maximum 130). 16 (94,11%) had difficult breathing with chest in-drawing and flaring of ala nasi. 14 (82,35%) had generalised cyanosis. Only two (11,72%) infants had fever. Radiologic aspects were evocative, with diffuse pulmonary involvement in almost all cases (88,23%). 6 infants (35,29%) had pneumothorax and 2 (11,76%) presented pneumomediastinum. Positive diagnosis was made by microscopic examination of secretions from endotracheal tube aspiration (Grocott methenamine silver stain and Romanowsky stain). 14 infants were ventilated with a good outcome--12 surviving infants (85,7%). All infants had a full course of intravenous Co-trimoxazole. The deceased infants had more risk factors--congenital heart disease 1 case, severe cerebral palsy with organic epilepsy 2 cases. The apparent increase of PCP cases can be related to the number of abandoned children in Romanian pediatric hospitals and nurseries.
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PMID:[Pneumocystis pneumonia in infants]. 1653 25