Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0018799 (heart disease)
 34,133 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Primary hyperparathyroidism (pHPT), caused by solitary parathyroid adenomas in 85% of cases and diffuse hyperplasia in most of the remaining cases, overproduces parathyroid hormone (PTH), which mobilizes calcium to the blood stream. Renal stones, osteoporosis and diffuse symptoms of hypercalcaemia, such as constipation, fatigue and weakness are well-known complications. However, in Western Europe and North America, patients with pHPT are nowadays usually discovered during an early, asymptomatic phase of the disease. It has been reported that patients suffering from symptomatic pHPT have increased mortality, mainly due to an overrepresentation of cardiovascular death. pHPT is reported to be associated with hypertension, disturbances in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, and structural and functional alterations in the vascular wall. Recently, studies have indicated an association between pHPT and heart disease, and studies in vitro have produced a number of theoretical approaches. An increased prevalence of cardiac structural abnormalities such as left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and valvular and myocardial calcification has been observed. Associations have been found between PTH and LVH, and between LVH and serum calcium. LV systolic function does not seem to be affected in patients with pHPT, whereas any influence on LV diastolic performance needs further evaluation. The aim of this review is to clarify the connection between pHPT and cardiac disease.
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PMID:Primary hyperparathyroidism and heart disease--a review. 1547 92

Symptoms of balance disorders including 'unsteadiness', 'dizziness and vertigo' are common in the elderly and commonly found in general practice in medicine. There are many causes of balance disorders and vary from one person to another. Disorder of the internal ear or vestibular end-organ type is one cause. Unsteadiness of somato-sensory or proprioception is common in the elderly so is degenerative disorder of central control in brain. The elderly are prone to many chronic illnesses or disorders which are causes of balance disorder or give rise to more rapid degeneration of the central nervous system i.e. high blood pressure, diabetes mellitus, heart disease, proprioception and joint problems, arthritis and muscular weakness due to lack of good health and exercise. The objectives of this research study were to find the etiologies of balance disorders and how Balance Exercises and the 'National Health Service' can be of benefit in helping to prevent them. 1565 elderly inhabitants (age > or = 60 years) of 20 communities adjacent to Siriraj Hospital were selected for study. Among these, 625 persons had a history of balance disorders. Among those, 256 had symptoms during the week selected for examination. The average age was 66 years old, women outnumbered men with a ratio of 2.4:1. The common underlying causes were hypertension in 32.4%, diabetes mellitus 13.8%, arthritis 8.1%, and heart disease 4.4% respectively. All are still taking one or more types of drug. The subjects were randomly divided into two groups for the study purpose of effectiveness of balance exercise. Group 1 did not perform the head balance exercise and Group 2 performed the head balance exercise. Audiometric testing showed impaired hearing in 90% of the subjects. The majority slowed hearing loss in high frequencies. Testing of middle ear function found 75% of Group 1 to have normal middle ear function 77% of Group 2. Brainstem Electrical Response Audiometry (BERA) showed normal response latencies of in 96% of group 1 and 94% of Group 2. Poor morphology of waveform was found in 12% of Group 1 and 16% of Group 2. Doppler sonography for intra-cranial blood flow measurement showed abnormal flow of the ICA in 17.6% of group 1 and 20.16% of group 2. Basilar arterial abnormal flow was found in 77.6% of Group 1 and 80.6% of Group 2 respectively. The flow of ICA was improved after 8 weeks in both groups. The measurement of balance by Posturography showed 86.7% abnormality in Group 1 and 83.5% abnormality in Group 2 (and the majority due to inner ear problems but many cases had a mixture of joints and CNS problems too). Results of the self-evaluation (by questionaires) showed the elderly to have symptoms of light headedness in 51% and loss of balance in 29%, Vertigo with rotation occurred in 23.6%. 49% of the symptoms were intermittent, 56.4% experienced a 'fall". On questioning about the benefit and performance of Head and Neck Exercises, 82.8% found the exercises were easy to perform, 56.4% said the results were very beneficial.
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PMID:Balance disorders in the elderly and the benefit of balance exercise. 1556 Jul 2

A 3-week-old Thoroughbred colt was presented for weakness and cyanosis. A pansystolic regurgitant murmur and other physical findings suggested that the foal developed pulmonary oedema as a consequence of congenital heart disease. A large atrial septal defect, a high ventricular septal defect and dysplasia of the atrioventricular valves were visualised echocardiographically. A persistent common atrioventricular canal was observed at necropsy.
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PMID:Common atrioventricular canal in a foal. 1603 29

A 2-year-old boy with underlying congenital cyanotic heart disease presented with seizures and fever and was found to have bilateral parietal cerebral abscesses. Drainage of the pus from the abscesses was done in stages; on the day of admission, four days after admission and 3 weeks after admission. Although the pus from the first drainage did not grow any organisms, the pus from the second drainage on the fourth day of admission yielded a mixed growth of Eikenella corrodens and Streptococcus milleri. Following the second drainage of pus, the child was noted to have mild weakness (grade 3/5) and increased tone in the left upper limb. Three weeks after admission, due to recurring fever, further neurological signs and findings of an enlarging right cerebral abscess on a repeat CT scan, a third drainage was carried out. However no growth was obtained from this specimen. This patient was managed both surgically and with appropriate antibiotics. Over the next four months, serial CT scans revealed gradual resolution of the abscesses with disappearance of the surrounding oedema. The child showed gradual recovery of his left sided weakness with resolution of tone and reflexes to normal.
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PMID:Eikenella corrodens from a brain abscess. 1619 Jan 7

Children who have heart disease may present to the emergency department (ED) in many stages of life with a range of cardiovascular manifestions, from minimally irritating palpitations to the life-threatening derangements of shock or lethal dysrhythmia. They can present with congenital heart disease, after a temporizing procedure has been performed or after their definitive repair. Children can also present with fever, weakness, dyspnea, syncope, or chest pain; alternatively, children may present to the ED with active dysrhythmia, pulmonary edema, or cardiogenic shock . These symptoms and presentations may result from Kawasaki disease,hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, or arrhythmia; therefore, emergency physicians must also be comfortable with the most common types of heart disease associated with these symptoms and presentations. The purpose of this article is to describe the physiology and presentation of undiagnosed congenital heart disease, to describe the complications that can occur after a staged or definitive repair,and to discuss acquired heart disease in children.
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PMID:Cardiovascular emergencies in the pediatric patient. 1619 47

Vitamin D deficiency is now recognized as an epidemic in the United States. The major source of vitamin D for both children and adults is from sensible sun exposure. In the absence of sun exposure 1000 IU of cholecalciferol is required daily for both children and adults. Vitamin D deficiency causes poor mineralization of the collagen matrix in young children's bones leading to growth retardation and bone deformities known as rickets. In adults, vitamin D deficiency induces secondary hyperparathyroidism, which causes a loss of matrix and minerals, thus increasing the risk of osteoporosis and fractures. In addition, the poor mineralization of newly laid down bone matrix in adult bone results in the painful bone disease of osteomalacia. Vitamin D deficiency causes muscle weakness, increasing the risk of falling and fractures. Vitamin D deficiency also has other serious consequences on overall health and well-being. There is mounting scientific evidence that implicates vitamin D deficiency with an increased risk of type I diabetes, multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, hypertension, cardiovascular heart disease, and many common deadly cancers. Vigilance of one's vitamin D status by the yearly measurement of 25-hydroxyvitamin D should be part of an annual physical examination.
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PMID:The vitamin D epidemic and its health consequences. 1625 41

The diagnosis of mitochondrial myopathy depends upon a constellation of findings, family history, type of muscle involvement, specific laboratory abnormalities, and the results of histological, pathobiochemical and genetic analysis. In the present paper, the authors describe the diagnostic approach to mitochondrial myopathies manifesting as extraocular muscle disease. The most common ocular manifestation of mitochondrial myopathy is progressive external ophthalmoplegia (PEO). To exclude myasthenia gravis, ocular myositis, thyroid associated orbitopathy, oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy, and congenital fibrosis of the extraocular muscles in patients with an early onset or long-lasting very slowly progressive ptosis and external ophthalmoplegia, almost without any diplopia, and normal to mildly elevated serum creatine kinase and lactate, electromyography, nerve conduction studies and MRI of the orbits should be performed. A PEO phenotype forces one to look comprehensively for other multisystemic mitochondrial features (e.g., exercise induced weakness, encephalopathy, polyneuropathy, diabetes, heart disease). Thereafter, and presently even in familiar PEO, a diagnostic muscle biopsy should be taken. Histological and ultrastructural hallmarks are mitochondrial proliferations and structural abnormalities, lipid storage, ragged-red fibers, or cytochrome-C negative myofibers. In addition, Southern blotting may reveal the common deletion, or molecular analysis may verify specific mutations of distinct mitochondrial or nuclear genes.
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PMID:Extraocular mitochondrial myopathies and their differential diagnoses. 1676 Jan 17

The goal of this research is to analyze the differences in recovery of walk of two groups of patients who have suffered the stroke--those who have and have not suffered from heart disease prior to the stroke. Test group consisted of patients who have suffered the stroke, and have been rehabilitated in the Clinic for physical medicine and rehabilitation in Tuzla, in 2003. Patients who have had a heart disease before suffering the stroke and have been treated by a cardiologist comprised the first test group (Group I, N=48), while patients without previous heart disease comprised the second test group (Group II, N=69). In relation to their ability to walk, patients have been divided into three groups: those who are able to walk without help, those who are not able to walk and those who are able to walk with a walking aid. Therapies used include kinesiotherapy, paraffin, criotherapy, and electro procedures. Total number of those rehabilitated in the hospital after the stroke is 117, out of which 45 (38.5 %) were women and 72 (61.5 %) men, with average of 68 +/- 9,2 years of age. According to the kind of stroke suffered, 105 patients have had ischemia (89.7 %) and 12 have had hemorrhagia (10.3 %). The highest number of patients have had paralysis of the left side of the body--48 (41.0 %), then paralysis of the right side--43 (36.8 %) and both sides--15 (12.8 %). In relation to the localization of the changes in the brain detected in the CT, the highest number of patients have had multiply lacunar changes--41 (35,0 %), then changes in parietal area--33 (28.2 %) and temporoparietal area--22 (18.8 %), and a bit less had changes in capsula interna--15 (12.8 %), occipital--3 (2.6 %) and cerebellum--3 (2.6 %). In relation to the heart diseases, most of the patients have had compensated weakness of the heart--20 (41.7 %), suffered infarctus myocardii--8 (16.7 %) and atrial fibrillation--8 (16.7 %), with angina pectoris 6 (12,5 %), with arrhitmia--3 (6.3 %) and heart surgery--3 (6.3 %). In relation to their ability to walk at the moment of their admission to the Clinic, 62 (53.0 %) of them were immobile, while at their discharge from the hospital this number decreased to 15 (12.9 %). 14 patients (12.0 %) were able to walk at the moment of the admission, while at the discharge, this number increased to 47 (40.1 %). Differences are statistically significant at the level of p<0,01 for the patients with heart diseases, and p<0.05 for those without a heart disease. Recovery of ability to walk is significantly better with patients that have had multiple lacunar changes, p<0.001, changes in parietal area, p<0.001 and capsula interna, p<0.01. Average hospitalization for the whole test group was 22 +/- 13,6 days--for the Group I it lasted 24 and for the Group II 21 days. Recovery of ability to walk of patients who suffered the stroke is better (p<0.01) if patients have had heart diseases before the stroke, then if patients did not have a previous heart condition (p<0.05), but the average rehabilitation is longer for 3 days.
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PMID:[Recovery of walk in persons with stroke and heart disease]. 1676 19

Heart disease is the number one killer in the USA. In Jordan, cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death, and about 34.5% of women die of cardiovascular disease as compared with 44.25% of men. The differences between men and women in heart disease, such as signs and symptoms presentation, diagnostic and therapeutic interventions, are becoming more apparent in the literature. There is a dearth of research regarding gender differences among Jordanian myocardial infarction (MI) patients. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to explore the differences between Jordanian men and women in signs and symptoms presentation of MI and follow-up care. A convenience sample of 83 patients (26 women and 57 men) who were diagnosed with MI, mentally competent and haemodynamically stable were used to explore the research questions. An interview guide and chart audit were used to elicit information about initial and associated signs and symptoms and treatment plan of MI patients. Chest pain was the most common initial symptom in both men and women. The four most common associated signs and symptoms reported by both men and women were general weakness, sweating, nausea and fatigue. However, women experienced more general weakness and sweating compared with men. Women were less likely to receive intravenous nitroglycerin, heparin and thrombolytic therapy for the treatment of MI. Chest pain was the initial symptom of MI reported by men and women. Although similarities exist in the associated sings and symptoms, women might experience different associated signs and symptoms from men. Despite these similarities, women are still less likely than men to receive the therapeutic regimen used for men.
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PMID:Gender differences in signs and symptoms presentation and treatment of Jordanian myocardial infarction patients. 1683 80

Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy (EDMD) is an inherited disorder characterized by slowly progressive skeletal muscle weakness in a humero-peroneal distribution, early contractures and prominent cardiomyopathy with conduction block. Mutations in EMD, encoding emerin, and LMNA, encoding A-type lamins, respectively, cause X-linked and autosomal dominant EDMD. Emerin and A-type lamins are proteins of the inner membrane of the nuclear envelope. Whereas the genetic cause of EDMD has been described and the proteins well characterized, little is known on how abnormalities in nuclear envelope proteins cause striated muscle disease. In this study, we analyzed genome-wide expression profiles in hearts from Emd knockout mice, a model of X-linked EDMD, using Affymetrix GeneChips. This analysis showed a molecular signature similar to that we previously described in hearts from Lmna H222P knock-in mice, a model of autosomal dominant EDMD. There was a common activation of the ERK1/2 branch of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway in both murine models, as well as activation of downstream targets implicated in the pathogenesis of cardiomyopathy. Activation of MAPK signaling appears to be a cornerstone in the development of heart disease in both X-linked and autosomal dominant EDMD.
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PMID:Activation of MAPK in hearts of EMD null mice: similarities between mouse models of X-linked and autosomal dominant Emery Dreifuss muscular dystrophy. 1756 79


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