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Query: UMLS:C0018799 (heart disease)
 34,133 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The association between cooking fuels and the risk of respiratory disease in preschool children in Lucknow, India was studied. We interviewed mothers of 650 study children, randomly selected from among 28 urban poor neighborhoods. Children were eligible if they were less than five years of age, free of congenital heart disease, malignancy, and compromised immune status. Respiratory disease (defined as one or more of the following: runny nose, cough, sore throat, breathlessness, and noisy respiration) was assessed by observation. Exposures included the types of cooking fuels and duration of their use in the last week and other potential predictors of respiratory disease. Odds ratios (ORs) for disease were adjusted for covariables using multiple logistic regression. The point prevalence of respiratory disease was 14.5%. Cooking fuels used were wood (56.0%), kerosene (24.2%), coal (19.2%), gas (15.4%), and dung cakes (8.6%). Use of dung cakes, a sun-dried mixture of cow or buffalo dung and straw, as cooking fuel was associated with respiratory disease (adjusted OR = 2.69, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.37-5.31, P = 0.004), as was overcrowding in the bedroom (adjusted OR = 1.25 for each additional person, 95% CI = 1.11-1.41, P = 0.001). Age, weight, gender, family income, and household structure were not associated with disease. Use of dung cakes as cooking fuel and overcrowding in the bedroom increased the risk of respiratory disease. Interventions to modify oven design or install chimneys and, where feasible, to reduce the number of people sleeping together should be considered.
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PMID:Effect of cooking fuels on respiratory diseases in preschool children in Lucknow, India. 870 22

RSV is the most important respiratory pathogen in infants and young children. About 1% of primary RSV infections result in hospitalization. The virus is spread by large droplets of secretions or contact with contaminated secretions. Infants infected with RSV may demonstrate poor feeding, rhinorrhea, apnea, lethargy, wheezing, and respiratory distress. Diagnosis may be made by clinical signs and symptoms (especially those observed during epidemics), by chest radiographs showing hyperinflation, or by rapid antigen detection with immunofluorescence of nasopharyngeal aspirates. Risk factors for severe disease accompanied by complications include chronic heart disease, chronic lung disease, immunodeficiency, HIV, and prematurity. Immunity is incomplete and of short duration, and reinfection is common. Treatment remains supportive and consists of oxygen administration, hydration, and diligent monitoring. Use of corticosteroids, bronchodilators, antibiotics, and ribavirin is controversial and is dependent largely on physician preference. Use of ribavirin should be reserved for patients who have severe underlying conditions associated with increased mortality rates. Intravenous RSV Ig has been replaced by palivizumab, which is generally recommended for infants at high risk for severe RSV, including those with a history of prematurity and those with chronic lung disease.
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PMID:RSV infection in infants and young children. What's new in diagnosis, treatment, and prevention? 1060 68

We report a case of an infant with complex congenital heart disease who was placed on captopril for afterload reduction following cardiac surgery and subsequently developed pulmonary infiltrates with eosinophilia. The patient was readmitted with symptoms of rhinorrhea, poor feeding, and decreased activity level. She was found to have diffuse pulmonary infiltrates on chest radiograph and a marked peripheral eosinophilia without leukocytosis. After discontinuing captopril and starting systemic steroids, her symptomatology rapidly improved, and her eosinophilia and radiographic abnormalities both resolved.
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PMID:Captopril-induced pulmonary infiltrates with eosinophilia in an infant with congenital heart disease. 1613 5

A 1-year-5-months-old female who had cough, rhinorrhea and prolonged fever for 19 days was admitted to the intensive care unit due to exertional dyspnea. She was intubated promptly in virtue of hypotension and cyanosis. The physical examination demonstrated diminished breathing sound over the right lung and distant heart sound; echocardiogram showed cardiac tamponade. Further X ray study showed right hydropneumothorax and cardiomegaly. Pericardiocentesis and chest thoracostomy were performed, and subsequently all the cultures showed growth of Streptococcus pneumoniae. Antibiotics therapy was started promptly after admission. Further investigation indicated osteomyelitis of the right ilium, so that surgical debridement was done. The patient was discharged 54 days later with complete recovery. After following up for 18 months, no restrictive heart disease developed. Purulent pericarditis with cardiac tamponade is an extremely rare complication of pneumococcal infection.
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PMID:Disseminated pneumococcal infection with pericarditis and cardiac tamponade: report of one case. 1664 5

Bronchiolitis is a common lower respiratory tract infection in infants and young children, and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most common cause of this infection. RSV is transmitted through contact with respiratory droplets either directly from an infected person or self-inoculation by contaminated secretions on surfaces. Patients with RSV bronchiolitis usually present with two to four days of upper respiratory tract symptoms such as fever, rhinorrhea, and congestion, followed by lower respiratory tract symptoms such as increasing cough, wheezing, and increased respiratory effort. In 2014, the American Academy of Pediatrics updated its clinical practice guideline for diagnosis and management of RSV bronchiolitis to minimize unnecessary diagnostic testing and interventions. Bronchiolitis remains a clinical diagnosis, and diagnostic testing is not routinely recommended. Treatment of RSV infection is mainly supportive, and modalities such as bronchodilators, epinephrine, corticosteroids, hypertonic saline, and antibiotics are generally not useful. Evidence supports using supplemental oxygen to maintain adequate oxygen saturation; however, continuous pulse oximetry is no longer required. The other mainstay of therapy is intravenous or nasogastric administration of fluids for infants who cannot maintain their hydration status with oral fluid intake. Educating parents on reducing the risk of infection is one of the most important things a physician can do to help prevent RSV infection, especially early in life. Children at risk of severe lower respiratory tract infection should receive immunoprophylaxis with palivizumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody, in up to five monthly doses. Prophylaxis guidelines are restricted to infants born before 29 weeks' gestation, infants with chronic lung disease of prematurity, and infants and children with hemodynamically significant heart disease.
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PMID:Respiratory Syncytial Virus Bronchiolitis in Children. 2808 8