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Query: UMLS:C0018799 (heart disease)
 34,133 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The screening examination of the heart and blood vessels require the use of the history, physical examination, electrocardiogram, and chest x-ray film. The relevant anatomy, pathology, and physiology responsible for the abnormalities found by using these methods of examination must be understood. The abnormalities that can be detected by the use of these methods of examination are discussed in this monograph. The techniques themselves are referred to as being low technology. The skill required in the use of these methods must be developed to its fullest. The data collected by using the history, physical examination, electrocardiogram, and chest x-ray film must be carefully analyzed in order for the examiner to diagnose the patient's cardiac problem. When possible, a complete cardiac diagnosis should be made according to guidelines formulated by the New York Heart Association. The four elements of a complete diagnosis are: Etiology, anatomy, physiology, and cardiac status and prognosis. In many cases, no additional data are needed and no additional data should be collected. When it is not possible to create a complete cardiac diagnosis from this information, the examiner must determine if it is wise and proper, given the patient's other health problems, to collect additional data that would permit a complete cardiac diagnosis. This effort hones the judgmental skill of the physician. When the cardiac diagnosis remains incomplete, or when a complete cardiac diagnosis is made but additional information is needed for follow-up purposes, carefully selected high technology should be used. With the unanswered questions in mind, the procedure used should be the one that answers the question with a predictive value that permits a defensible clinical decision. A complete medical problem list should be created for every patient. The cardiovascular problem must always be viewed in the context of other medical problems; there is no other way to make a sound judgment regarding the care of the patient with heart disease. When low technology, consisting of the history, physical examination, electrocardiogram, and chest x-ray film, is used poorly it is very likely that high technology will be used poorly. It is not possible to take a second step (high technology) without taking a well placed first step (low technology).
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PMID:The examination of the heart: the importance of initial screening. 218 80

Echocardiography is a major mode of cardiovascular imaging with versatile applications. Modern two-dimensional echocordiographic techniques provide a comprehensive means for evaluating virtually all forms of congenital heart disease (CHD) found in both adults and children. CHD is an abnormality in cardiocirculatory structure or function that is present at birth, even if it is discovered much later. We set out to describe the spectrum of CHD using echocardiography in two centers in Kano, northern Nigeria. In this retrospective study, transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) data collected from two echocardiography laboratories in Kano over a period of 48 months (June 2002 to May 2006) were reviewed. Patients with diagnosis of congenital heart disease were selected. Information obtained from the records included the age, gender, clinical diagnosis and echocardiographic findings. One-hundred-twenty-two patients had CHD, making 9.3% of the 1312 patients with abnormal echocardiograms. There were 73 males and 49 females (ratio 1.5:1); and their ages ranged from nine days to 35 years. Forty-one (33.6%) children presented for echocardiography before the age of one year, and 69% presented before the age of five years. Thirteen (10.6%) were > or =18 years. Ventricular septal defect (VSD) was the most common echocardiographic diagnosis present in 56 patients (45.9%). Thirty-two (26.2%) had tetralogy of Fallot, and 15 (12.3%) had atrial septal defect (ASD). Ten (8.2%) had endocardial cushion defect, and nine (7.4%) had other congenital heart abnormalities. Coarctation of the aorta and aortic stenosis were rare. CHD is a common cardiovascular problem in our setting, and a number of patients were diagnosed in adulthood. With increasing availability of echocardiographic facilities, more cases of CHD are likely to be identified early.
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PMID:Spectrum of congenital heart disease in a tropical environment: an echocardiography study. 1759 36

Our previous study indicated that there are at least 7 cardiovascular representation areas on the face, including the "Eyebrows", both sides of the "Nose", "Lelt Upper Lip" and the "Outside of the corner of both sides of the mouth," in addition to 2 areas in each hand. When there are cardiovascular problems, some of the heart representation areas of these areas often show the following changes: 1) Most distinctive visible changes such as the initial whitening with or without long white hair, then hair loss and complete disappearance of the hairs of the heart representation area of "Eyebrows" 2) Invisible biochemical changes that happen in heart representation areas at the "Left Upper Lips", 3) "Nose" below eye level as well as 4) "3rd segment of Middle Finger of Hands." Most distinctive visible & invisible changes are found in heart representation areas on the "Eyebrow", located nearest to the midline of face, where the color of the hairs becomes white compared with the rest of the Eyebrow. Then the cardiovascular problem advances, and hair starts disappearing. When there are no hairs at the heart representation areas of the Eyebrow, usually Cardiac Troponin I is increased to a very serious, abnormal high value. Most of the cardiovascular representation areas of the face show, regardless of presence or absence of visible change. When there is a cardiovascular problem, not only simple Bi-Digital O-Ring Test can detect without using any instrument in several minutes but also, corresponding biochemical changes of abnormally increased Cardiac Troponin I level can often be detected non-invasively from these Organ Representation Areas of Face & Hands, although changes in Eyebrows, L-Upper Lip & 3rd segment of middle fingers are clinically the most reliable changes & easy to identify the locations. Manual Stimulation of Hand's heart representation areas often eliminated acute anginal chest pain before medical help became available. Important factors for safe, effective treatment of heart disease & cancer were also presented. Significant beneficial effect of optimal dose of Vitamin D3 400 I.U. for average adult on heart, brain and cancer, and harmful effect of widely used 2000 I.U., was emphasized.
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PMID:Non-invasive quick diagnosis of cardiovascular problems from visible and invisible abnormal changes with increased cardiac troponin I appearing on cardiovascular representation areas of the eyebrows, left upper lip, etc. of the face & hands: beneficial manual stimulation of hands for acute anginal chest pain, and important factors in safe, effective treatment. 2521 29