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Query: UMLS:C0018799 (heart disease)
 34,133 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Exercise-induced ventricular tachycardia (VT) is rare in children and young adults without structural heart disease. Catecholaminergic polymorphic VT (CPVT) is among the possible causes and carries a poor prognosis. The QRS morphology of CPVT can be bidirectional, polymorphic or even ventricular fibrillation. We report a case of CPVT initially presenting as sudden collapse in an 18-year-old Taiwanese woman. Family history was negative for arrhythmias and sudden death. Laboratory analyses, transthoracic echocardiography, magnetic resonance imaging, electrophysiological study including procainamide and isoproterenol test were all negative. Bidirectional VT was induced by treadmill exercise test. She responded well to beta-blocker therapy. Some cases of CPVT are sporadic and some occur in patients with a family history. The treatment of choice for this disease is beta-blocker and implantation of an internal cardioverter defibrillator.
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PMID:Exercise-provoked bidirectional ventricular tachycardia in a young woman. 1549 29

The endothelins are peptides with vasoconstricting and growth-promoting properties. Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is known with its direct positive inotropic and chronotropic effects on isolated heart and with growth effects. The aim of this pilot study was to investigate the frequency distribution of the common polymorphism of the ET-1 gene and its possible relation with hemodynamic consequences of malignant ventricular arrhythmias in patients with structural heart disease. We studied 26 consecutive patients with malignant ventricular arrhythmias and implantable cardioverterdefibrillators with a mean age of 62.7 +/- 12.2 years and a mean left ventricular ejection fraction of 0.37 +/- 11.0. Taq polymorphism of ET-1 was detected using our original polymerase chain reaction method. The polymerase chain reaction product with a length of 358 basepairs (bp) (primers 5'-CAA ACC GAT GTC CTC TGT A-3' and 5'-ACC AAA CAC ATT TCC CTA TT-3') in its non-mutated form contains a target sequence for TaqI restrictive enzyme, while a mutated product loses this cleavage site. Of 26 patients, nine (34%) had recurrent palpitations and eight (30.8%) had syncopes during their malignant arrhythmias. Nineteen patients were given amiodarone after implantable cardioverter-defibrillator insertion and seven were not treated with amiodarone. Fifteen patients had (++), 11 (+-) and 0 (- -) ET-1 genotype. The risk for syncopes was associated with the (++) genotype of the ET-1 gene (P = 0.01). Patients receiving amiodarone had significantly higher frequency of the (++) genotype (P = 0.011). All our results indicate that the presence of the ET-1 genotype (++) in patients with structural heart disease, severe left ventricular dysfunction and malignant ventricular arrhythmias increases the risk for these patients of hemodynamic collapse during these arrhythmias.
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PMID:Endothelin-1 gene polymorphism in patients with malignant arrhythmias. 1583 69

The purpose of our research was to study the clinical outcomes of children with congenital heart disease (CHD) requiring extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support after cardiac surgery at a tertiary care children's hospital. Retrospective review of all patients with CHD who required postcardiotomy ECMO between January 2001 and September 2004 (45 months) was undertaken. Various outcome predictors were tested for any association with survival to hospital discharge using univariate analysis. A total of 84 children were placed on ECMO after CHD surgery; 39 (46.4%) were placed on ECMO in the operating room. Median age of the patients was 128 days (1 day to 5 years) and median weight was 4.53 kg (2-18 kg). Active cardiopulmonary resuscitation was ongoing at the time of cannulation in 27 children (32%). Fifty-two children (61.9) survived > 24 hours after decannulation and 31 (36.9%) survived to discharge. High arterial serum lactate levels at the time of ECMO initiation were strongly correlated with nonsurvival (p = 0.004). Nonsurvivors had longer duration on ECMO than survivors (p = 0.003). The odds of survival dropped significantly after 144 hours (day 6) of ECMO. ECMO support results in improved outcomes in patients who suffered hemodynamic collapse post cardiac surgery. Underlying cardiac lesion, age, weight, gender, initial arterial pH, location of ECMO initiation, need for hemofiltration and placement of ECMO after active ongoing cardiopulmonary resuscitation did not increase the mortality risk. Initial arterial serum lactate level and inability to wean off by 6 days were strongly correlated with nonsurvival.
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PMID:Clinical outcomes of 84 children with congenital heart disease managed with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation after cardiac surgery. 1632 6

The effect of 3rd-degree atrioventricular block on long-term outcome in cats is unknown. Clinical findings and long-term outcome of 21 cats with 3rd-degree atrioventricular block were studied retrospectively. Median age of cats studied was 14 years (range 7-19 years). Presenting signs included respiratory distress or collapse, but 6 cats had no clinical signs of disease. Eight cats had congestive heart failure (CHF) at the time that 3rd-degree atrioventricular block was detected. Heart rates ranged from 80 to 140 beats per minute (bpm; median 120 bpm) with no difference in heart rate between cats with and those without CHF. Eleven of 18 cats that had echocardiograms had structural cardiac disease, and 6 cats had cardiac changes consistent with concurrent systemic disease. No atrioventricular nodal lesions were detected by echocardiography. One cat had atrioventricular nodal lesions detected on histologic examination. Median survival of 14 cats that died or were euthanized was 386 days (range 1-2,013 days). Survival did not differ between cats with or without CHF or between cats with or without structural cardiac disease. Thirteen cats with 3rd-degree atrioventricular block survived > 1 year after diagnosis, regardless of presenting signs or underlying cardiac disease. Third-degree heart block in cats is often not immediately life threatening. Survival was not affected by the presence of underlying heart disease or congestive heart failure at the time of presentation. Even cats with collapse might survive > 1 year without pacemaker implantation.
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PMID:Third-degree atrioventricular block in 21 cats (1997-2004). 1649 28

The myxoedema coma corresponds to the ultimate evolution of a hypothyroidism and is characterized by a major deficit in thyroid hormones responsible for a collapse of the metabolism. The preventive and curative treatment is based on the administration of thyroid hormones, whose benefits are opposed to the cardiovascular risks related to an iatrogenic hyperthyroidism for patients often old with cardiopathy. We report the case of a 92-year-old patient with unbalanced hypothyroidism and chronic cardiac deficiency, who presented a myxoedema coma in the postoperative period of an urgent digestive surgery. This observation illustrates the difficulties in treating patients with unbalanced hypothyroidism following emergency surgery, in the absence of consensus on the type and the amounts of thyroid hormones substitution.
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PMID:[The myxoedema coma exists, we met it]. 1762 59

In studies of gene and cell transfer for the treatment of heart disease, direct intramyocardial injection and antegrade intracoronary injection are common methods of delivering biomaterials to the heart. The authors, who carried out these surgical procedures in 377 rats, describe their methodology in detail and discuss surgical refinements that substantially reduced rat mortality. These refinements include a rigorous fluid replacement regimen, use of inhalational anesthesia instead of injectable agents, exposure of the heart without direct contact and use of a chest drainage cannula to remove air from the pleural cavity and prevent lung collapse.
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PMID:Refinement of in vivo surgical procedures for cardiac gene and cell transfer in rats. 1922 26

The aim of this study was to evaluate the anaesthetic assumption of responsibility of the surgery of the aneurism of under renal abdominal aorta. It was a retrospective study over two years (April 2005 - April 2007). Seven patients were operated, the mean age was 69,4 years. An operational pre evaluation was carried out among all patients including/understanding an interrogation, a clinical examination and a clinical assessment. All the patients profited from a general anaesthesia with controlled ventilation. Arterial hypertension (5 cases) was the independent factor of risk followed by the nicotinism (2 cases) with a patient at the stage of obstructive chronic broncho-pneumonopathy (BPCO). A patient was allowed in a table of rupture with acute abdominal pain and a cardiovascular collapse. Electrocardioscopic anomalies were noted among three patients with type of: HVD+ HBAG; HVG; HAG. A patient presented a hypertrophy cardiopathy with deterioration of the function of the VG and an important pulmonary arterial hypertension. A tensionnelle fall was found among three patients after induction with the midazolam. The aortic time of clampage varied between 20 and 120 mn with an average of 57, 6 mn. The incidents at the time of the clampage were: a bradycardia, a hypertensive push and a hypotension. No incident was observed at the time of the declampage. The blood losses per operational were estimated on average at 1000 ml and the numbers of transfusion by patient was on average of 4 pockets. The post operative issue was simple among 5 patients. A surgical recovery was necessary in front of a case of thrombosis of prosthesis. An oligoanurie, an acute respiratory insufficiency was found at the patient admitted in a table of rupture. The intermediate duration of stay threw 11 days. The maintenance of a homodynamic stability per and post operational remainder a good strategy to prevent the operational complications post.
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PMID:[Anesthesia and recovery of infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm surgery]. 1966 89

Following the collapse of socialism, fluctuations in cardiac mortality rates in East Germany and a West-to-East cardiac health gradient became topics of interest. Researchers suggested possible causes for these phenomena, including stress from postsocialism. I proposed that a cultural investigation of heart disease comorbid with depression could inform our understanding of the potential health effects of the postsocialist transition. I conducted ethnographic and survey research. In the study described here, I administered a depression scale (CES-D) and an ethnographically derived measure of cultural stress (Good Life Survey) to over 200 East and West Berliners with cardiovascular disease. Comparison of the groups' depression means revealed no difference. However, correlation of the Good Life Survey and the CES-D revealed unique profiles of cultural variables associated with depression in the two groups, suggesting that culture shapes depression and cardiac risk. I discuss the value of cultural studies to comorbidity research.
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PMID:Culture and comorbidity in East and West berliners. 2006 89

Loss of mitochondrial function is a fundamental determinant of cell injury and death. In heart cells under metabolic stress, we have previously described how the abrupt collapse or oscillation of the mitochondrial energy state is synchronized across the mitochondrial network by local interactions dependent upon reactive oxygen species (ROS). Here, we develop a mathematical model of ROS-induced ROS release (RIRR) based on reaction-diffusion (RD-RIRR) in one- and two-dimensional mitochondrial networks. The nodes of the RD-RIRR network are comprised of models of individual mitochondria that include a mechanism of ROS-dependent oscillation based on the interplay between ROS production, transport, and scavenging; and incorporating the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, oxidative phosphorylation, and Ca(2+) handling. Local mitochondrial interaction is mediated by superoxide (O2.-) diffusion and the O2.(-)-dependent activation of an inner membrane anion channel (IMAC). In a 2D network composed of 500 mitochondria, model simulations reveal DeltaPsi(m) depolarization waves similar to those observed when isolated guinea pig cardiomyocytes are subjected to a localized laser-flash or antioxidant depletion. The sensitivity of the propagation rate of the depolarization wave to O(2.-) diffusion, production, and scavenging in the reaction-diffusion model is similar to that observed experimentally. In addition, we present novel experimental evidence, obtained in permeabilized cardiomyocytes, confirming that DeltaPsi(m) depolarization is mediated specifically by O2.-). The present work demonstrates that the observed emergent macroscopic properties of the mitochondrial network can be reproduced in a reaction-diffusion model of RIRR. Moreover, the findings have uncovered a novel aspect of the synchronization mechanism, which is that clusters of mitochondria that are oscillating can entrain mitochondria that would otherwise display stable dynamics. The work identifies the fundamental mechanisms leading from the failure of individual organelles to the whole cell, thus it has important implications for understanding cell death during the progression of heart disease.
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PMID:A reaction-diffusion model of ROS-induced ROS release in a mitochondrial network. 2012 35

Velo-cardio-facial syndrome/DiGeorge/CATCH 22 is a spectrum of association, characterized by unusual face, cleft or incompetent palate, congenital heart disease with defects of the outflow tracts, absence of the thymus and parathyroid glands, often associated with developmental and behavioral disorders. This association is caused by a microdeletion in chromosome band 22q11.2. In a 4-month-old infant, with obstructive lower respiratory distress and poor weight gain since 2 months of age, truncus arteriosus was diagnosed and surgically corrected. On the postoperative period maintained dependency on mechanical ventilation, with persistent hypoventilation of the left lung. Fiberoptic bronchoscopy revealed complete obstruction of the left main bronchus by an extrinsic compression due to a vascular ring diagnosed by cardiac catheterization that showed a common anomalous origin of both right and left subclavian arteries and the ligamentum arteriosum. A second surgery by left lateral thoracotomy corrected the vascular ring. The maintenance of the collapse of the left main bronchus led to selective endobronchial stenting. The migration of the stent to the trachea, with acute respiratory distress, required emergent endoscopic removal of the stent. Thereafter, the evolution was uneventful. The association of DiGeorge syndrome with vascular ring is unusual. Unexpected evolution in these patients require a multidisciplinary technical approach for diagnosis and eventual emergent intervention.
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PMID:[DiGeorge syndrome and vascular ring. An unusual association with multidisciplinary approach]. 2014 Feb 86


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