Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0018799 (heart disease)
 34,133 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The phases of the nitrogen washout curve (NWC): dead space phase (DSP), mixed phase (MP), alveolar phase (AP) and lung closing volume (LCV) were studied in 7 healthy subjects and 47 patients with diverse disorders of gas mixing in the lungs. Under conditions of a diffuse decrease in the elasticity induced by blood congestion consequent on mitral heart disease, the gas in uniformly mixed in the lungs so that the magnitudes of NWC phases (in % of ZCV) almost do not differ from normal. When ZCV was drastically decreased, DSP showed a relative augmentation, while AP fell down. In local ventilation disorders induced by pulmonary diseases (bronchoectasis, abscesses, etc.), NWC patterns demonstrated significant changes indicating a non-uniform gas mixing in the lungs. LCV was well identifiable in healthy subjects whereas in patients with heart diseases, it was more poorly and less frequently identifiable, especially in subjects with pulmonary diseases. An increase in the time of diffuse gas mixing, which was attained as a result of breath holding at the height of inspiration, leads to the reduced DSP magnitude and gas supply to the alveoli. This does not improve, however, gas exchange in the most poorly ventilated zones.
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PMID:[Phases of the nitrogen washout curve with different gas mixtures in the lungs]. 740 68

Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging plays an essential role in the evaluation and follow-up of adult congenital heart disease (ACHD), providing safe, high-resolution imaging of some of the most complex anatomies encountered. Unlimited by acoustic windows and capable of tissue characterization, CMR is devoid of ionizing radiation and provides superior three-dimensional spatial resolution to transthoracic echocardiography and superior temporal resolution to computed tomography, making it the gold standard for various cardiac and great vessel imaging indications in ACHD. In this state-of-the art review, we provide an overview of CMR examination methods and detail the various approaches and classical findings in the more common forms of ACHD. Although this review touches upon technical aspects of CMR imaging in ACHD, it is primarily geared toward the adult congenital caregiver (i.e., clinical, interventional, or surgical), highlighting relevant practical considerations. To enhance the clinical utility of this review, numerous examples with intraoperative correlates are provided to highlight our imaging approaches for various defects. As CMR image acquisition may be time consuming and requires patient collaboration (e.g., intermittent breath holding), a systemic approach is required to maximize efficiency. A thorough knowledge of ACHD anatomy and natural history is essential in maximizing image interpretation. Proficient scanning is further enabled by clearly outlined study objectives with prior documentation of interventional and surgical procedures, where applicable.
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PMID:Evaluation of adult congenital heart disease by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. 1966 24