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Query: UMLS:C0018799 (heart disease)
 34,133 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Seventy-four patients with chest pain and no prior history of organic heart disease were interviewed with a structured psychiatric interview immediately after coronary arteriography. The majority of patients with both negative and positive coronary angiographies had undergone previous exercise tolerance tests, but the patients with angiographic coronary artery disease were significantly more likely to have had positive results on a treadmill test. Patients with chest pain and negative coronary arteriograms were significantly younger; more likely to be female; more apt to have a higher number of autonomic symptoms (tachycardia, dyspnea, dizziness, and paresthesias) associated with chest pain, and more likely to describe atypical chest pain. Patients with chest pain and normal coronary arteriographic results also had significantly higher psychologic scores on indices of anxiety and depression and were significantly more likely to meet criteria of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, third edition, for panic disorder (43 percent versus 6.5 percent), major depression (36 percent versus 4 percent), and two or more phobias (36 percent versus 15 percent) than were patients with chest pain and a coronary arteriography study demonstrating coronary artery stenosis.
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PMID:Chest pain: relationship of psychiatric illness to coronary arteriographic results. 333 15

Clinical characteristics of ten patients with Friedreich's disease are presented. Two cases were members of the same family, another patient had a brother with the disease, and in two cases there was consanguinity. The dominant inheritance pattern was absent in all cases. Initial symptoms and clinical signs were present under 5 years of age in six cases, and in three of them under 2 years of age. As reported in other series, in our cases the disorder first appeared in the legs. Other early manifestations included skeletal deformities and dysarthria, as well as diplopia, paresthesias and dizziness. Friedreich's ataxia results from pyramidal tract degeneration and changes in the cerebellum. Babinski sign was present in nine patients. Other findings were: muscular weakness, distal amyotrophy and distal dystonia. Two patients suffered epileptic attacks with typical EEG pattern. Kyphoscoliosis and pes cavum were constant skeletal deformities. ECG revealed signs of myocardial ischemis in nine patients, although none of them had symptomatology of heart disease. Glucose tolerance test carried out in three cases showed diabetic curves. Results of nerve speed conduction were as follows: normal in one case; decreased sensitive speed conduction in four cases, and decrease of both sensitive and motor speed conduction in other four cases. EMG showed signs of chronic denervation in three cases. These results coincide with those published by other authors.
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PMID:[Friedreich's disease. Clinical study of ten cases (author's transl)]. 737 33

Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) has routinely been used since the beginning of the 1970s. The initial indications for stimulation were the so-called deafferentation or neurogenic pain. Further work has confirmed that neurostimulation is useful in severe peripheral vascular disease in relieving pain and increasing capillary blood flow and oxygen tension. The effects are similar to those of sympathectomy. In 1964 Apthorp et al. discovered that sympathectomy relieved angina in about 75% of patients. The use of SCS to treat angina follows logically from its use in peripheral vascular disease. METHODS. The pain-relieving effect of SCS was investigated in two patients, 54 and 69 years old, who were hospitalised for 8 and 28 days. Both patients had severe angina pectoris (duration 2 and 15 years, New York Heart Association class III and II), related to three-vessel disease, and one of them had previously undergone his third bypass operation. The other patient was not considered suitable for surgery. The antianginal treatment (long-acting nitrates, beta-blockers, calcium antagonists) was regarded as optimal and was not changed during the observation period (Table 1). SURGICAL TECHNIQUE AND STIMULATION EQUIPMENT. We used the commercially available Medtronic SCS system. The operation was performed under local anaesthesia to allow the patient to answer questions during the intraoperative stimulation. The epidural space was punctured at the level of T7-T8 in one case and T11-T12 in the other. The electrode tip was positioned in the midline or a few millimetres to the left at the T1-T2 level (Figs. 1, 2), so that the patient felt a prickling sensation in the precordial area and into the arms. The distal end of the electrode was sutured to the fascia and connected via a tunnelled extension lead to the external pulse generator. The pulse width was 200 microseconds, frequency 80 Hz. An appropriate amplitude (usually 8-10 V) was used for comfortable paraesthesia. The study consisted of two parts: a run-in period (1 week) to standardise the stimulation when mobilisation was performed. A treatment period (18 months) to determine the patient's working capacity after continuous stimulation (Table 2). After a successful run-in period a Medtronic receiver was implanted, connected to the electrode and stimulated by external pulse generator. Different variables were used to assess the effect: pulse rate, blood pressure, the product of pulse rate and systolic blood pressure, estimated anginal pain, and ST changes in the electrocardiogram (ECG) before, during and after mobilisation. RESULTS. The stimulation was carried out for 30 min 10-12 times a day during the run-in period and five to six times a day during the treatment period. Altogether there was slight lowering of heart rate and systolic blood pressure. Consequently the product of heart rate and systolic blood pressure was diminished. In one case (NYHA II) the distinct disorder of repolarisation reverted to the normal condition as shown on ECG. In the other case (NYHA III) the ECG remained unchanged because of a severe aneurysm of the cardiac wall. Both patients experienced nearly complete pain relief after a few days for 6 and 12 months respectively. However, an increasing effort tolerance could be demonstrated in both patients by reducing the extent of the heart failure (NYHA II/III to NYHA I/II) (Table 2). DISCUSSION. Our two hospitalised patients had clinically intractable angina pectoris and severe manifestations of heart disease corresponding to at least NYHA functional class II-III. Both were unsuitable for operation and showed no improvement on individually titrated maximal oral antianginal drug treatment. During SCS treatment significant improvement was obvious: chest pain, ST-segment depression, and the extent of heart failure could be reduced. Both patients reached a better NYHA functional class, exhibited increased working capacity and reported reductions in anginal attacks and pain. Th
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PMID:[Epidural spinal cord stimulation in therapy-resistant angina pectoris]. 836 77

We studied 25 patients with an acute thalamic stroke (infarct or hemorrhage) on CT or MRI scan and sensory dysfunction, among the 3,628 patients with first-time stroke included in the Lausanne Stroke Registry. Twelve patients had a right-sided infarct, 11 a left-sided infarct, and 2 a left-sided thalamic hemorrhage. Sensory symptoms or signs were the only clinical abnormality. The presumed causes of stroke were small artery disease in 21 patients including both cases of hemorrhage, emboligenic heart disease in 2, while the etiology of ischemic stroke was undetermined in 2 patients. Nine patients had a loss of all modalities of sensation with faciobrachiocrural distribution, 5 patients suffered dissociated sensory loss with faciobrachiocrural distribution and 11 patients showed a dissociated involvement of sensation with a partial distribution pattern. The inferolateral region (thalamogeniculate arteries) was involved in all patients. Six patients complained of pain and/or dysesthesias during the stroke; 5 of them had involvement of the nucleus ventrocaudalis (in 3 with damage to the nucleus ventro-oralis intermedius, and in one to the pulvinar) and 1 patient had involvement of the nucleus ventro-oralis intermedius. Eighteen patients complained of paresthesias in the contralateral part of the body; 16 of them had involvement of the nucleus ventrocaudalis (in 4 with damage to the nucleus ventro-oralis intermedius, in 1 with damage to the nucleus ventro-oralis intermedius, and nucleus ventro-oralis externus, and in one with damage to the nucleus parvocellularis and pulvinar). Four patients developed delayed pain and/or dysesthesias; all of them had involvement of the nucleus ventrocaudalis (in 1 with damage to the nucleus parvocellularis and pulvinar). Time lag from stroke onset to developing pain ranged from 2 to 15 days (mean 10.5 days). One patient with dissociated involvement of sensation with a partial distribution pattern had paresthesias and dissociated hemisensory loss involving position sense without pain and temperature sensations. This patient had involvement of the posterolateral part of the nucleus ventrocaudalis. In conclusion, sensory dysfunction and delayed pain are more often found in thalamic lesions that involve the nucleus ventrocaudalis, and nucleus ventro-oralis intermedius. Restricted sensory abnormalities correlate with very small lesions located in critical areas within these nuclei.
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PMID:Pure sensory syndromes in thalamic stroke. 963 71