Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0018799 (heart disease)
 34,133 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

One hundred seventeen patients undergoing cardiac operations over a two-year period were studied. Electroencephalograms were recorded preoperatively, in the recovery room (up to 12 hours following operation), 24 hours later, and further as required. Operative and anesthesia data were correlated with EEG findings. All patients had normal EEGs preoperatively. This unusual occurrence may largely reflect the absence of congenital heart disease and the small number of valvular lesions in our patients. Prognosis was not significantly influenced by age. Bypass time appeared directly related to outcome by group but not individually. Hypotension prior to pumping occurred most often and mean blood loss was greatest in the patients who had abnormal EEGs in the recovery room with progressively worsening patterns until death. In the recovery room many patients were awake, while others were either drowsy, lethargic, or asleep. Some were comatose. The level of consciousness was not as prognostic as was the EEG. The pattern of EEGs in the first few postoperative days is more important than any single record by itself. All those who showed progressive deterioration in the first two or three days died shortly thereafter.
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PMID:Prognostic value of electroencephalography in cardiac surgery. 111 50

A study was carried out to compare the haemodynamic and respiratory effects, as well as the quality of recovery, of anaesthesia with ketamine, sodium gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GOH) and etomidate in children undergoing cardiac catheterization. Thirty children, mean age 48 +/- 35 months, ranked ASA 2 or 3 on account of congenital heart disease, were assigned to one of three groups (n = 10). They were given: in group E1, a 0.3 mg.kg-1 bolus of etomidate, followed by 0.1 mg.kg-1.min-1 for 10 minutes, and 0.026 mg.kg-1.min-1 thereafter; in group G2, a 50 mg.kg-1 bolus of GOH, and in group K3, a 4 mg.kg-1 bolus of ketamine followed by a continuous infusion of 0.083 mg.kg-1.min-1. The patients breathed spontaneously. Monitoring included heart rate, systolic, diastolic and mean blood pressure, pulse oximetry, and capnography. Femoral venous or arterial catheterization was performed after local anaesthesia (with no more than 2 mg.kg-1 of lidocaine). Measurements were performed before induction, and then 1, 10, 30 and 60 minutes afterwards. The quality of anaesthesia was assessed according to Steward's scale. The investigation lasted between 50 and 100 min in all three groups. There were no significant differences in haemodynamic and respiratory parameters during the investigation between the groups. Recovery was shorter and of better quality in group E1. On the opposite, 30 minutes after the end of the catheterization, all the patients in group K3 were stuporous, with 5 of them displaying involuntary movements. The patients of the other two groups reacted correctly to stimuli, but those in group G2 went back to sleep very rapidly. There were no complications.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Anesthesia for heart catheterization in children. Comparison of 3 techniques]. 178 1

Pneumatosis intestinalis (PI) is a well-recognized manifestation of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in the newborn--a condition that often requires surgical intervention for infarcted bowel. However, little information is available concerning PI in older children or its management. Sixteen older infants and children (greater than 2 months) had x-ray findings of PI (intramural air). There were eight girls and eight boys ranging in age from 2 months to 8 years. Associated conditions included short bowel syndrome (SBS) (8), congenital heart disease (2), iron ingestion (1), nesidioblastosis (1), hemolytic anemia (1), rheumatoid arthritis (1), bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) (1), and malrotation (1). Clinical presentation included abdominal distension (13), bloody diarrhea (12), bilious emesis (5), and lethargy (5). Two patients on steroids had unsuspected PI identified as an incidental operative finding during pancreatectomy for nesidioblastosis (1) and splenectomy for hemolytic anemia (1), respectively. Only four other children (iron toxicity, postcardiac catheterization, rheumatoid arthritis, and BPD required surgical intervention. Each manifested peritioneal irritation, acidosis, and hypotension or had pneumoperitoneum on abdominal x-ray. In ten of 14 patients, PI was managed nonoperatively with nasogastric suction, fluid resuscitation, intravenous (IV) antibiotics (seven to ten days), and repeated abdominal x-ray and physical examinations. Children with SBS comprised 50% of the total number of patients and eight of ten treated by observation. All had associated viral syndromes (rotavirus) or rhotozyme-positive stools and developed bloody diarrhea. There were two deaths (12.5%) in patients with iron toxicity and congenital heart disease who required resection of gangrenous bowel. All of the other patients survived.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Pneumatosis intestinalis in children beyond the neonatal period. 267 35

Four infants with Down syndrome developed cor pulmonale and heart failure in association with chronic upper airway obstruction. Features of the sleep apnea syndrome were conspicuous; namely, noisy breathing with retraction, cyanosis and frequent apnea during sleep, and daytime lethargy and somnolence. The clinical picture masqueraded as cyanotic congenital heart disease. Arterial blood gas analyses revealed alveolar hypoventilation, especially during sleep. The nature of the obstructive element was variable. Adenoidectomy provided partial relief in one patient, and tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy resulted in temporary improvement in two others. Three patients were markedly benefitted by tracheostomy. Functional inspiratory pharyngeal closure was demonstrated fluorographically in one patient. Infants with Down syndrome may be predisposed to upper airway obstruction by virtue of hypoplasia of facial and oropharyngeal structures and generalized hypotonia. Additional obstructive elements may be contributed by hypertrophied lymphoid tissue, excessive secretions, and glossoptosis. Removal of the obstructive element is helpful, but functional obstruction may only be relieved by tracheostomy.
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PMID:Alveolar hypoventilation and cor pulmonale associated with chronic airway obstruction in infants with Down syndrome. 645 3

Sheathed microfilariae (mean length 278 +/- 10 microns SEM; mean width 7.2 +/- 0.8 microns) were detected in the blood of 7/14 housed camels (Camelus dromedarius). Microfilaraemic camels of either sex were inappetent, lethargic, reluctant to move and exhibited weakness in the hind limbs; some remained in sternal recumbency. Cardiac disorders, orchitis and skin nodules were conspicuously absent. The microfilariae showed a biphasic pattern in the blood that peaked at 20:00 and plateaued between 04:00 and 06:00. Adult filarial worms were recovered from the mesenteric and femoral arteries. Marked clinical improvement within 1-2 weeks was seen in three camels treated at 10:00 with a single subcutaneous injection of 0.2 mg/kg of ivermectin. These camels became amicrofilaraemic 2-5 days after treatment and remained so for the length of the observation period (133 days). Treatment of two camels at the time of high microfilaraemia (06:30) resulted in adverse reaction and death.
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PMID:An outbreak of cameline filariasis in the Sudan. 848 44

RSV is the most important respiratory pathogen in infants and young children. About 1% of primary RSV infections result in hospitalization. The virus is spread by large droplets of secretions or contact with contaminated secretions. Infants infected with RSV may demonstrate poor feeding, rhinorrhea, apnea, lethargy, wheezing, and respiratory distress. Diagnosis may be made by clinical signs and symptoms (especially those observed during epidemics), by chest radiographs showing hyperinflation, or by rapid antigen detection with immunofluorescence of nasopharyngeal aspirates. Risk factors for severe disease accompanied by complications include chronic heart disease, chronic lung disease, immunodeficiency, HIV, and prematurity. Immunity is incomplete and of short duration, and reinfection is common. Treatment remains supportive and consists of oxygen administration, hydration, and diligent monitoring. Use of corticosteroids, bronchodilators, antibiotics, and ribavirin is controversial and is dependent largely on physician preference. Use of ribavirin should be reserved for patients who have severe underlying conditions associated with increased mortality rates. Intravenous RSV Ig has been replaced by palivizumab, which is generally recommended for infants at high risk for severe RSV, including those with a history of prematurity and those with chronic lung disease.
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PMID:RSV infection in infants and young children. What's new in diagnosis, treatment, and prevention? 1060 68

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) has been described as the single most important virus causing acute respiratory infections, especially bronchiolitis and pneumonia, in children. The most severe infections affect the youngest infants and well-defined high-risk groups, including infants with a history of premature birth, and those with chronic lung disease, congenital heart disease, cystic fibrosis and immunodeficiency. It has been reported that approximately 1/3 of high-risk children hospitalized with RSV infection are admitted to the intensive care unit, while the need for mechanical ventilation and mortality rate are increased in infants with underlying cardiac disease or chronic lung disease. The majority of infants hospitalized for RSV lower respiratory tract infection develop one complication or more, which have an impact on hospital length of stay and costs. A relatively uncommon complication consisting of seizures and other neurologic abnormalities such as lethargy, irritability and abnormal tone has been sporadically reported in infants and children with RSV respiratory infection. A recent study first focused on the association between RSV bronchiolitis and an encephalopathic process occurring in the form of a seizures disorder. This transient neurologic complication seems to be frequently associated with an abnormal EEG pattern, but no anatomic brain damages have been shown. Little is known about the long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes of children developing RSV-related encephalopathy, so a prolonged period of neurologic follow up can be recommended.
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PMID:Acute encephalopathy associated with respiratory syncytial virus infections in childhood. A literature review. 1617 Feb 98

Two male castrated Whippet littermates were presented at 1 year of age for pallor, tachycardia, systolic heart murmur, dark yellow to orange feces, intermittent lethargy, pigmenturia, and muscle shivering or cramping after exercise. Persistent macrocytic hypochromic anemia with marked reticulocytosis and metarubricytosis was found when CBC results were compared with reference values for Whippets. Increased serum creatine kinase activity and hyperkalemia also were sometimes present over the 4-year period of evaluation. Progressively increasing serum concentrations of N-terminal prohormone brain natriuretic peptide suggested cardiac disease. Erythrocytes from the whippets were less osmotically fragile but more alkaline fragile than those from control dogs. Erythrocyte phosphofructokinase (PFK) activities and 2,3-diphosphoglycerate concentrations were decreased. Restriction enzyme-based DNA test screening and DNA sequencing revealed the same mutation in the muscle-PFK gene of the Whippets as seen in English Springer Spaniel dogs with PFK deficiency. This is the first report of PFK deficiency in Whippet dogs. In addition to causing hemolysis and exertional myopathy, heart disease may be a prominent clinical component of PFK deficiency in this breed and has not been previously recognized in PFK-deficient English Springer Spaniels.
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PMID:Hemolysis, myopathy, and cardiac disease associated with hereditary phosphofructokinase deficiency in two Whippets. 1922 57

This prospective study was undertaken in Dhaka Shishu hospital, Bangladesh from 15th Oct. 2005 to 15th October 2006 to determine the Risk factors, Clinical manifestation and bacteriological profile of neonatal sepsis. Eighty suspected cases of septicaemia admitted in neonatal ward of Dhaka Shishu Hospital were included in this study. Patients, who had history of perinatal asphyxia, congenital cyanotic heart disease etc. were excluded from the study. Thirty neonates without signs & symptoms of septicaemia admitted for other causes like jaundice, feeding problems etc. were taken as a control group. After taking informed consent, detailed history was obtained from mother or relatives accompanying the baby. Hematological investigations like total WBC count, differential count, absolute neutrophil count, band cell count, platelet count, CRP, blood culture were done. Low socioeconomic conditions, place of delivery, low birth weight, prolong rupture of membrane appears to be the principal predisposing factors for neonatal sepsis. Clinical presentation includes reluctant to feed (96.7%), lethargy (73.4%), abdominal distention (70%), Hypothermia (40%), Jaundice (50%) are more common. Predominant organism was gram negative. Among them: Klebsiella (60%), Serratia (20%), Acenetobactor (13.3%). This isolates were most often sensitive to third generation cephalosporin. Imipenam is highly sensitive and is recommended when other therapy fails. Periodic surveillance for agent of infection & their antimicrobial sensitivity profile is recommended.
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PMID:Risk factors, clinical manifestation and bacteriological profile of neonatal sepsis in a tertiary level pediatric hospital. 1937 35

We report on a 17-year-old female patient with anorexia nervosa (AN), who developed electrocardiographic abnormalities consisting of sinus arrest and junctional escape rhythm. She had complaints of general fatigue, lethargy, sweating, and nausea resulting from voluntary weight loss of more than 30 kg during the past six months. Her body weight was 40 kg, heart rate was 44 bpm, and blood pressure was 90/50 mmHg, and she had signs of dehydration. The electrocardiogram showed a junctional rhythm at 44 bpm, no P wave, QRS width of 60 msec, QT of 440 msec, QTc of 400 msec, and QU of 600 msec. Laboratory findings were normal except for hypokalemia. Management consisted of a multidisciplinary team approach with a re-feeding program together with psychiatric and dietary assistance. Due to the absence of atrioventricular node conduction disease and/or structural heart disease, pacemaker implantation was not considered. This management plan resulted in a successful outcome with return to sinus rhythm within 24 hours of admission.
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PMID:Management of sinus node dysfunction with junctional escape rhythm in a case of anorexia nervosa. 2120 2


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