Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0018799 (heart disease)
 34,133 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The outcome of surgical palliation was evaluated in 26 children with complex cyanotic congenital heart disease. Outcome was examined in terms of ongoing symptoms, exercise tolerance, and the ability to participate in normal childhood activities. An activity score was calculated and each child performed graded treadmill exercise testing. Breathlessness (24 (92%) children), respiratory infections (nine (35%) children), and leg cramps (eight 31%) children) were the most common physical disorders. Although formal exercise testing showed a clear reduction in exercise tolerance compared with age and sex matched controls, palliation had allowed 23 (89%) to function with moderate exercise limitation, three (11%) having severely limited activity. Parents underestimated the child's exercise tolerance in 80% of cases. Sixteen (62%) patients attended school full time, eight (31%) attended part time, and two (8%) received only home tuition. Palliative surgery can give children with a single functional ventricle a level of activity which allows them to take part in most childhood activities. Subjective estimates of exercise tolerance are inaccurate in this group of children, and formal exercise testing can contribute useful information to decision making about further surgical intervention.
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PMID:Quality of life in surgically palliated complex congenital heart disease. 752 84

The pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, clinical efficacy, adverse effects, and therapeutic role of raloxifene hydrochloride are reviewed. Raloxifene is a selective estrogen-receptor modulator (SERM) that has been approved for use in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. A SERM interacts with estrogen receptors, functioning as an agonist in some tissues and an antagonist in other tissues. Because of their unique pharmacologic properties, these agents can achieve the desired effects of estrogen without the possible stimulatory effects on the breasts or uterus. Raloxifene is rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and undergoes extensive first-pass glucuronidation. Approximately 60% of a dose is absorbed; however, absolute bioavailability is only 2%. The volume of distribution is 2348 L/kg for a single oral dose of 30-150 mg, and the elimination half-life averages 32.5 hours. In clinical trials in postmenopausal women, raloxifene had an estrogen-like effect on bone turnover and increased bone mineral density. It reduced the risk of fractures in women with osteoporosis. Raloxifene also seemed to reduce the risk of breast cancer and positively influenced blood lipid markers of cardiovascular disease. Raloxifene is generally well tolerated; the most common adverse effects are hot flashes and leg cramps. A serious adverse effect is venous thromboembolism. The recommended dosage is 60 mg/day orally without regard to meals. Ultimately, it will be information on cardiovascular or breast cancer benefits that will determine the future role of raloxifene. Raloxifene is an alternative to traditional hormone replacement therapy for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis in selected postmenopausal women. More study is needed to verify possible benefits related to heart disease and breast cancer.
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PMID:Raloxifene hydrochloride. 1100 95

A 71-year-old woman was admitted to the Wakayama Medical University Hospital with dizziness and loss of body balance. She had started hemodialysis at the age of 70. During the 33 days before admission, she received oral tizanidine hydrochloride at 3 mg/day for leg cramps. An admission electrocardiogram (ECG) demonstrated sinus bradycardia of 47 bpm. A 24-h ECG showed a total number of heartbeats of 68,779 and an average heart rate of 48 bpm. The maximum RR interval was 3720 msec. The electrophysiology test demonstrated slight sinus node dysfunction. There was no major organic heart disease. We suspected that tizanidine was the cause of bradycardia and stopped administration of this drug. After discontinuation symptoms gradually disappeared. The serum concentration of the tizanidine showed a higher trough of 1.78 ng/mL. In conclusion, because there was a disappearance of symptoms and a lightening of bradycardia due to the discontinuation of this medication, tizanidine was strongly suspected as the cause of severe bradycardia.
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PMID:Symptomatic bradycardia probably due to tizanidine hydrochloride in a chronic hemodialysis patient. 1582 11