Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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 34,133 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We reviewed our initial institutional experience with the use of stereotactic hypofractionated radiation therapy (SFRT) in patients with stage I non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Thirty patients with inoperable stage I non-small cell lung cancer due to a severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and/or chronic heart disease (Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status of 0-2) were treated between December 2000 and October 2003 with SFRT in curative intent. Infiltration of locoregional lymph nodes and distant metastases were ruled out by computerized tomography (CT) scan of the brain, thorax, and abdomen, and by whole body FDG-positron emission tomography scan in all patients. Total RT doses ranged from 24.0 to 37.5 Gy, given in 3-5 fractions to the 60% isodose encompassing the planning target volume. Immobilization was carried out by a vacuum couch and a low-pressure foil. The clinical target volume was the tumor as it appeared in lung windowing on lung CT scan. Organ movements (caused by breathing; range, 6-22 mm) and reproducibility of patient positioning in the couch (range, 3-12 mm) were calculated by sequential CT and orthogonal films. The individual values were taken into account as a safety margin for the definition of the planning target volume (PTV). The median follow-up of living patients is 18 months (range, 6-38 months). As maximum response, there were 10 (33%) complete responses (CRs) and 14 (47%) partial responses (PRs), resulting in a total response rate of 80%. Stable disease was observed in 6 (20%) patients, while no patient experienced progressive disease. During follow-up, 2 (7%) local recurrences were observed (after 17 and 18 months, respectively). Of 5 (17%) patients who developed distant metastasis, 1 patient developed it in liver (3 months), another one in brain (6 months), and another one in the lung (36 months), while 2 patients developed it in mediastinal lymph nodes (after 8, and 11 months, respectively) only. Of 9 (30%) patients who have died, only 3 (10%) died of cancer, while 6 (20%) died of cancer-unrelated or unknown causes. Acute side effects were mild and affected 9 (33%) patients during the RT course (fatigue being the most frequent one in 6 patients). There were 22 acute events occurring in 19 (63%) patients during the first 3 months post-SFRT, the most frequent one being pneumonitis observed in 14 (46%) patients. However, there was only one (3%) grade 3 acute toxicity and no patient experienced greater than grade 3 toxicity during this study. One (3%) patient experienced rib fracture as the late event. SFRT is a feasible and safe treatment method in inoperable patients with stage I NSCLC having reduced lung capacity. Longer follow-up is necessary to get robust data on late toxicity as well as survival.
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PMID:Stereotactic hypofractionated radiation therapy for stage I non-small cell lung cancer. 1577 77

Two studies are reported, which aim to strengthen the scientific underpinning of strategic decisions regarding functional food development, as to (1) which health benefits to claim, (2) with which product (category), and (3) in which communication format. The first exploratory study is a secondary analysis of 10 different health claims systematically combined with 10 different food carriers to evaluate their combined suitability for functional food positioning. The results show that consumers tend to prefer functional food concepts that primarily communicate disease-related health benefits in carriers with a healthy image or health positioning history. Study 2 examines health claim format and systematically varies the way in which specific health benefits are being communicated to the consumer. Two physiologically oriented claims (heart disease and osteoporosis) and two psychologically oriented food claims (stress and lack of energy) are expressed in enhanced function format versus disease risk reduction format. Also, it includes the individual difference variable of 'regulatory focus' and the health status of the respondent to explore how these factors impact health claim evaluation. The results show that consumer evaluations primarily differ to the extent that health claims are personally relevant in addressing an experienced disease state. Framing is important, but its effect differs by health benefit. No strong effects for consumers' regulatory focus were found. Underlying mechanisms of these effects and their implications for the development of functional foods are discussed.
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PMID:Functional foods: health claim-food product compatibility and the impact of health claim framing on consumer evaluation. 1589 4

This study measured work limitations and work adjustments among chronically ill employees with regard to three distinct job characteristics: physical work demands, cognitive work demands and social work demands. The study presents findings from an organizational-based survey, from which 610 respondents reported managing employees with a chronic illness. These included arthritis, musculoskeletal pain, diabetes, asthma, migraine, heart disease, irritable bowel syndrome and depression. The results indicate that depression had the largest impact in all three work demand categories, while musculoskeletal pain principally affected physical work demands and migraine and diabetes largely affected cognitive work demands. For other chronic illnesses, it was the generic symptoms of the illness (for example, fatigue) that resulted in a work limitation, rather than the specific nature of the illness itself. Employer work adjustments were available to those people with illnesses that required a physical work adjustment (for example, musculoskeletal pain). For other chronic illnesses, with the exception of depression, disclosing an illness was the strongest predictor for work adjustments in cognitive tasks and the provision of social support. Those with depression were least likely to receive a cognitive work adjustment, indicating either a low disclosure rate in this group or that employers' perceptions of depression may be a barrier to providing suitable work adjustments.
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PMID:Work limitations and employer adjustments for employees with chronic illness. 1590 Jan 80

Left ventriculoatrial fistula is a very rare cardiac disorder. The case is reported of a male patient who was admitted to the authors' clinic with dyspnea and fatigue. The patient had an atrioventricular fistula between the left atrium and left ventricle, and had undergone aortic valve re-replacement for prosthesis malfunction about one year previously. The fistula was considered to be the result of iatrogenic injury related to valve re-replacement surgery.
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PMID:Iatrogenic left atrioventricular fistula after aortic valve re-replacement. 1624 12

Little attention has been paid to the symptom management needs of patients with life-threatening diseases other than cancer. In this study, we aimed to determine to what extent patients with progressive chronic diseases have similar symptom profiles. A systematic search of medical databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, and PsycINFO) and textbooks identified 64 original studies reporting the prevalence of 11 common symptoms among end-stage patients with cancer, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), heart disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or renal disease. Analyzing the data in a comparative table (a grid), we found that the prevalence of the 11 symptoms was often widely but homogeneously spread across the five diseases. Three symptoms-pain, breathlessness, and fatigue-were found among more than 50% of patients, for all five diseases. There appears to be a common pathway toward death for malignant and nonmalignant diseases. The designs of symptom prevalence studies need to be improved because of methodological disparities in symptom assessment and designs.
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PMID:A comparison of symptom prevalence in far advanced cancer, AIDS, heart disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and renal disease. 1644 83

Cordyceps sinensis, a well-known and valued traditional Chinese medicine, is also called DongChongXiaCao (winter worm summer grass) in Chinese. It is commonly used to replenish the kidney and soothe the lung for the treatment of fatigue, night sweating, hyposexualities, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, asthemia after severe illness, respiratory disease, renal dysfunction and renal failure, arrhythmias and other heart disease, and liver disease. As the rarity and upstanding curative effects of natural Cordyceps, several mycelial strains have been isolated from natural Cordyceps and manufactured in large quantities by fermentation technology, and they are commonly sold as health food products in Asia. In addition, some substitutes such as Cordyceps militaris also have been used and adulterants also confused the market. Therefore, quality control of C. sinensis and its products is very important to ensure their safety and efficacy. Herein, markers and analytical methods for quality control of Cordyceps were reviewed and discussed.
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PMID:Quality control of Cordyceps sinensis, a valued traditional Chinese medicine. 1650 49

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a pathological condition of the small pulmonary arteries. PAH is characterized histopathologically by vasoconstriction, vascular proliferation, in situ thrombosis, and remodeling of all 3 levels of the vascular walls. These pathologic changes result in progressive increases in the mean pulmonary-artery pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance, which, if untreated, leads to right-ventricular failure and death. PAH can be associated with multiple conditions or risk factors (eg, collagen vascular diseases, liver disease, human immunodeficiency virus, congenital heart disease, or ingestion of certain medications or toxins) or it can be idiopathic. Up to 10% of the idiopathic cases are familial. Regardless of the etiology, the clinical presentation, histopathologic lesions, and response to therapy are all similar. Early in the disease process, the signs and symptoms of PAH are often subtle and nonspecific, making diagnosis challenging. Patients most often present with progressively worsening dyspnea and fatigue. An extensive evaluation is indicated to diagnose PAH, decipher its etiology, and determine long-term treatment goals. Transthoracic echocardiogram is an excellent screening tool to evaluate PAH, but every patient requires a right-side heart catheterization to help stage the disease and guide therapy. Prior to a decade ago, clinicians were only able to offer symptomatic therapy to this challenging group of patients. Earlier diagnosis, rapidly advancing understanding of the pathogenesis, and an increasing number of treatment options have changed the course of PAH, which was once thought to be invariably fatal.
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PMID:Diagnosis and management of pulmonary arterial hypertension: Implications for respiratory care. 1656 91

Several of the physical symptoms and illnesses related to HIV disease and its treatment--such as fatigue, weight changes, memory loss, depression, and atherosclerosis--mimic typical age-related health problems. It is estimated that at least 10% of HIV positive people in the United States are 50 years of age or older--a number that will certainly increase as people with HIV live longer thanks to effective antiretroviral therapy. For older women, sorting out the interplay between HIV, aging, and the side effects of medications can be very difficult. Many health problems are exacerbated by smoking, obesity, and poor health behaviors that can lead to an increased risk of illness or death. This article addresses two common health risks in aging women with HIV: heart disease and osteoporosis.
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PMID:Women and HIV. Aging with HIV. 1661 Jan 17

Heart disease is the number one killer in the USA. In Jordan, cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death, and about 34.5% of women die of cardiovascular disease as compared with 44.25% of men. The differences between men and women in heart disease, such as signs and symptoms presentation, diagnostic and therapeutic interventions, are becoming more apparent in the literature. There is a dearth of research regarding gender differences among Jordanian myocardial infarction (MI) patients. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to explore the differences between Jordanian men and women in signs and symptoms presentation of MI and follow-up care. A convenience sample of 83 patients (26 women and 57 men) who were diagnosed with MI, mentally competent and haemodynamically stable were used to explore the research questions. An interview guide and chart audit were used to elicit information about initial and associated signs and symptoms and treatment plan of MI patients. Chest pain was the most common initial symptom in both men and women. The four most common associated signs and symptoms reported by both men and women were general weakness, sweating, nausea and fatigue. However, women experienced more general weakness and sweating compared with men. Women were less likely to receive intravenous nitroglycerin, heparin and thrombolytic therapy for the treatment of MI. Chest pain was the initial symptom of MI reported by men and women. Although similarities exist in the associated sings and symptoms, women might experience different associated signs and symptoms from men. Despite these similarities, women are still less likely than men to receive the therapeutic regimen used for men.
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PMID:Gender differences in signs and symptoms presentation and treatment of Jordanian myocardial infarction patients. 1683 80

Atrial fibrillation is the most common arrhythmia encountered in clinical practice. The associated hemodynamic changes can lead to symptoms of palpitations, fatigue, light-headedness, or dyspnea. Extensive research in the use of antiarrhythmic drugs has been performed both to facilitate the conversion of atrial fibrillation to sinus rhythm and to maintain normal sinus rhythm. The relative merits of a rhythm control versus rate control strategy are briefly discussed. Efficacy of the available agents for pharmacologic cardioversion is reviewed in detail. Important drugs for maintenance of sinus rhythm include amiodarone, flecainide, propafenone, sotalol, and dofetilide. Selection of the appropriate antiarrhythmic drug must be individualized to the clinical situation, with Class IC drugs being first-line agents in the absence of structural heart disease. Regardless of agent selected, appropriate monitoring for development of adverse effects is of utmost importance.
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PMID:Atrial fibrillation: choosing an antiarrhythmic drug. 1695 53


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