Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0018799 (heart disease)
 34,133 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Twenty-two cases of sub-tentorium cerebral abscesses were observed in children. The first clinical symptoms were those of intracranial hypertension, disorders of consciousness, specially somnolence, fever and low general condition. Focal neurological signs were frequent but appeared later. A cerebral abscess should be suspected when such symptoms occur in children with heart disease or with respiratory infection. Simple investigations like examination of the fundi, X-ray of the skull and EEG give valuable clues. In case of such a clinical picture, lumbar puncture is useless and often dangerous. The best diagnostic test is a cerebral scintigram.
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PMID:[Sub-tentorial cerebral abscesses in children; a report of 22 cases]. 66 21

This study includes 3000 patients undergoing MR imaging, all of them conscious, with no history of alcoholism, drug addiction, heart disease, or schizophrenia. During the course of the MR study, panic attacks occurred in 46 subjects, which prevented continuation of the examination. An IV bolus injection of diazepam was administered, which enabled completion of the examination in all 46 cases. The expected effects of a high blood level of diazepam, such as somnolence, slow reactions, overrelaxation, and inhibition of breathing, were not observed. The panic attacks disappeared rapidly after the injection. The patients agreed to a repeat MR examination under similar conditions, if necessary.
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PMID:Panic attacks during MR imaging: treatment with i.v. diazepam. 211 78

The effects of enalapril maleate were studied in a group of 6 patients with arterial hypertension, hypertensive cardiopathy, multiple metabolic disorders and habitual snoring. Earlier treatment with antihypertensive drugs (diuretics, antiadrenergics, calcium antagonists) had been suspended when a marked deterioration was noted in metabolic parameters and plasmatic electrolytes as well as extremely disturbed sleep. The latter is probably attributable to increased respiratory obstruction during the night as a result of the increased hypertonia of the muscles of the upper air ways due to low blood potassium as well as the central and peripheral effects of the antiadrenergic drugs. After the wash-out period there was a marked improvement in laboratory parameters that continued after treatment with enalapril maleate. In particular, apart from a further slight fall in blood cholesterol and uricaemia there was a statistically significant drop in triglyceride levels. The improvement in the laboratory parameters made it possible to reduce the doses of the drugs being taken for the metabolic disorders. A distinct improvement was also noted in the sleep disturbances especially the excessive drowsiness during the day. There was also a statistically significant drop in arterial, systolic, diastolic and mean blood pressure without any significant change in heart beat. The results indicate that enalapril maleate should be the treatment of choice for those patients in whom high blood pressure is accompanied by alterations to the main metabolic parameters and habitual snoring.
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PMID:[Treatment with enalapril maleate in patients with arterial hypertension, pluri-metabolic syndrome and habitual snoring]. 282 86

Snoring usually is trivial and unimportant, but it can turn into a social or medical problem. Obesity, hypertension and heart disease are more frequent among snorers than among nonsnorers, and especially snorers with hypersomnia during the day are at risk. Hypersomnia in association with snoring usually signifies obstructive sleep apnea. Increased resistance in the upper airways, together with negative inspiratory pharyngeal pressure and muscular hypotonia during deep non-REM and REM sleep, lead to collapse of the pharynx, hypoxia and hypercapnia. Only after arousal from sleep does muscle tone return, pharyngeal obstruction reopen and airflow resume. Since this process can occur 300 or 400 times a night, repetitive alveolar hypoventilation leads to pulmonary-arterial hypertension and cor pulmonale, and the repetitive sympathetic activations can cause systemic hypertension or serious cardiac arrhythmias. The countless arousals deprive the sufferer of deep non-REM and REM sleep and their consequence is sleep fragmentation. The symptoms are excessive daytime sleepiness, intellectual deterioration and personality and behavioral changes. Oronasomaxillofacial, endocrine and neuromuscular anomalies and diseases predispose to sleep apnea, and alcohol or CNS-depressant drugs can favour its occurrence. Diagnosis is made by nighttime oxymetry, and if this is abnormal, by polysomnography. After polysomnography it is possible to distinguish between obstructive and nonobstructive sleep apnea, and the decisions for an adequate treatment can be made.
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PMID:[Dangerous snoring. Sleep-apnea syndrome]. 331 92

Sleep apnea syndrome is a relatively common disease, with an overwhelmingly male predominance. The female:male ratio is about 1:15-20, depending on the specific age group. In light of findings linking sleep apnea syndrome to essential hypertension, it is hypothesized that the syndrome may contribute to the sex differential in mortality. In most of the developed countries women have longer life expectancy than men even after adjustment for various lifestyles and biologica variables Mortality from heart disease accounts for 40% of the total sex differential. The fact that the 2-5 fold sex differential for heart disease mortality is reduced to much lesser extent by multivariate adjustment than the sex differential for mortality from all causes, and that it is minimally affected by the exclusion of all persons with a history of chronic diseases, indicates that other risk factors should be sought. I propose the hypothesis that Sleep Apnea Syndrome (SAS), which almost exclusively affects males, contributes to the sex differential in mortality from coronary heart disease. Sleep Apnea Syndrome is a relatively common disease. It is the most preponderant finding among patients referred to diagnostic sleep laboratories, particularly among patients complaining of excessive daytime sleepiness. Its incidence among the adult male population (age greater than 21 years) was estimated to be at least 1-1.5%. It is considerably higher than that, at least 5 to 7 fold, in the 40 to 60 years age group, and in specific high-risk populations such as the morbidly obese. The female:male ratio is about 1:15-20, depending on the specific age group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Sleep apnea syndrome: is it a contributing factor to the sex differential in mortality? 364 99

Four infants with Down syndrome developed cor pulmonale and heart failure in association with chronic upper airway obstruction. Features of the sleep apnea syndrome were conspicuous; namely, noisy breathing with retraction, cyanosis and frequent apnea during sleep, and daytime lethargy and somnolence. The clinical picture masqueraded as cyanotic congenital heart disease. Arterial blood gas analyses revealed alveolar hypoventilation, especially during sleep. The nature of the obstructive element was variable. Adenoidectomy provided partial relief in one patient, and tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy resulted in temporary improvement in two others. Three patients were markedly benefitted by tracheostomy. Functional inspiratory pharyngeal closure was demonstrated fluorographically in one patient. Infants with Down syndrome may be predisposed to upper airway obstruction by virtue of hypoplasia of facial and oropharyngeal structures and generalized hypotonia. Additional obstructive elements may be contributed by hypertrophied lymphoid tissue, excessive secretions, and glossoptosis. Removal of the obstructive element is helpful, but functional obstruction may only be relieved by tracheostomy.
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PMID:Alveolar hypoventilation and cor pulmonale associated with chronic airway obstruction in infants with Down syndrome. 645 3

A retrospective case note survey of 67 surgically proven cases of intracranial abscess formation has been carried out. Males predominated, especially in the third decade. Only 15 per cent had a predisposing condition such as cyanotic heart disease though the majority had some evidence of a systemic infection or fever. A peripheral leucocytosis and elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) were also more frequently encountered than in a comparable group of cases of cerebral tumour. Despite these pointers to an infective process the correct diagnosis was commonly not considered on admission. Headache, vomiting, drowsiness and focal symptoms sometimes accompanied by focal or generalized seizures remain the classical features in the history, with papilloedema and focal signs commonly found in a drowsy ill-looking patient. Many individuals failed to show all these features however. The progressive nature of the clinical picture should itself be enough to prompt urgent referral for investigation, electro-encephalography, nuclear scanning and CT scanning all being reliable.
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PMID:The clinical presentation of intracranial abscesses. 715 24

Prescribing tricyclic antidepressants presents potential hazards to patients with heart disease, glaucoma, prostatic hypertrophy and epilepsy for their symptoms may be aggravated. Mianserin, on the other hand, has little effect on the heart and the parasympathetic nervous system and this drug may be used safely in these circumstances. Tricyclic antidepressants and mianserin also differ in their toxicity when taken in overdose. Poisoning with mianserin rarely causes more than drowsiness except when other drugs have been taken. In contrast overdose with tricyclic antidepressants frequently causes epileptic convulsions, arhythmias, hypotension, and anticholinergic signs. Death occurs in 2-3% of overdoses, usually due to cardiovascular collapse, respiratory depression or status epileptic's either alone or in combination.
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PMID:[Depressed patients and their treatment. Therapeutic mistakes and toxicity (author's transl)]. 731 62

We report two patients with solitary thalamic abscesses, occurring among 91 consecutive patients (2.2%) with computed tomography (CT)-diagnosed and surgically-verified brain abscess experienced in our college during 1975 to 1991. A 9-year-old girl with congenital heart disease experienced frequent vomiting followed by left hemiparesis and deterioration of consciousness. CT demonstrated a right thalamic ring-enhanced lesion. Purulent material was aspirated via a burr hole. She died of heart failure on the 5th postoperative day. Autopsy disclosed diffuse brain swelling and an encapsulated abscess in the right thalamus, which had ruptured into the third ventricle. A 30-year-old female experienced headache, nausea, and vomiting, which progressed to somnolence and right hemiparesis. CT demonstrated a left thalamic ring-enhanced lesion. Purulent material was aspirated by stereotactic procedures. All symptoms had resolved by the end of the 2nd postoperative week.
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PMID:Solitary pyogenic thalamic abscess--two case reports. 750 3

Much has been written about snoring and its affects on health, in particular its possible influence on cardiovascular disease. However, there are many assumptions made when linking the report of snoring to any consequences such as hypertension, heart disease or stroke. In particular it is not clear how snoring might influence the cardiovascular system, whether subjective reports of snoring are accurate, and snoring might only be acting as a marker for some common risk factor such as upper body obesity; a particular risk factor for cardiovascular disease, and through neck circumference, snoring. There is much better evidence that snoring is an important cause of sleepiness, even in the absence of conventional sleep apnoea.
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PMID:Epidemiology of snoring and its consequences. 761 44


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