Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0018799 (heart disease)
 34,133 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Deaths from infectious diseases have declined markedly in the United States during the 20th century. This decline contributed to a sharp drop in infant and child mortality and to the 29.2-year increase in life expectancy. In 1900, 30.4% of all deaths occurred among children aged <5 years; in 1997, that percentage was only 1.4%. In 1900, the three leading causes of death were pneumonia, tuberculosis (TB), and diarrhea and enteritis, which (together with diphtheria) caused one third of all deaths. Of these deaths, 40% were among children aged <5 years. In 1997, heart disease and cancers accounted for 54.7% of all deaths, with 4.5% attributable to pneumonia, influenza, and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Despite this overall progress, one of the most devastating epidemics in human history occurred during the 20th century: the 1918 influenza pandemic that resulted in 20 million deaths, including 500,000 in the United States, in <1 year-more than have died in as short a time during any war or famine in the world. HIV infection, first recognized in 1981, has caused a pandemic that is still in progress, affecting 33 million people and causing an estimated 13.9 million deaths. These episodes illustrate the volatility of infectious disease death rates and the unpredictability of disease emergence.
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PMID:Control of infectious diseases. 1045 35

The most common toxicity in clinical trials with 5-FU, in mono or polychemotherapy, is stomatitis, diarrhea, hand-foot syndrome. In this case report, the 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) cardiotoxicity, an uncommon 5-FU-related toxicity, has been investigated. Cardiotoxicity reports are uncommon because the problem is not well known. This study is also a review of the recent literature and it recommend to take care in prescribing chemotherapy to patients with heart disease history.
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PMID:[Acute cardiotoxicity from 5-fluorouracil: un underestimated toxicity]. 1058 38

Fungal endocarditis in children is most commonly a complication of palliative or curative surgery for congenital heart disease, rheumatic valvulitis and prolonged indwelling central venous and umbilical catheters. We describe here the case of a 3-y-old patient with chronic diarrhoea and prolonged total parenteral alimentation who developed severe C. tropicalis endocarditis and was treated successfully using a liposomal preparation of amphotericin-B (AmBisome) without surgical intervention.
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PMID:Successful non-surgical treatment of Candida tropicalis endocarditis with liposomal amphotericin-B (AmBisome). 1071 84

Carcinoid syndrome originates from metastatic carcinoid tumors localized in the gastrointestinal system, pancreas, biliary vessels, bronchi, ovaries, and testes; it is characterized by flushing, telangiectasias, diarrhea, bronchoconstriction, and fibrous endocardial plaques in the heart. Cardiac involvement is detected by echocardiography in over 50% of patients with this syndrome. Right-sided valvular heart disease occurs frequently in patients with carcinoid syndrome, involving most commonly the tricuspid and pulmonary valves. Involvement of the left-sided valves rarely occurs. Medical therapy for carcinoid heart disease includes digitalis and diuretics for congestive heart failure symptoms; the effects of carcinoid syndrome can be treated with the use of somatostatin analogues. Conventional chemotherapy has been of little beneficial value, with response rates of only 10% to 30%. The use of octreotide, a long-acting and potent somatostatin analogue, is a major advance in the management of carcinoid tumors. In addition to providing effective symptom relief in malignant carcinoid syndrome, octreotide can also be used for diagnostic purposes. Despite its expense, octreotide is the current agent of choice for the treatment of this condition. Analogues with different receptor specificities and pharmacokinetics hold promise for the future. Valve surgery is the only definitive treatment for intractable right-sided heart failure. Although cardiac surgery carries high perioperative mortality, marked symptomatic improvement occurs in survivors. Surgical intervention therefore should be considered in the appropriate patients when cardiac symptoms become severe. Balloon valvulotomy in patients with severe pulmonary artery stenosis often results in palliation of symptoms; however, surgery still is required often in these patients.
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PMID:Carcinoid Heart Disease. 1109 44

In Turkey, familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) is an important cause of nephrotic syndrome and endstage renal disease due to renal deposition of AA type amyloid. We report a case of living-related donor renal transplant recipient with FMF and renal AA type amyloidosis, who died of progressive heart failure due to cardiac involvement. The patient also had intractable diarrhea caused by biopsy-proven intestinal amyloidosis. The patient was on 1 mg/day colchicine. Although he was attack-free throughout the post-transplant period, intestinal and clinically significant cardiac amyloidosis, which implied the presence of sustained inflammation and continuing amyloid deposition, appeared three years after renal transplantation. Cardiac deposition of AA amyloid may cause clinically significant heart disease, leading to cardiovascular mortality after renal transplantation for end-stage renal disease in FMF patients.
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PMID:Cardiac and intestinal amyloidosis in a renal transplant recipient with familial Mediterranean fever. 1141 Oct 14

The patient was a 46-year-old man with a history of syncope attack after diarrhea. Nonsustained polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (PVT) initiated by short-coupled premature ventricular complex was detected by Holter monitoring. No organic heart disease was found, and the QT interval during sinus rhythm was normal. It was thought that the PVT might be related to hypokalemia, so electrophysiological studies were performed under the condition of hypokalemia (K=3.4mmol/L), after potassium loading (K=4.2mmol/L) and after oral amiodarone therapy. Under the condition of hypokalemia, nonsustained PVT occurred spontaneously, and the monophasic action potential duration at 90% repolarization (MAPD90) at the right ventricular apex was very short (175 ms). The MAPD90 returned to normal after loading potassium (230ms) and after oral amiodarone therapy (240ms), and PVT no longer occurred. With continued oral amiodarone and spironolactone therapy, the patient has been free of syncope attack over a follow-up period of 5 years.
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PMID:Torsade de pointes with a normal QT interval associated with hypokalemia: a case report. 1150 56

Gastroenteropancreatic (GEP) neoplasms originate from any of the various cell types belonging to the neuroendocrine system. A general characteristic of GEP endocrine tumours is that the vast majority produce and secrete a multitude of peptide hormones and amines. Many patients with malignant metastasising tumours present clinical symptoms related to hormone hyperproduction. These include the so-called carcinoid syndrome, characterised by flushing, diarrhoea, wheezing and right heart disease, which is predominantly associated with the serotonin- and tachykinins-producing carcinoids of the midgut. Several types of syndrome associated with GEP endocrine tumors are caused by overproduction of a specific hormone. For instance, the well-known Zollinger-Ellison syndrome is gastrin-mediated. The so-called 'insulinoma syndrome' depends on excessive production of insulin and proinsulin, resulting in hypoglycemia. The 'glucagonoma syndrome' is characterised by necrolytic migratory erythema, diabetes and diarrhoea. The Verner-Morrison syndrome, which is brought about by high circulating levels of vasointestinal peptide (VIP). produces severe secretory diarrhoea. Finally the 'somatostatinoma syndrome' involves gallbladder dysfunction and gallstones, diarrhoea with or without steatorrhea, and impaired glucose tolerance. The biochemical diagnosis of endocrine digestive tumors is based on general and specific markers. The best general markers are chromogranin A (CgA) and pancreatic polypeptide (PP). Specific markers for endocrine tumors include insulin, gastrin, glucagon, vaso intestinal polypeptide (VIP), somatostatin and the primary cathabolic product of serotonin, 5-hydroxyndoleacetic acid (5-HIAA). Localisation procedures commonly applied, in the diagnosis of endocrine tumours include ultrasound (US), computed tomography (CT) and somatostatin receptor scintigraphy (SRS).
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PMID:Epidemiology, clinical features and diagnosis of gastroenteropancreatic endocrine tumours. 1176 60

The association between long haul travel and the risk of venous thromboembolism are suspected for long time. Mostly air travel related thrombosis series have been reported in the literature. Risk factors can be classified as: 1. travel related factors (coach position, immobilization, prolonged air travel, narrow seat and room, diuretic effect of alcohol, insufficient fluid intake, dehydration, direct pressure on leg veins, rare inspiration). 2. air plane related risk factors (low humidity, relative hypoxia, stress). 3. patient related factors (hereditary and acquired thrombophylia, previous deep venous thrombosis, age over 40, recent surgery or trauma, gravidity, puerperium, oestrogen containing pills, varicosity, chronic heart disease, obesity, fever, diarrhoea, vomiting, smoking). No patient related factors were found in some cases. To reduce the hazards air travellers are rightly concerned to know the level of the risk and the airlines should be responsible for this information. People should discuss with their physician what prophlylactic measures should be taken, such as compression stockings or low molecular weight heparin. Not only flight but car, bus and train travellers are also at risk of developing venous thromboembolism. Long haul travel alone is a separate risk factor for venous thromboembolism.
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PMID:[Thromboembolism in travelers]. 1177 54

The social and demographic characteristics of approximately 65,000 Tibetan refugees in India were determined from data collected 1994-1996. Approximately 55,000 refugees were living in 37 settlements widely distributed around India. The remaining 10,000 refugees were monks living in monasteries associated with some of the settlements, mostly in the south of India. In the settlements, a community-based surveillance system was established and data were collected by trained community health workers in house to house visits. In the monasteries, data were collected by the community health workers in monthly interviews with a designated liaison monk at each monastery. These data indicated little immigration of new civilian refugees in the past 10 years into the settlements but a steady influx of new monks into the monasteries. The age distribution in the settlements showed a prominent mode in the 15-25 year age range, a declining birth rate, and an increasing proportion of elderly. In general, refugees born in India were educated through secondary school, while refugees born in Tibet were often illiterate. The principle occupations were education involving 27% (including students), farming, 16%. and sweater selling, 6.5%; another 6.5% were too young or too old for employment, and only 2.4% were unemployed. The overall crude birth rate was determined to be relatively low at 16.8/1000. although this may underestimate the true figure. Infant mortality varied from 20 to 35/1000 live births in the different regions. Child vaccination programs cover less than 50% of the population. The burden of illness in this society was mainly characterized by diarrhoea. skin infections, respiratory infections, fevers, and, among the elderly. joint pains and cardiovascular problems. Although calculated death rates were unrealistically low, due to under-reporting, causes of death, derived from "verbal autopsies", were mainly cancer, tuberculosis, accidents, cirrhosis and heart disease in order of decreasing frequency. Overall, the sociodemographic and health characteristics of this population appear to be in transition from those typical of the least developed countries to those typical of middle income and more affluent societies.
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PMID:A social and demographic study of Tibetan refugees in India. 1182 17

In order to study the functions of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) Nef in vivo in a small-animal model, we constructed transgenic (Tg) mice expressing the SIV(mac)239 nef gene in the natural target cells of the virus under the control of the human CD4 gene promoter (CD4C). These CD4C/SHIV-nef(SIV) Tg mice develop a severe AIDS-like disease, with manifestations including premature death, failure to thrive or weight loss, wasting, thymic atrophy, an especially low number of peripheral CD8+ T cells as well as a low number of peripheral CD4+ T cells, diarrhea, splenomegaly, and kidney (interstitial nephritis, segmental glomerulosclerosis), lung (lymphocytic interstitial pneumonitis), and heart disease. In addition, these Tg mice fail to mount a class-switched antibody response after immunization with ovalbumin, they produce anti-DNA autoantibodies, and some of them develop Pneumocystis carinii lung infections. All these results suggest a generalized Nef-induced immunodeficiency. The low numbers of peripheral CD8+ and CD4+ T cells are likely to reflect a thymic defect and may be similar to the DiGeorge-like "thymic defect" immunophenotype described for a subgroup of human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected children. Therefore, it appears that SIV Nef alone expressed in mice, in appropriate cell types and at sufficient levels, can elicit many of the phenotypes of simian and human AIDS. These Tg mice should be instrumental in studying the pathogenesis of SIV Nef-induced phenotypes.
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PMID:Expression of simian immunodeficiency virus nef in immune cells of transgenic mice leads to a severe AIDS-like disease. 1190 38


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