Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0018799 (heart disease)
 34,133 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A preliminary examination of the relationship between the infant mortality of US birth cohorts and their mortality in later life suggested that infant mortality from diarrhoea and enteritis was particularly influential. In the 1917-21 birth cohorts of 17 US Registration States, infant mortality from diarrhoea and enteritis was significantly related to arteriosclerosis heart disease at ages 40-44 and 50-54 in both sexes, and to respiratory cancer at the same ages in men, after controlling for contemporary infant mortality. Hypotheses suggest by these relationships are put forward.
 ...
PMID:Infant diarrhoea and subsequent mortality from heart disease and cancer. 706 52

Diarrhoea is common and may be disabling, and in developed countries is responsible for more days lost from work than more socially acceptable conditions such as heart disease. Acute diarrhoea in the form of infantile gastroenteritis contributes to the deaths of more children than any other single condition in the world. This review describes the pathophysiological mechanisms and the treatments available for the more common types of diarrhoea in developed countries. Proper treatment depends on an understanding of the underlying pathological abnormality.
 ...
PMID:Antidiarrhoeal agents. Clinical pharmacology and therapeutic use. 717 63

Basic and clinical evaluations of cefroxadine were carried out in children, and the following results were obtained. 1. Cefroxadine 20 mg/kg was administered to 9 children with heart disease for the prophylaxis against infections before undergoing cardiocatheterization and cardioangiography, and serum levels were determined. Peak levels reached after 30 minutes in 4 of the 9 cases, with a mean peak level of 22.5 mcg/ml and after 1 hour in 5 cases, with a mean peak level of 16.2 mcg/ml. Half life was 3.1 hours in the former group in a 6-hour blood sampling (1.04 hours in a 2-hour sampling) while in the latter group it was 1.37 hours. 2. Clinical responses were evaluated in 56 children comprising 23 cases of pharyngitis, 8 of tonsillitis, 13 of scarlet fever, 10 of urinary tract infections and 2 of impetigo. Fifty of these cases had excellent and good responses showing a efficacy rate of 89.3%. 3. From 42 of the cases, 43 strains were isolated as causative organisms. Major organisms included 27 strains of S. pyogenes, 9 of E. coli and 3 of S. aureus. As for bacteriological responses, all strains were eradicated. 4. No severe side effects were observed except for diarrhea of 1 cases and eosinophilia of 2 cases. Furthermore, no children refused to take cefroxadine dry syrup.
 ...
PMID:[Study of cefroxadine in pediatrics regarding clinical efficacy and serum levels (author's transl)]. 733 84

5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is a chemotherapeutic agent which has been used to treat many solid tumors including cancers of the breast, ovary, cervix, bladder, prostate gland and gastrointestinal tract. Side effects related to the drug include bone marrow suppression, stomatitis, nausea, vomiting and diarrhea. However another less frequent but lethal event cardiotoxicity--appears to have been ignored by physicians. Recently, two cases of cardiac toxicity induced by 5-FU have been encountered here. One patient developed supraventricular tachycardia and the other illustrated silent myocardial infarction with congestive heart failure. Since these side effects may result in death when 5-FU is prescribed to those patients who have had previous heart disease or are concomitantly receiving inevitable radiotherapy over the cardiac region, it should be recommended with extreme caution.
 ...
PMID:Cardiotoxicity related to 5-fluorouracil chemotherapy: a report of two cases. 778 Aug 86

The "Health Transition" describes the medical consequences which accompany the demographic transition and development. In many Asian countries, as the infectious diseases of infancy decline, such as diarrhea, acute respiratory disease, measles and malaria, so too, do infant mortality rates. As a consequence of falling infant mortality rates and declines in fertility, the age pyramid has become more rectangular. No longer is nearly half of the population under the age of 15 years. Diseases of adults are beginning to become predominant: trauma, heart disease, cancer, stroke and diabetes. Life expectancy has increased along with costs of the health care system. As a fraction of per capita gross domestic product, health care is beginning to become a major national expense. It is ironic that the one vector-borne infectious disease likely to bridge the health transition in tropical countries is dengue. As evidenced by the experience of Singapore and Taiwan, modern housing and commercial development provide more, rather than fewer breeding places for Aedes aegypti. Greater affluence often means less compliance with mosquito control programs. Meanwhile, the dengue viruses, heeding some unknown genetic imperative, cause ever more severe disease. Modern Asian societies must count dengue as a real and enduring threat. To prevent costly hospitalizations and a sense of social disorder, effective measures must be adopted to achieve a significant reduction of Aedes aegypti populations. Sustained dengue control requires source reduction which, in turn depends upon imaginative leadership, skilled man power, legislative authority, an authentic national research program and intersectoral cooperation. A leadership role beckons for new actors in the control of Aedes aegypti: large municipalities, environmental agencies and the private sector.
 ...
PMID:Dengue in the health transition. 784 46

The systemic toxicity of doxorubicin, 30 mg/m2 body surface area (BSA) every 21 days to a cumulative dose of 300 mg/m2, was evaluated in six cats. Appetite, body weight, and the presence of vomiting and/or diarrhea were monitored throughout the study. Renal function was monitored by measuring serum blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine concentrations, urine specific gravity, and creatinine clearance before each treatment. Electrocardiograms and echocardiograms were also done before each treatment. The cats were killed 3 weeks after the last treatment, and complete necropsies were performed. Partial or complete anorexia occurred in all cats with significant weight loss occurring after a cumulative doxorubicin dose of 150 mg/m2 BSA. Mild vomiting and diarrhea that required no treatment also occurred sporadically in all cats. Echocardiographic changes consistent with doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy occurred in four cats after cumulative doses of 170 to 240 mg/m2 BSA. Clinical heart disease and electrocardiographic changes were not observed. Subsequent histological examination revealed myocyte vacuolization and myocytolysis in all six hearts. Renal dysfunction, characterized by increasing azotemia with progressively more dilute urine, was detected in two cats. Mean creatinine clearance values also decreased significantly throughout the study. At necropsy, all cats had histological evidence of renal disease.
 ...
PMID:Systemic toxicity associated with doxorubicin administration in cats. 826 50

Over the past 324 years, Charleston, South Carolina, has triumphed over rampant infectious disease only to be overcome by more modern plagues: heart disease, neoplasia, homicide, and suicide. Examination of death records of the state of South Carolina, Charleston City, and Charleston County provides us with a glimpse of the medical challenges of our recent past; it also reminds us of the scourges that still ravage underdeveloped countries. The 18th- and 19th-century South Carolinians were besieged by tuberculosis, diarrhea, and a myriad of fevers. These diseases, though prevalent in other parts of the world, result in limited mortality in the 20th-century United States. A review of the historic trends in mortality in Charleston is presented; current significant causes of death, with emphasis on recent trends in homicide, are also discussed.
 ...
PMID:Death in Charleston, South Carolina. A retrospective. 859 45

The disease is named after George H. Whipple who, in 1907, was the first to describe an intestinal "lipodystrophy". Although Whipple's disease is generally recognized as a multisystem chronic granulomatous disease, primarily involving the digestive system, it can also appear as a primary neurological disorder in rare cases. Most often it is manifested with loss of weight, diarrhea, malabsorption, abdominal pain, lymphadenopathy, cardiopathy, hyperpigmentation and hypotension. The presence of periodic acid-Schiff (PAS)-positive macrophages in biopsy specimens (not only jejunal) and demonstration of "Whipple's bacilli" visible by electron microscopy, are diagnostic signs of active Whipple's disease. Whipple's disease confined to the CNS is rare. It is rarely found in the differential diagnosis of patients with progressive neurological deterioration. The most common neurological picture includes progressive dementia, external ophalmoplegia, myoclonus, seizures, ataxia, hypothalamic dysfunction (sleep disorders, hyperphagia, polydipsia) and meningitis. Oculofacial-skeletal myorhythmia as a movement disorder, associated with Whipple's disease, is reported. Fulminant course of cerebral Whipple's disease is unusual and unfavourable. The confusing and nonspecific clinical appearance is typical for primary CNS involvement. It has recently been suggested that CNS involvement occurs in all cases, although only 10-20% of patients may show it. The CNS is the most common site of disease relapse. The CT scans and MRI of the brain are often normal, but may show cortical/subcortical atrophy, hydrocephalus, focal or intracerebral mass lesions. The cerebrospinal fluid can sometimes contain PAS-positive macrophages. Brain biopsy is suggested as a diagnostic method in cases of high suspicion of CNS Whipple's disease. However, the lesions are frequently inaccessible and false negative. Without extended antibiotic therapy, the course of Whipple's disease is lethal. Now, the prognosis is good, although the optimal antimicrobial regimen is not clearly established. Initial parenteral therapy (tetracycline, penicilline, streptomycine, chloramphenicol, ampicilline) and peroral long-term treatment with trimetoprime-sulphametoxasole, are recommended. As CNS relapse of Whipple's disease may occur after several years, long-term treatment should include antibiotics that are able to cross the blood-brain barrier. The CNS relapse, in contrast to the systemic ones, is resistant to the treatment. Appropriate therapy instituted earlier in the course of the disease is associated with a better neurological outcome. Early recognition can be critical in Whipple's disease because of irreversible neurological sequelae seen later in the course of this potentially treatable condition. In cases with high clinical suspicion in which Whipple's disease cannot be diagnosed with procedures such as jejunal biopsy, antibiotic therapy is recommended. Recovery of an established neurological deficit may rarely occur. Longterm follow-up studies would help to identify the optimal antibiotic regimen and duration of treatment.
 ...
PMID:[Neurologic disorders in Whipple's disease]. 910 28

Type I familial amyloid polyneuropathy (FAP), or Andrade's disease, is an inherited autosomal dominant disease, always fatal, involving mixed progressive polyneuropathy associated with systemic amyloid deposits. The disease is secondary to mutations of a gene (located on chromosome 18) which encodes for a serum protein, transthyretin. This variant protein is essentially (> 90%) produced in the liver and constitutes the biological marker of the disease. Many surgical teams have established a liver transplantation program for this non-cirrhotic pathology. Between January and August 1994, we performed three orthotopic liver transplantations (OLT) in patients with FAP. The patients were men aged between 30 and 33 years and the mean duration of symptoms was 3 years. The diagnosis of FAP was confirmed by rectal biopsy and detection of the genetic mutation (PCR analysis). All patients presented a severe sensory, motor and autonomic neuropathy with major digestive and urologic dysfunction. Two other patients were not accepted for OLT because of advanced disease with ulcerous lesions of the inferior limbs and cardiopathy. All patients survived with excellent post-operative hepatic function. One month after OLT, one patient had hepatocellular rejection which responded favorably to steroids. Another patient developed post-transfusional B hepatitis 10 months after the graft, but without major hepatic lesions. In the three cases, we observed stabilization of the peripheral neuropathy and an objective improvement of the autonomic affection (neurogenic bladder, diarrhea). The patients who did not undergo transplantation died within a year. Thus, in patients suffering from familial amyloid polyneuropathy OLT must be performed, especially in the early stage of the disease and especially in young patients before serious neurological complications set in.
 ...
PMID:[Orthotopic liver transplantation for familial Portuguese amyloidosis]. 928 38

Sildenafil citrate, an oral therapy for erectile dysfunction, is a selective inhibitor of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP)-specific phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5), the predominant isozyme metabolizing cGMP in the corpus cavernosum. Chemically, it is a compound of the pyrazolo-pyrimidinyl-methylpiperazine class. Sildenafil has no direct relaxant effect on human corpus cavernosum but enhances the relaxant effect of nitric oxide (NO) on the corpus cavernosum by inhibiting PDE5, which is responsible for degradation of cGMP in this tissue. When sexual stimulation causes local release of NO, inhibition of PDE5 by sildenafil increases concentrations of cGMP in the corpus cavernosum, causing smooth muscle relaxation and blood flow into the penis, resulting in an erection. Sildenafil at recommended doses has no effect in the absence of sexual stimulation. The drug is rapidly absorbed after oral administration, with absolute bioavailability of 40%. Its pharmacokinetics are dose proportional over the recommended dosage range. Maximum plasma concentrations are reached within 30 to 120 minutes after oral dosing in the fasting state. Sildenafil is cleared predominantly by the hepatic microsomal isoenzymes CYP3A4 (major route) and CYP2C9 (minor route). Clinical studies assessed the effect of sildenafil on the ability of men with erectile dysfunction to engage in sexual activity and, specifically, to achieve and maintain an erection sufficient for satisfactory sexual intercourse. Sildenafil was evaluated at doses of 25, 50, and 100 mg in randomized, double-masked, placebo-controlled clinical trials of up to 6 months' duration. The drug was administered to hundreds of patients aged 19 to 87 years having erectile dysfunction of various etiologies for a mean duration of 5 years. Sildenafil was associated with statistically significant improvement in erectile function compared with placebo. Adverse effects reported at a rate of >2% were headache, flushing, dyspepsia, nasal congestion, urinary tract infection, abnormal vision, diarrhea, dizziness, and rash. No cases of priapism were reported. The use of sildenafil is contraindicated in men who are taking organic nitrates, because of the potential for a precipitous decrease in blood pressure. Postmarketing reports and surveillance have revealed at least 39 deaths with sildenafil use in men having a history of heart disease, men taking nitrate medications, and men in poor physical health due to lack of exercise. Many of the men who experienced serious adverse effects or death had a variety of concomitant diseases and were taking multiple medications.
 ...
PMID:Safety and efficacy of sildenafil citrate in the treatment of male erectile dysfunction. 991 1


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>