Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0018799 (heart disease)
 34,133 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Pneumatosis intestinalis (PI) is a well-recognized manifestation of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in the newborn--a condition that often requires surgical intervention for infarcted bowel. However, little information is available concerning PI in older children or its management. Sixteen older infants and children (greater than 2 months) had x-ray findings of PI (intramural air). There were eight girls and eight boys ranging in age from 2 months to 8 years. Associated conditions included short bowel syndrome (SBS) (8), congenital heart disease (2), iron ingestion (1), nesidioblastosis (1), hemolytic anemia (1), rheumatoid arthritis (1), bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) (1), and malrotation (1). Clinical presentation included abdominal distension (13), bloody diarrhea (12), bilious emesis (5), and lethargy (5). Two patients on steroids had unsuspected PI identified as an incidental operative finding during pancreatectomy for nesidioblastosis (1) and splenectomy for hemolytic anemia (1), respectively. Only four other children (iron toxicity, postcardiac catheterization, rheumatoid arthritis, and BPD required surgical intervention. Each manifested peritioneal irritation, acidosis, and hypotension or had pneumoperitoneum on abdominal x-ray. In ten of 14 patients, PI was managed nonoperatively with nasogastric suction, fluid resuscitation, intravenous (IV) antibiotics (seven to ten days), and repeated abdominal x-ray and physical examinations. Children with SBS comprised 50% of the total number of patients and eight of ten treated by observation. All had associated viral syndromes (rotavirus) or rhotozyme-positive stools and developed bloody diarrhea. There were two deaths (12.5%) in patients with iron toxicity and congenital heart disease who required resection of gangrenous bowel. All of the other patients survived.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Pneumatosis intestinalis in children beyond the neonatal period. 267 35

The prognosis of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) is generally good, although premature death occurs in a subset of children. Secondary infections, chronic amyloidosis, and heart disease have been reported as common causes. Our experience indicates that JRA can also herald the development of a severe immune enteropathy. In the case presented, typical JRA was followed by fulminant hepatitis; skin rashes; recurrent, severe, watery diarrhea; malabsorption; and ultimately death. Biopsies of the small bowel exposed to the patient's serum revealed deposition of complement and immunoglobulins in the epithelium. Although not widely appreciated, JRA can herald a multisystem syndrome characterized by severe immune enteropathy.
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PMID:Fatal multisystem disease with immune enteropathy heralded by juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. 270 56

Experimental and clinical experience with compounds containing antimony have shown that the trivalent compounds are generally more toxic than the pentavalent ones. APT can cause severe pain and tissue necrosis and is therefore not given by intramuscular or subcutaneous injection. APT has the actions and uses of AST, but it is less soluble and more irritating than the sodium salt which is therefore more suitable for intravenous use. Trivalent antimony compounds are toxic when used topically. Adverse effects are similar for all trivalent compounds, and include nausea, vomiting, weakness and myalgia, abdominal colic, diarrhoea, and skin rashes, including pustular eruptions. Hypersensitivity reactions also occur. Respiratory symptoms include cough, dyspnoea, and chronic lung changes. Cardiotoxicity is the most important and may produce arrhythmias, myocardial depression and damage, Stokes-Adams attacks, heart failure, and cardiac arrest. Hepatic damage and necrosis, as well as blood dyscrasias, may occur. Toxic effects on the kidney may follow chronic use. Continuous treatment with small doses of antimony may give rise to symptoms of subacute poisoning, similar to those of chronic arsenic poisoning, due to accumulation of antimony in the body, especially if trivalent compounds are used, because of their long biological half-lives. Reproductive disorders and chromosome damage have been reported; antimony compounds are, therefore, potentially toxic to reproduction and have mutagenic, and oncogenic potential. Antimony compounds should, therefore, not be used during pregnancy or in the presence of hepatic, renal, or heart disease. Pentavalent antimony preparations especially the organic compounds, together with non-metallic synthetic preparations, such as the diamidines, have now replaced APT for use in leishmaniasis. Because of the toxicity of antimony compounds, investigations have been undertaken to reduce their adverse effects by combining them with chelating agents. These preparations appear to have reduced the toxic effects of antimony without affecting the efficacy of the preparations. Liposome-encapsulated antimony products have, more recently, been shown to be much less toxic because of the reduced dose of the antimony compound required for effective therapy. The historical uses of antimony were based on the belief that the topical and systemic adverse effects, for example, skin eruptions and diarrhoea and vomiting, were signs that the condition being treated was responding by being brought to the surface to relieve congestion at the diseased area. There is no evidence in topical use, but there is evidence that such use can cause severe reactions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Toxicity of antimony and its compounds. 330 36

Ethiopia is a country of 45 million people in northeast Africa. With a stagnant, agriculture-based economy and a per capita gross national product of $110 in 1984, it is one of the world's poorest nations. 70% of the children are mildly to severely malnourished, and 25.7% of children born alive die before the age of 5. Life expectancy is 41 years. The population is growing at the rate of 2.9%/year, but only 2% of the people use birth control. After the 1974 revolution, the socialist government nationalized land and created 20,000 peasant associations and kebeles (urban dwellers' associations), which are the units of local government. The government has set ambitious goals for development in all sectors, including health, but famine, near famine, forced resettlement programs, and civil war have prevented any real progress from being made. The government's approach to health care is based on an emphasis on primary health care and expansion of rural health services, but the Ministry of Health is allocated only 3.5% of the national budget. Ethiopia has 3 medical schools -- at Addis Ababa, Gondar, and the Jimma Institute of Health Sciences. Physicians are government employees but also engage in private practice. A major problem is that a large proportion of medical graduates emigrate. Ethiopia has 87 hospitals with 11,296 beds, which comes to 1 bed per 3734 people. There are 1949 health stations and 141 health centers, but many have no physician, and attrition among health workers is high due to lack of ministerial support. Health care is often dispensed legally or illegally by pharmacists. Overall, there is 1 physician for 57,876 people, but in the southwest and west central Ethiopia 1 physician serves between 200,000 and 300,000 people. In rural areas, where 90% of the population lives, 85% live at least 3 days by foot from a rural health unit. Immunization of 1-year olds against tuberculosis, diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus, poliomyelitis, and measles is 11, 6, 6, and 12% respectively. Infectious diseases dominate the medical scene in Ethiopia. In 1984, tuberculosis accounted for 11.2% of hospital admissions and 12.2% of deaths. The leading cause of childhood mortality in 1984 was diarrhea (45%). Malaria, trypanosomiasis, schistosomiasis, leishmaniasis, and meningococcal meningitis are endemic. Intestinal parasitism is rampant, and the nationwide prevalence of leprosy is 3/1000. Venereal diseases were the 9th most common cause of hospital outpatient visits in 1984, but AIDS is rare. The leading noninfectious diseases are rheumatic and syphilitic heart disease, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hepatoma, and elephantiasis. Ethiopia has the highest number of cases of nonfilarial elephantiasis -- an estimated 350,000 cases -- in the world. Aside from a large influx of money, the most necessary changes to improve the health system are lowering the salaries of doctors and nurses, reorienting physician training toward primary health care, increasing the quality of existing health services, more efficient management, and better coordination between the Ministry of Health and the voluntary organizations.
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PMID:Health and medical care in Ethiopia. 271 Jan 85

Carcinoids are solid tumours arising from enterochromaffin cells, usually of the gastrointestinal or respiratory tract. They are fairly common, and in autopsy series have been present in up to 1% of cases. In contrast the carcinoid syndrome--the combination of flushing, diarrhoea, wheezing and heart disease due to release of vasoactive substances from these tumours--is rare. One estimate is that in a population of 250 000 over 10 years only two new cases would arise (Linell and Mansson, 1966).
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PMID:Carcinoid syndrome. Medical management. 374 26

Registered deaths from the vital statistics registration system of Lagos City, a system that was judged to be 60% complete, were analyzed for the year 1977. Nearly 40% of total registered deaths were from infections, parasitic diseases, and motor vehicle accidents. Of the reported deaths, 17.3% were from ill-defined conditions. Deaths from neoplasms, diseases of the nervous and sense organs, diseases of the digestive and genitourinary systems as well as those from congenital anomalies are relatively less frequent. Maternal mortality appears to be very high. The age pattern of mortality is different from that in the developed countries, a high proportion of the deaths in Lagos being those of children aged under 5 years. Infant mortality is dominated by perinatal causes which constituted a huge 38.4% of deaths of infants under 1 year, the other important causes being dysentery and diarrhea, pneumonia, and tetanus. Among adults, death from motor vehicle accidents is the most important cause accounting for more than 26% of deaths in the age group 15 years and above. Other important causes of adult deaths are cerebrovascular disease, hypertensive disease, heart disease, pneumonia, dysentery and diarrhea, and complications of pregnancy. Well organized health services stressing antenatal care, preventive and health education services are needed to effect a reduction in mortality and bring about a general improvement in the health of the people. (author's)
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PMID:Causes of mortality in an African city. 628 60

Renal venous thrombosis, a clotting process that originates in the venous radicles and progresses into the main renal vein and vena cava, predominantly affects newborn infants. It may be manifest in one or both kidneys and follow maternal diabetes, diarrhea and dehydration, congenital heart disease, acute blood loss, sepsis, asphyxia, and shock. The most common signs include gross hematuria, enlarged palpable kidneys, and thrombocytopenia. Evaluation should include ultrasonography of the kidneys (demonstrating renal enlargement with disruption of the normal echo pattern), computed tomography, and renal isotope scanning. The initial treatment is supportive. Surgical intervention is not indicated in the acute phase except in the rare instance of bilateral disease. Anticoagulant therapy is still controversial. Late sequelae include impairment of renal function, shrunken hypoplastic kidney, arterial hypertension, and tubular defects.
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PMID:Renal venous thrombosis in children: changes in management. 635 1

In 19 children with acute infantile hemiplegia an ischemic cerebral infarct was found clinically and by serial computertomography. In 11 patients an angiography has been performed in addition. 9 of the children had chronic diseases which are known as predisposing factors for cerebrovascular disease (congenital heart disease in 7 and chronic renal failure with hypertension in 2). One child had a severe hypernatremic dehydration due to infantile diarrhea and in 1 child thrombosis of the internal carotid artery occurred 3 days after a perforating trauma of the soft palate. No obvious reason for the ischemic stroke could be evaluated in 8 children. The onset of symptoms was either acute or slowly progressive. An altered state of consciousness was present in 11 children. Hemiparesis was found in 18 patients (13 right, 5 left) accompanied by facial palsy in 12 and aphasia in 6. Seizures occurred in 6 patients. One patient with incomplete occlusion of a vertebral artery showed acute cerebellar ataxia. In children without predisposing factors the prevalence of girls was higher (2 : 6) and there was a history of a preceding acute febrile illness in 5 of 8 patients. Laboratory investigations showed polycythemia in 4 children with cyanotic heart disease and additional hypochromia in two. Blood sedimentation rate was increased in 6 out of 8 patients without a known predisposing factor. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) showed a slight increase of erythrocytes (36-88/cmm) in 4 children, in two others purulent CSF was obtained after the infarct had developed into a brain abscess. The etiology of ischemic stroke in childhood and the possibility of an inflammatory vascular disease are discussed.
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PMID:Acute infantile hemiplegia caused by cerebral ischemic infarction. Etiology, clinical features and investigations. 647 69

Blood levels of ampicillin (ABPC) were measured in 10 childish patients with heart disease after the rectal administration of KS-R1 at doses of 125 mg and 250 mg. Average blood levels of ABPC at 15, 30 minutes, 1, 2 hours and 4 hours after the administration of KS-R1 were 6.8, 6.9, 3.1, 1.1 mcg/ml and 0.1 mcg/ml with half-life of 0.64 hours in patients of age from 1 year to 4 years 7 months old (dose level 8.9 approximately 13.9 mg/kg, average 10.5 mg/kg), and 5.2, 6.1, 3.4, 1.0 mcg/ml and 0.1 mcg/ml with half-life of 0.65 hours in patients of age from 7 years 10 months to 10 years 7 months old (dose level 8.3 approximately 13.9 mg/kg, average 9.8 mg/kg), respectively. Clinical effective rate (excellent and good) was 87% in 55 childish patients with infections. Bacteriologically, 13 strains (74%) out of 18 strains which were isolated from the patients were eradicated. No severe side effects were observed. Diarrhea was observed in 3 cases.
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PMID:[Experimental and clinical studies of an ampicillin suppository (KS-R1) in pediatrics]. 665 10

Carcinoid heart disease is a rare entity and has always been hallmarked by its late appearance in the malignant carcinoid syndrome. Most cases are discovered when patients complain of typical symptoms, including flushing and diarrhea, with subsequent heart failure and valvulopathy developing years later. Only a few case reports of successful valve replacements have appeared in the literature, and the cause of the valvulopathy in those patients was known at surgery. I discuss herein a unique case of carcinoid heart disease that was diagnosed postoperatively.
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PMID:Carcinoid heart disease. A unique case of postvalvotomy diagnosis. 687 Apr 45


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