Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0018799 (heart disease)
 34,133 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Oral medication with phentolamine SR produced subjective and objective improvement in all 45 patients with refractory chronic heart failure of various aetiologies, who were already receiving digitalis and diuretics. This was shown by an increase in pulse-pressure amplitude and urine volume, a decrease in bodyweight and marked reduction in cardiac size and pulmonary congestion, the latter changes being more pronounced in patients with arteriosclerotic heart disease (ASHD). Exercise tolerance tests in a further 34 patients with less severe chronic heart failure demonstrated that phentolamine SR markedly increased physical capacity. This effect was more pronounced in patients with slightly compromised cardiac status (functional Class 2, NYHA) than in those with moderately compromised cardiac status (Class 3). The improvement in clinical condition was attributed mainly to arterial and venous dilatation, as well as to the positive inotropic effect of the drug. The most important side-effects were diarrhoea and, in the patients with ASHD, increased attacks of angina pectoris; The side-effects were well controlled by the anticholinergic agent oxyphenonium bromide (Antrenyl) and a slight increase in the dose of nitrates. It is concluded that oral phentolamine SR may be a valuable therapeutic adjunct in the management of patients with refractory chronic heart failure.
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PMID:Treatment of chronic heart failure with slow release phentolamine. 35 8

A study of 200 pregnant women at the State Zenana Hospital, Jaipur, was conducted to analyse the effects of various maternal diseases on neonates. The maternal diseases were anemia, hypertension, urinary tract infection, heart disease, and tuberculosis. 200 healthy pregnant women were studied as controls. A high incidence (64.3%) of low birth weight babies were born to the unhealthy mothers. 80% of the tubercular mothered babies weighed less than 2.5 kg; 70% of the heart disease; 65% urinary tract infections; 60% hypertensive; and 64.3% anemia. The abnormal newborns showed a smaller average length and smaller head circumference (less than 33 cm.) than the normal group. There was also higher incidence of prematurity and poor neurological status among the abnormal group. Congenital malformations accounted for 2.15% in the abnormal cases, compared to .5% in the control group. The morbidity rate was 85%, compared to 46% in the controls. The causes were conjunctivitis, diarrhea, and cord sepsis.
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PMID:Effects of maternal medical diseases on the newborn. 72 Dec 25

Despite the fact that necrotizing enterocolitis is considered a disease of premature infants, 20% of all affected infants at Babies Hospital over the past 20 years were products of term gestations. Two distinct subgroups of such infants were noted (1) five infants with congenital heart disease and/or congestive heart failure (e.g.hypoplastic left heart syndrome), all but one of whom developed the disease in the first week of life; (2) eight infants who developed the disease at a much later age after a protracted period of diarrhea. This histopathologic features of the disease in term infants are the same as those in premature infants. Further, the pathogenesis of the disease in term infants does not appear to differ basically from that in premature infants. These facts, lead away from the concept of NEC as a disease of simple etiology.
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PMID:Necrotizing enterocolitis in term infants. 95 75

Decreased serum albumin levels are commonly observed in patients with carcinoid tumor, who also show several characteristic clinical and biochemical abnormalities. A large comparative study on a group of 96 carcinoid patients was performed with the purpose of identifying some of the mechanisms leading to hypoalbuminemia in patients with this form of cancer, and thereby to shed light on the cause of hypoalbuminemia of cancer in general. Serum albumin values were compared with a number of clinical parameters (including extent of liver metastases, severity of diarrhea, degree of right heart failure, and extent of gastrointestinal surgery) and of laboratory data (prothrombin time, BSP retention, serum transferrin concentration, hematocrit value, and daily urine excretion of 5-hydroxy-indoleacetic acid). In several patients the gastrointestinal protein loss was assessed by the 51Cr-albumin technique, whereas albumin renewal and distribution were evaluated by the use of 125I-albumin. The data obtained showed that the main factors in determining decreased serum albumin levels in patients with carcinoids are both reduced synthesis and increased loss of the protein. The hepatic synthetic defect appears to be related to a progressive decrease in the number of functioning liver cells; the origin of the gastrointestinal protein loss may be related to the obvious tumor involvement of the gut wall, as well as to the pharmacologically-induced diarrhea. Right heart failure occurring as a result of the carcinoid heart disease may be an additional cause for gastrointestinal protein loss in patients with carcinoid tumor.
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PMID:Pathophysiology of hypoalbuminemia associated with carcinoid tumor. 97 3

The last 30 years have shown marked improvements in formula feeding of infants. A decrease in breast-feeding popularity and improved sanitary formula methods are responsible for increased use of formulas. Because an infant's growth rate is highest from birth to 1 year, nutritional adequacy of the diet is of vital importance. Necessary for evaluating an infant's formula are the following: 1) the formula should have essential nutrients but not in excess; 2) it should be readily digestible; and 3) there should be a reasonable distribution of calories derived from protein, fat and carbohydrates; digestibility of the fat source is important. Iron deficiency anemia, the most prevalent deficiency in infants, is remedied by the use of iron-fortified commercial formulas. The most effective nutritionally balanced milk is human milk. 2 reasons for other choices are infantile abnormal conditions which require therapeutic formulas or the mother's choice not to breast-feed. A comparison of cow's and human milk shows that the former has 3 times as much ash and protein (which alters digestibility) than normally found in the latter. Differences in casein or curd content triglycerides and percentage of carbohydrates are sufficient to render human milk more easily digestible and nutritionally complete than cow's milk. Standard formulas, on the other hand, nutritionally approximate cow's and human's milk by chemically altering casein proteins, replacing butterfat with vegetable oils and creating highly concentrated electrolyte replacements for electrolyte loss during diarrhea and vomiting. A wide variety of therapeutic formulas are employed for milk allergy, fat restrictions, congenital heart disease, low birth weight infants and phenylektonuria. Preparation of infant formulas include ready-to-feed, concentrated liquid and concentrated powder. Proper dilution in the latter 2 is stressed as is the absolute need for sterilization of all equipment used in formula preparation. The appropriate choice would be a formula that is well tolerated by the infant, conveniently stored and prepared, and within the family budget.
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PMID:Infant formulas. 109 87

Quinidine gluconate was used to treat arrhythmia induced with maximal exercise testing. Twenty-nine subjects who had previously developed frequent premature contractions on testing were selected for further study. After a control maximal exercise test, quinidine (10 mg. per kilogram) in solution was given orally in a single dose, and two hours later the same test was repeated. Recurrence of premature contractions was completely prevented in five of the 19 subjects tested; suppression was better than the mean value in three others, and in 11 subjects it was below the mean value. The plasma concentration at two hours was 1.68 plus or minus 0.31 ug per milliliter, which is a therapeutic level. Raising the dose to 15 mg. per kilogram eliminated the premautre contractions in six subjects whose response to 10 mg. per kilogram had not been complete, but not in two others. Lowering the dose to 5mg. per kilogram lowered the plasma level to below the therapeutic level. No differences between the responses to the drug of the otherwise healthy subject and those with symptomatic heart disease could be found. Compared with the responses to the control tests, there were small but significant changes in the second test in heart rates, blood pressure, and duration of exercise. Aerobic working capacity estimated by Vo2max was unchanged. Mild toxic effects manifested by malaise and diarrhea were a common finding with both 10mg per kilogram and 15mg per kilogram of quinidine, but not with 5mg per kilogram.
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PMID:Quinidine plasma concentration and exertional arrhythmia. 113 35

High mortality rates associated with mesenteric occlusion are a tremendous challenge. We reviewed 32 patients admitted to Beckley Appalachian Regional Hospital during the years 1965 to 1974. The majority of the patients were men. There was quite a variation in the symptoms and physical signs, with heart disease commonly associated with mesenteric occlusion. Massive gangrene involving the small and large bowels had the worst prognosis. Thrombectomy and anticoagulation did not prove beneficial in our series. Patients who survived massive resection are having intermittent diarrhea, responsive to medical treatment. The mortality rate in this series of 32 patients was 81.3 percent. It is hoped that with increased use of mesenteric angiography, early diagnosis, and prompt management the mortality rate can be brought down to acceptable levels.
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PMID:Acute mesenteric vascular occlusion: A review of thirty-two patients. 118 4

Prostaglandin E1 intravenous infusion is used in infants with ductal-dependent congenital heart disease to maintain ductal patency and prolong life until palliative or corrective surgery is feasible. Complications of prostaglandin administration include fever, diarrhoea, hypotension, apnoea, bradycardia, pseudowidening of the cranial sutures, underossification of the calvarial bones, periostitis, and skin edema [1-3]. This paper presents dramatic plain radiographic features of prostaglandin-induced bone disease, including periosteal proliferation and the unusual bone-within-bone appearance, and provides the previously unpublished CT correlation.
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PMID:Plain film and CT observations in prostaglandin-induced bone changes. 152 47

An infant girl with congenital heart disease was fed glucose polymers as dietary supplements. During an attack of gastroenteritis with severe diarrhoea she developed hypernatraemic dehydration, probably due to the high osmotic load of the glucose polymers. This case illustrates the importance of giving adequate amounts of free water to a child on glucose polymers, especially during excessive fluid loss.
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PMID:Glucose polymers in diarrhoea--risk of hypernatraemia. 160 Mar 10

We report the case of a patient with recurrent subocclusive episodes and diarrhea (no malabsorption) associated with ascites, in the absence or liver, kidney or heart disease. The demonstration of hypereosinophilia in the peripheral blood and in the ascites fluid and the failure to identify parasitic or haematological disorders have led to a through examination of the stomach (Endoscopy, Echoendoscopy), small bowel (X-rays and Computerized Axial Tomography) and colon (colonoscopy) in a search for parietal lesions. The absence of segmental lesions and the observation of CAT images of diffuse, regular thickening of the ileum and of the mesentery, coupled with the monotonous clinical history spanning over three decades, have led to a diagnosis of eosinophilic gastroenteritis with involvement of the serosal layer. Serosal involvement is rare in eosinophilic disease of the gut; in analogy with other cases reported in the literature, steroids have improved clinical symptoms and normalized the hematological picture.
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PMID:[Eosinophilic gastroenteritis and ascites. Clinical case]. 174 98


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