Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0018799 (heart disease)
 34,133 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

1. A randomized controlled trial of cross-over design was set up to examine the effect of alcohol on blood lipids and certain haematological variates relevant to ischaemic heart disease. 2. One hundred subjects drank some alcohol for 4 weeks (mean intake 18.4 g/d) and abstained totally for 4 weeks, the order of these periods being randomized. 3. Alcohol appeared to produce a rise of 7% in serum high-density-lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, probably due to a rise in the HDL2 subfraction. 4. No significant change was detected in plasma fibrinogen or the other haematological indices. 5. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that a moderate intake of alcohol confers some protection against heart disease.
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PMID:Alcohol and high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol: a randomized controlled trial. 367 11

A dominant major locus (allele frequency of .0025 +/- .0014), resulting in low levels of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), was revealed by likelihood analysis on 2,170 persons in 55 Utah pedigrees. This allele was expressed through HDL-C levels ranging from 20 to 30 mg/dl in seven persons in two pedigrees. Early coronary heart disease was associated with the allele in one pedigree, but not in the other. In the pedigree without associated heart disease, HDL subfractions HDL2 and HDL3 were both low in individuals with the low HDL-C allele. No other major locus determining either high or low levels of HDL-C was identified in our sample. Polygenic heritability as part of the mixed model was estimated as .561 +/- .035.
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PMID:A re-examination of major locus hypotheses for high density lipoprotein cholesterol level using 2,170 persons screened in 55 Utah pedigrees. 370 13

Recent studies are reviewed to obtain a perspective on the risk of arteriosclerotic heart disease in women using various oral contraceptive formulations and postmenopausal estrogens. The evidence points to an increasing risk of arteriosclerosis in women after age 40 at a rate parallel to that of men. Arteriosclerosis risk is altered by small changes in lipoprotein concentration--in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and in a subfraction of HDL, HDL2. There are indications that oral contraceptives alter LDL, HDL and HDL2 concentrations relative to the potency of their estrogen and progestin components and also to the progestin component's associated androgenic effect, with estrogen producing reputedly favorable changes and progestin, unfavorable ones. The risk of arteriosclerosis and myocardial infarction in young women using oral contraceptive steroids is associated with increasing progestin dose, but in most studies, postmenopausal women experience no change or reduced mortality from all causes, including myocardial infarction, with it related in part to increased HDL cholesterol concentrations. It is wise to screen all women patients for hypercholesterolemia, especially those contemplating the use of oral contraceptives. Oral contraceptive steroids should be used cautiously by women with cardiovascular disease risk factors. Formulations must be selected to minimize their potentially adverse effects on lipoprotein physiology.
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PMID:Arteriosclerosis risk. The roles of oral contraceptives and postmenopausal estrogens. 377 11

The goal of the study was to compare cardiovascular heart disease risk factors in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and matched control subjects. Women with PCOS have risk factors, including anovulation, hyperandrogenism, and insulin resistance, that suggest a male coronary heart disease risk-factor profile. A total of 206 women with PCOS were recruited by using records from a large reproductive endocrinology practice. A clinical diagnosis of PCOS was made if there was a history of chronic anovulation in association with either clinical evidence of androgen excess (hirsutism) or if total testosterone level was > 2 nm/L or the luteinizing hormone/follicle-stimulating hormone ratio was greater than 2. The overall response rate for cases was 76%. A control population was obtained by using a combination of area voters' registration tapes and directories of households. A control subject was matched to each case subject by age +/- 5 years, race, and neighborhood. The response rate for recruitment of the first or second eligible control subject was 83.6%. The average age at initial interview was 35.9 +/- 7.4 years for case and 37.2 +/- 7.8 years for control subjects. Women with PCOS had significantly increased cardiovascular disease risk factors compared with control women. These included increases in body mass index, insulin, and triglyceride levels (P < .001), decreased total HDL and HDL2 levels (P < .01), and increased total cholesterol and fasting LDL levels, waist/hip ratio, and systolic blood pressure (P < .05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Coronary heart disease risk factors in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. 760 Jan 12

In the polycystic ovary syndrome, hyperinsulinaemia is commonly found in women with hirsutism, oligomenorrhoea and acanthosis nigricans and this subset of patients possess adverse risk factors for coronary artery disease, particularly reduced HDL2 concentrations. Conversely, raised serum insulin concentrations are not common in women with PCOS in whom raised serum LH concentrations or regular menstrual cycles are present. We postulate that both direct ovarian and indirect actions of insulin (through changes in IGFI-I, IGFBP-I and SHBG concentrations) play important roles in determining androgen concentrations in women. Many intriguing questions follow from this link between the control of nutrition and reproduction and many old observations required re-examination in this new light. Vital to our understanding in this field will be the cause of moderate hyperinsulinaemia, the action of insulin on the normal ovary, and the importance of adverse surrogate risk factors for heart disease in hyperinsulinaemic women.
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PMID:Clinical implications of hyperinsulinaemia in women. 828 79

Several epidemiological and necroscopic evidences suggest that, despite that the ischemic cardiopathy (IC) can be generally detected only since the fourth decade of life, it starts during the first years of life and adolescence. We have studied 278 teen-agers, with 13-14 years of age, attending the 8th school year (primary education) in five schools of Alcoy. 117 were males and 161 females. Levels of lipoprotein (a) (Lp[a]), total cholesterol (TC), cholesterol linked to high density lipoproteins (C-HDL) and its subfractions (C-HDL2 and C-HDL3), triglycerides (TG), apoproteins A-I and B (Apo A and Apo B) were determined. Cholesterol linked to low density lipoproteins (C-LDL) was calculated using the Friedewald-Fredrickson's equation. Mean values and standard deviation were: Lp(a) = 29.99 +/- 33.61 mg/dl., TC = 160.4 +/- 25.4 mg/dl., C-HDL = 54.0 +/- 12.3 mg/dl., C-HDL2 = 8.7 +/- 6.5 mg/dl., C-HDL3 = 46.2 +/- 18.6 mg/dl., TG = 72.6 +/- 26.8 mg/dl., C-LDL = 91.6 +/- 22.0 mg/dl., Apo A = 136.4 +/- 24.2 mg/dl., Apo B = 60.7 +/- 21.7 mg/dl. 38% teen-agers had Lp(a) levels higher than 30 mg/dl., 7.5% had levels of TC higher than 200 mg/dl., 12.8% had levels of C-HDL equal or higher than 40 mg/dl. and 4.7% had levels of C-LDL equal or higher than 130 mg/dl. From our study, we can conclude that, despite that the levels of TC, C-LDL and C-HDL in these teen-agers are within relatively normal limits, there is a high percentage with levels of Lp(a) actually considered as a risk factor.
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PMID:[Levels of lipoprotein(a), other lipids and lipoproteins in adolescents from the health area of Alcoy]. 844 38

An analysis was undertaken to determine whether combined oral contraceptive (OC) use interacts with the effects of potential cardiovascular risk modifiers (age, body mass index, cigarette smoking, alcohol intake, exercise habit, family histories of heart disease or diabetes, number of pregnancies and duration of OC use) on blood pressure and lipid, lipoprotein, glucose and insulin risk markers for cardiovascular disease. Relationships between risk modifiers and risk markers were compared between non-users (n = 418) and users of low-estrogen dose OC (n = 925, categorised according to progestin content as monophasic levonorgestrel, triphasic levonorgestrel, norethindrone or desogestrel). OC use diminished the adverse effects of age on glucose tolerance. Aerobic exercise had a particularly beneficial effect on triglyceride levels and OGTT insulin response in OC users. The rise in HDL and HDL2 cholesterol concentrations with alcohol intake seen in non-users was diminished in OC users. Increasing duration of use of a desogestrel combination was associated with increasing HDL cholesterol concentrations. No adverse effects of risk modifiers on metabolic risk markers and blood pressure were augmented by OC use, and some were even diminished.
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PMID:Interaction of oral contraceptive use with the effects of age, exercise habits and other cardiovascular risk modifiers on metabolic risk markers. 863 Nov 92

The transport of fat in the blood stream is approximately twice as fast in women as men. Disease states such as obesity and diabetes are associated with greater lipoprotein abnormalities in women compared with men. A greater increment in cardiovascular disease risk in women is linked to these abnormalities. A greater change in triglyceride level and a lesser change in low-density lipoprotein are observed in women than men with high-carbohydrate or high-fat feeding. Most consistent are greater changes in high-density lipoprotein (HDL), HDL2, and apolipoprotein A-I levels in women compared with men with high-carbohydrate or high-fat feeding. Dietary fat restriction in women appears to have a less beneficial lipoprotein effect than in men. Dietary fat restriction for heart disease prevention may be less ideal in women than in men.
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PMID:Gender differences in lipoprotein metabolism and dietary response: basis in hormonal differences and implications for cardiovascular disease. 1625 6


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