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 34,133 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Approximately 20% of all children in the United States live in poverty, which exists in rural, urban, and suburban areas. Thus, all child health clinicians need to be familiar with the effects of poverty on health and to understand associated, preventable, and modifiable social factors that impact health. Social determinants of health are identifiable root causes of medical problems. For children living in poverty, social determinants of health for which clinicians may play a role include the following: child maltreatment, child care and education, family financial support, physical environment, family social support, intimate partner violence, maternal depression and family mental illness, household substance abuse, firearm exposure, and parental health literacy. Children, particularly those living in poverty, exposed to adverse childhood experiences are susceptible to toxic stress and a variety of child and adult health problems, including developmental delay, asthma and heart disease. Despite the detrimental effects of social determinants on health, few child health clinicians routinely address the unmet social and psychosocial factors impacting children and their families during routine primary care visits. Clinicians need tools to screen for social determinants of health and to be familiar with available local and national resources to address these issues. These guidelines provide an overview of social determinants of health impacting children living in poverty and provide clinicians with practical screening tools and resources.
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PMID:Screening for Social Determinants of Health Among Children and Families Living in Poverty: A Guide for Clinicians. 2710 90

The objective was to examine gender differences in causes of death using the San Francisco HIV/AIDS and death registries. Data from San Francisco residents diagnosed with HIV/AIDS who died from 1996 to 2013 were analyzed. Age, race/ethnicity, year, and gender-adjusted standardized mortality ratios and Poisson 95% confidence intervals were calculated for underlying causes of death. Among the 6268 deaths, deaths attributed to drug use, mental disorders due to substance use, cerebrovascular disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, renal disease, and septicemia were more likely among women than among men. Compared to the California population, women had elevated standardized mortality ratios for drug overdose (25.37), mental disorders due to substance abuse (27.21), cerebrovascular disease (2.83), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (7.37), heart disease (2.37), and liver disease (5.54), and these were higher than the standardized mortality ratios for the men in our study. Men, but not women, had elevated standardized mortality ratios for suicide (2.70), undetermined intent (3.88), renal disease (2.29), and non-AIDS cancer (1.68) compared to population rates. Continued efforts to reduce HIV-related illnesses and an increased emphasis on diagnosing and treating preventable causes of death, including substance use, heart disease, and mental health disorders, are needed as part of comprehensive HIV care.
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PMID:Gender differences in causes of death among persons with HIV/AIDS in San Francisco, California, 1996-2013. 2872 25

Individuals living with traumatic brain injury (TBI) are at an increased risk for developing chronic conditions such as diabetes, heart disease, and hypertension compared to the non-injured population. Furthermore, TBI-specific challenges such as physical limitations, pain, mood, and impaired cognition make it difficult to live a healthy lifestyle. Key health behaviors that contribute to overall health and well-being after TBI include physical activity and healthy eating, sleep, participation, eliminating substance abuse, and managing stress. The objectives of this narrative are to (1) describe the key components of a healthy lifestyle for individuals with a TBI, (2) identify the challenges that individuals with TBI face when attempting to establish these health behaviors, and (3) discuss approaches and supports to achieve these health behaviors after TBI, including the role of self-management.
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PMID:Healthy lifestyle after traumatic brain injury: a brief narrative. 3129 66


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