Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0018799 (heart disease)
 34,133 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In the Tri-State Leukemia Survey, the history of diseases in 605 adult male leukemia cases 15 years and older and in 668 adult male population controls was examined. These diseases occurred at least 1 year before leukemia was diagnosed. The data were based on respondents' answers that the disease was diagnosed by a physician; the respondent was either the subject or his spouse. Of 30 diseases studied, 7 showed an excess among the patients with leukemia: infectious hepatitis, eczema, psoriasis, diabetes, arthritis and rheumatism, heart disease, and ankylosing spondylitis. Mumps had a lower reported occurrence among the cases, whereas pneumonia was less frequent in acute lymphatic cases than in population controls. Three diseases occurred significantly less in controls than in persons with specific histologic types of leukemia. Our data revealed a more frequent history of herpes zoster (shingles) in chronic lymphatic leukemia, more hives in acute chronic myeloid cases, and meningitis in acute myeloid leukemia. When we only considered the patients' responses, more of them admitted having had acne than did our controls. The remaining diseases--childhood viral diseases, infectious mononucleosis, smallpox, typhoid fever, dysentery, scarlet fever, tuberculosis, asthma, hay fever, and goiter did not occur more frequently in cases than in controls. The findings were consistent with evidence from previous laboratory and clinical studies. The increased occurrence of infectious hepatitis in our case series is consistent with the findings of other studies showing an increased frequency of Australia antigen in patients with hepatitis, leukemia, and Down's syndrome.
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PMID:Epidemiology of diseases in adult males with leukemia. 99 1

Patients (n = 47) who lost 45 kg (100 lb) or more and who successfully maintained weight loss for at least three years following gastric restrictive surgery for morbid obesity viewed their previous morbidly obese state as having been extremely distressful. In spite of the strong proclivity for people to evaluate their own worst handicap as less disabling than other handicaps, patients said they would prefer to be normal weight with a major handicap (deaf, dyslexic, diabetic, legally blind, very bad acne, heart disease, one leg amputated) than to be morbidly obese. All patients said they would rather be normal weight than a morbidly obese multi-millionaire.
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PMID:Successful weight loss following obesity surgery and the perceived liability of morbid obesity. 183 16

Problems with anticonvulsants in women of child-bearing potential include potential adverse effects on appearance, contraception and pregnancy. These effects must be weighed against the overwhelming benefits of anticonvulsant treatment in the majority of women with epilepsy. Coarsened features, hirsutism and acne may occur in both men and women, particularly if they are exposed to phenytoin. Valproic acid may cause weight gain and hair loss, while carbamazepine treatment carries a significant risk of skin rashes. Anticonvulsants which are liver enzyme inducers (phenytoin, phenobarbital, primidone and carbamazepine) reduce the efficacy of the oral contraceptive pill. No 'pill failure' has been reported with valproic acid. There is a risk of increased seizure frequency in pregnancy irrespective of whether anticonvulsant treatment is taken. Individual seizures carry little risk to the mother or the fetus but status epilepticus has a significant maternal and fetal mortality. The risk of status epilepticus must be taken into account when deciding whether to stop anticonvulsant treatment before pregnancy. There is a 2 to 3 times increased malformation rate in the offspring of epileptic women on treatment. This is primarily due to the drug treatment, but epilepsy itself may also increase the malformation rate. Most malformations are mild and include facial clefts, congenital heart disease and skeletal abnormalities. Valproic acid, however, carries a 1% risk of causing neural tube defects: women receiving this drug who become pregnant should have an ultrasound and alpha-fetoprotein estimation at 16 to 18 weeks of pregnancy. If any abnormality is detected then amniocentesis should be carried out. Women with epilepsy should be counselled before conception and during pregnancy. Before achieving pregnancy a women should be on optimum treatment, preferably on one anticonvulsant. Consideration should be given to withdrawal of anticonvulsant drugs in any woman who has been seizure free for 2 years or who has only mild and infrequent seizures. Folate supplementation should be started prior to conception and should continue during pregnancy. There is a tendency for anticonvulsant drug concentrations to fall during pregnancy, and the dose may need to be increased if clinically indicated. Over 90% of epileptic women who become pregnant will have uneventful pregnancies and will produce healthy infants.
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PMID:Risk-benefit assessment of anticonvulsants in women of child-bearing potential. 202 55

Anabolic-androgenic steroid hormones can enhance muscular strength and size in athletes. However, deleterious side effects include transient sterility, gynecomastia, acne, balding, psychological changes, and possibly increased risks of heart disease and liver tumors. These drugs are banned by most sports organizations.
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PMID:Anabolic steroids in the athlete. 203 86

History of diagnosed illnesses, medical symptoms, and reproductive outcomes and their relation to combat intensity and herbicide exposure were studied, via a mailed questionnaire, among 6810 American Legionnaires who served during the Vietnam War (42% in Southeast Asia, 58% elsewhere). Heart disease, venereal disease, and benign fatty tumors were reported significantly more often by Vietnam veterans than by controls. Combat intensity was significantly dosage-related to history of high blood pressure, ulcers, arthritis and rheumatism, genito-urinary problems, nervous system disease, major injury, hepatitis, and benign fatty tumors. Agent Orange exposure was significantly dosage-related to history of benign fatty tumors, adult acne, skin rash with blisters, and increased sensitivity of eyes to light. Rates of the latter two conditions and of change in skin color were especially elevated in men whose military occupations involved direct handling of herbicides. Five "symptom complex" scales were constructed via factor analysis to measure degrees of feeling faint, fatigue or physical depression, body aches, colds, and skin irritation. Means of all five scales were significantly higher in Vietnam veterans compared to controls, and in herbicide handlers compared to nonhandlers. Both combat and Agent Orange exposure were significant, independent predictors of each of the five scales. Neither combat nor Agent Orange exposure was associated with difficulty in conception, time to conception of first child, or to birthweight or sex ratio of offspring, but maternal smoking was strongly related to reduced birthweight. The percentage of spouses' pregnancies which resulted in miscarriages was significantly higher for Vietnam veterans than controls (7.6% vs 5.5%, P less than 0.001). Logistic regression analysis showed that Agent Orange exposure and maternal smoking were both independently and significantly associated with miscarriage rates in a dose-related manner.
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PMID:Health and reproductive outcomes among American Legionnaires in relation to combat and herbicide exposure in Vietnam. 326 69

Anabolic androgenic steroids (AS) have recently been placed on the Food and Drug Administration's (FDA's) list of controlled substances, because of the adverse effects seen in athletes taking accelerated dosages in attempts to enhance performance. Reported deleterious effects on abusers include sterility, gynecomastia in males, acne, balding, psychological changes, and increased risks of heart disease and liver neoplasia. Considering the roles of the immune and neuroendocrine systems and their interactions in many of these pathologies, it is important to determine the effects of these derivitized androgens on this connection. Little is known in this respect. We therefore determined the effects of anabolic steroids on certain immune responses and their effects on the extrapituitary production of corticotropin by lymphocytes. We present evidence that (1) both 17-beta and 17-alpha esterified AS, nandrolone decanoate and oxymethenelone, respectively, significantly inhibited production of antibody to sheep red blood cells in a murine abuse model; (2) the control androgens testosterone and dehydroepian-drosterone (DHEA) or sesame seed oil vehicle had no significant effects on antibody production; (3) nandrolone decanoate and oxymethenelone directly induced the production of the inflammatory cytokines IL-1 beta and TNF-alpha from human peripheral blood lymphocytes but had no effect on IL-2 or IL-10 production; (4) control androgens had no direct cytokine inducing effect; (5) nandrolone decanoate significantly inhibited IFN production in human WISH and murine L-929 cells; and (6) nandrolone decanoate significantly inhibited the production of corticotropin in human peripheral blood lymphocytes following viral infection. These data indicate that high doses of anabolic steroids can have significant effects on immune responses and extrapituitary production of corticotropin. Furthermore, the mouse model should provide an effective means by which to study other deleterious effects of anabolic steroid abuse in humans.
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PMID:Modulation of immune responses by anabolic androgenic steroids. 878 15

The complications (thromboembolism and jaundice), averse effects (metabolic disorders, hypertension and bleeding) and the risks (cancer and teratologic effects) of oral contraceptives are summarized and compared to those of other methods. Venous thrombosis is more frequent than arterial thrombosis; both are rare but can be severe; risk is decreased with minidose pills. Cholostatic jaundice is likely only in those with history of such jaundice in pregnancy. Decreased oral glucose tolerance similar to diabetes of pregnancy, similarly, is more common with high dose pills. Triglycerides, pre-beta lipoproteins and t otal cholesterol levels are increased to the upper limit of normal, but stabilize after 3 months of pill intake in normal women. Mixed hyperlipidemia in some women can be detected by the cholesterol to triglycerides ratio after 8 and 12 hours of fasting. Other possible side effects are hypertension, elevated thyroid hormone, depression due to abnormal tryptophan metabolism, acne, cholasma, varices, spotting, amenorrhea. The risk of cancer is still unknown, but that of chromosomal defects in unfounded. To avoid these complications, the physician must observe the contraindications of history of thromboembolism, heart disease, jaundice, hypertension and cancer, and follow patients regularly by gynecologic exam, glucose tolerance and blood lipid tests and take blood pressure. In comparison, diaphragms give 15% failure rates, and copper IUDs less than 1%, but about 10% expulsions and 10% removals for bleeding.
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PMID:[Complications of contraception]. 1225 11

Many studies show that low-dose OCs have little adverse effect on carbohydrate metabolism and are safe for healthy women, women with a history of gestational diabetes, and women with insulin-dependent diabetes to use. In fact, large epidemiologic studies indicate that OCs, even the high-dose OCs (=or 50 mcg) for long periods, do not increase the risk of diabetes. There is some evidence indicating that OC use does not heighten the progression of diabetic retinopathy, nephropathy, or cardiovascular complications among women with insulin-dependent diabetes. There is no significant difference in carbohydrate metabolism among the different OC formulations. One must carefully consider the risk:benefit ratio of OC use in diabetic women since pregnancy has serious consequences for both mother and fetus. Cardiovascular complications in OC users do not originate from atherogenesis. The androgenic properties of the progestin in low-dose OCs and their effect on lipids are inconsequential for later development of coronary atherogenesis. The estrogen in OCs may protect against atherosclerosis, particularly among women at high risk of atherosclerosis. Former OC users are not at an increased risk of coronary heart disease, stroke, or other heart disease. Lipid changes in OC users tend to remain within the normal range and return to pretreatment values during the pill-free week. All OCs suppress gonadotropins and subsequent ovarian androgen production. They partially suppress androgen production by the adrenals as well. This suppression from two fronts outweighs any androgenic action of the progestin alone. Further, androgenic action probably cannot overpower the estrogen effect. The dose of levonorgestrel used in OCs is too low to express androgenic effects. Since OCs suppress androgen production, all OCs tend to improve acne. OCs reduce free testosterone and increase sex hormone binding globulin levels.
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PMID:Metabolic effects of oral contraceptives: fact vs. fiction. 1232 11

Modern medicine 1st made the oral contraceptive (OC), a combined OC, available to women in 1960, and much progress in improving OCs and reducing risks associated with them has occurred. Approximately 200 million women have used OCs worldwide and about 60 million women are currently using this contraceptive method. OCs are efficacious because the hormones in the OCs alter the physiology of the hypothalamo-pituitary-ovarian/uterine axis at 6 sites, e.g., altering the endometrium so implantation of the blastocyst cannot occur. Despite the effectiveness of OCs (virtually 100% effective) in comparison with other contraceptive methods, they often cause side effects and complications. Some side effects and complications from estrogen and predominantly estrogen OCs include vomiting, hypertension, and venous thrombosis/pulmonary embolism. Possible progestogen and predominatly progestogen OC side effects and complications are leucorrhea, urinary tract infections, epilepsy aggravation, and cholestatic jaundice. In addition, pregnancy, venous thromboembolism, heart disease, and malignancies of the breast and genital tract are absolute contraindications to OCs. On the other hand, OCs provide health benefits, in addition to preventing unwanted pregnancies, such as lowered incidence of pelvic inflammatory disease, acne improvement, and protection against endometrial carcinoma and ovarian epithelial neoplasia. In order to ensure that health benefits of OCs are maximized and the risks minimized, family planning practitioners worldwide must monitor OC users for side effects. Recent OC formulations now include the progestogen only OCs, multiphase OCs, low dose OC called gestodene, and the "morning after pill".
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PMID:Oral steroidal contraception: scientific basis and recent development. 1234 71

We report the development and spontaneous resolution of annular erythematous skin lesions consistent with sarcoid dermatitis in a child with DiGeorge syndrome (DGS) carrying the 22q11.2 microdeletion. The skin lesion developed after she was treated with isoniazid (INH) following exposure to active tuberculosis (TB). After resolution of the skin lesions, this child developed sterile hyperplastic osteomyelitis consistent with SAPHO (synovitis, acne, pustulosis, hyperostosis, and osteitis) osteomyelitis in her right mandible triggered by an odontogenic infection. This child had congenital heart disease, dysmorphic facies, recurrent sinopulmonary infection, gastroesophageal reflux disease, scoliosis, reactive periostitis, and developmental delay. She had a low CD4 and CD8 T cell count with a normal 4/8 ratio, but normal cell proliferation and T cell cytokine production in response to mitogens. When she was presented with sterile osteomyelitis of right mandible, she revealed polyclonal hypergammaglobulinemia with elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)/angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) levels, but negative CRP. Autoimmune and sarcoidosis workup was negative. Inflammatory parameters gradually normalized following resolution of odontogenic infection and with the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). The broad clinical spectrum of DGS is further expanded with the development of autoimmune and inflammatory complications later in life. This case suggests that patients with the DGS can present with unusual sterile inflammatory lesions triggered by environmental factors, further broadening the clinical spectrum of this syndrome.
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PMID:SAPHO osteomyelitis and sarcoid dermatitis in a patient with DiGeorge syndrome. 1649 84


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