Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0018799 (heart disease)
 34,133 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This study identified illnesses Australians most feared getting, and determined whether there had been any changes between 1986 and 1993. An open-ended question about illnesses was embedded in an omnibus face-to-face survey of representative samples of Australians (1986, n = 1213; 1993, n = 1268). Cancer was by far the most feared illness, with over 60 per cent of first mentions and around 80 per cent of first or second mentions. Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and heart disease were the only other illnesses mentioned by more than 10 per cent of the sample as the first or second most feared illness. There were no differences across time in first mentions of these illnesses, but cancer had more mentions overall in 1993. Concern about cancer may have increased over the seven years. Mentions of dementia and blindness also increased across the two surveys.
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PMID:Illnesses that Australians most feared in 1986 and 1993. 771 49

The 1986-1989 supplements on Elderly Living Conditions to the Monthly Surveys of Human Resources in the Taiwan area are used to estimate active life expectancy and to examine evidence for a compression of disability. Unlike recent results generated in Western countries in favour of the expansion of morbidity hypothesis, our findings tend to support the hypothesis that declining mortality leads to a compression of disability. In Taiwan fatal diseases (e.g. heart disease, stroke, and cancer) play a more important role in disability than to nonfatal diseases (e.g. arthritis, dementia, sensory impairments, and osteoporosis, etc.). Fatal diseases are still the leading causes of disability; modern technology has not prolonged life significantly to Taiwanese who contract such diseases. Hence the improvement in recent life expectancy is very slow and the duration between age at onset of fatal diseases and death tends to be short. As a result of such short duration, the area between the disability and the mortality curve in the life table narrows.
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PMID:Changes in active life expectancy in Taiwan: compression or expansion? 784 63

Aspirin given as a platelet antiaggregant has been shown to be effective for secondary prevention both in cardiology (myocardial infarction, uncontrolled angina pectoris, coronary bypass, etc.) and in neurology (after a cerebral vascular event or an episode of temporary ischaemia). For example, the risk of non-fatal recurrence is reduced by 31% after myocardial infarction and by 22% after cerebral vascular events. In the large scale trials which led to these findings, patients were usually included on the basis of one type of illness, heart disease of neurological disorder. However, these studies have also revealed a cross-over effect. For example a 35% reduction in non-fatal myocardial infarction after secondary preventive treatment for cerebral vascular events and a 42% reduction in cerebral vascular events after secondary preventive treatment for myocardial infarction. Such arguments suggest the importance of evaluating the dual brain/heart and heart/brain impact of secondary prevention. In addition, aspirin has been shown to be effective in certain forms of non-valvular atrial fibrillation and in vascular dementia. Recommended doses vary between 160 and 300 mg/day. Secondary cardiologic prevention with such doses has a favourable effect both on the cardiologic indications after infarction or poorly controlled angina pectoris and has an additional impact on primary prevention of neurological events. The Scientific Committee of the American Heart Association recommends the dose of 160 mg/day after myocardial infarction. For secondary neurological indications, recent studies demonstrate that the dose of 300 mg/day is as effective as higher doses which are less well tolerated and haematologists have underscored that doses below 160 mg/day would not have a sufficient anti-thrombotic effect. The recommended doses for neurological indications would thus be within this range. It is reasonable to expect a dual impact of secondary prevention with doses near 300 mg/day.
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PMID:[From heart to brain and from brain to heart: impact of an anticoagulant treatment with aspirin in secondary prevention]. 802 93

The purpose of this study was to clarify what factors were affecting the residential movement of persons with senile dementia, within one year prior to their death, and to find out ways to sustain the quality of life of the terminal period. We analyzed ninety-six cases of the members of the Association of Family Caring for the Demented Elderly, who died within the period from 1989 to 1991. 1. The average age of death of the elderly persons was 83.2 years. Seventy-four percent had severe dementia. Fifty-five percent had complications of cancer, cardiopathy or apoplexy. 2. Thirty-three percent of the patients in the analyzed cases died at home, sixty percent died in hospitals, and seven percent died elsewhere. Only a few had been hospitalized for more than one year. 3. There were four major movement patterns: care at home and death at home, periodic hospitalization before death at home, periodic hospitalization before death at hospital, and hospitalization and death at hospital. Each of the four patterns had unique characteristics regarding both physical and mental disorders. 4. Those persons with periodic hospitalization before death at home had more care in regards to discharge guidance than those with periodic hospitalization before death at hospital. From the above analysis, we concluded that persons with senile dementia in their terminal period require preventative treatments against advanced dementia and the various complications. In addition they need effective discharge planning at medical institutions.
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PMID:[Residential movement of persons with senile dementia within one year prior to death]. 808 91

beta-amyloid and ALZ-50 immunocytochemical reactivity were determined in the brains of rabbits fed either a control or 2% cholesterol diet. Control rabbits demonstrated no accumulation of intracellular immunolabeled beta-amyloid within 3 min after death. In animals fed the experimental diet for 4, 6, and 8 weeks (postmortem interval < 3 min), there was an increasingly mild-to-moderate-to-severe accumulation of intracellular immunolabeled beta-amyloid. Whether or not beta-amyloid is causally linked to processes leading to dementia, it is related in some way to the prime cause of human death; heart disease. Hypercholesterolemic rabbits may provide an animal model to study altered beta-APP metabolism leading to Alzheimer-like beta-amyloid accumulation xe03and extracellular deposition in brain.
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PMID:Induction of Alzheimer-like beta-amyloid immunoreactivity in the brains of rabbits with dietary cholesterol. 815 29

The prevalence of high blood pressure increases with age and, in elderly subjects, it is a major risk factor not only for cardiovascular diseases but also for other diseases including vascular dementia. Data concerning mortality are more controversial, but it is known that up to the age of 90, mortality is increased in hypertensive subjects. Two pathological conditions can be distinguished, systolo-diastolic hypertension with a systolic pressure above 160 mmHg and diastolic pressure above 95 mmHg and systolic hypertension alone when the systolic pressure is above 160 mmHg and diastolic below 95 (or 90) mmHg. The European working party on high blood pressure in the elderly (EWPHE) and the Medical Research Council trial of treatment of hypertension in older adults have demonstrated the beneficial effect of treating systolo-diastolic hypertension. Active therapy significantly reduces the risk of mortality due to cardiovascular disease, notably myocardial infarction, and in morbidity due to left ventricular failure and non-mortal cerebral vascular events. The current debate centers on the pressure level which should be attained, especially in patients with a history of ischaemic cardiopathy. Treatment of elderly patients with systolic hypertension alone is also probably beneficial, although only the systolic hypertension in the elderly program (SHEP) was able to demonstrate a significant reduction in cerebral vascular events and in the incidence of myocardial infarction, even in subjects over 80. A multicentric European study (Syst-Eur), which includes patients treated with calcium inhibiteurs and conversion enzyme inhibiteurs, is being conducted in order to confirm the beneficial effect of treating systolic hypertension in subjects over 60. In addition, this study also includes a complementary project specifically designed to evaluate the effect of treatment on vascular dementia.
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PMID:[Treatment of arterial hypertension in elderly patients. Value and indications]. 817 61

Down syndrome (DS) is a major cause of mental retardation and congenital heart disease. Besides a characteristic set of facial and physical features, DS is associated with congenital anomalies of the gastrointestinal tract, an increased risk of leukemia, immune system defects, and an Alzheimer-like dementia. Moreover, DS is a model for the study of human aneuploidy. Although usually caused by the presence of an extra chromosome 21, subsets of the phenotypic features of DS may be caused by the duplication of small regions of the chromosome. The physical map of chromosome 21 allows the molecular definition of the regions duplicated in these rare cases of partial trisomy. As a first step in identifying the genes responsible for individual DS features and their pathophysiology, a panel of cell lines derived from 16 such individuals has been established and the molecular break points have been determined using fluorescence in situ hybridization and Southern blot dosage analysis of 32 markers unique to human chromosome 21. Combining this information with detailed clinical evaluations of these patients, we have now constructed a "phenotypic map" that includes 25 features and assigns regions of 2-20 megabases as likely to contain the genes responsible. This study provides evidence for a significant contribution of genes outside the D21S55 region to the DS phenotypes, including the facies, microcephaly, short stature, hypotonia, abnormal dermatoglyphics, and mental retardation. This strongly suggests DS is a contiguous gene syndrome and augurs against a single DS chromosomal region responsible for most of the DS phenotypic features.
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PMID:Down syndrome phenotypes: the consequences of chromosomal imbalance. 819 71

One of the hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease is the presence of argyrophilic plaques (arg-P) accompanying dementia and other forms of cognitive alterations. In the present investigation 195 non-demented, cognitively normal patients were grouped according to the presence or absence of critical coronary artery disease (cCAD), defined as a 75% or greater stenosis of one of the epicardial arteries. None of the subjects had significant cerebral vascular disease. The parahippocampal gyrus (PHG) and frontal pole were analyzed for the presence of arg-P, A4 deposition, ALZ-50 immunoreactive (IR) neurons and neuropil threads (NT). Individuals with cCAD have a significantly greater incidence of plaques than non-heart disease (non-HD) subjects. Every cCAD subject had ALZ-50 IR neurons in the PHG and a greater incidence of NT as compared to the non-HD subjects. Every subject with plaques also had IR neurons and NT in the PHG. Based on the presumption that early neurodegeneration labeled by ALZ-50 antibody and amyloid deposition are in some way linked, then the sequence of plaque formation is initiated by the presence of ALZ-50 IR neurons followed in order by NT, A4 deposition and diffuse form arg-P.
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PMID:Temporal sequence of plaque formation in the cerebral cortex of non-demented individuals. 844 Sep 95

In order to discover the prevalence of white matter low attenuation (WMLA) in the brain and its relationship to vascular risk factors in our Memory Disorders Clinic patients we assessed brain CT scans of 202 patients referred to our clinic between January 1991 and December 1992. One hundred patients (49.5%) had WMLA, and the prevalence increased with increasing severity of cognitive impairment. It was 12% in patients with no evidence of dementia, 32% in those with isolated memory loss, and 59%) in patients with possible or probable dementia. There was a correlation between WMLA and systolic blood pressure, heart disease, peripheral vascular disease, focal neurological signs on examination and central atrophy on CT. No correlation was found between WMLA and low blood pressure, blood glucose or cholesterol level. Our findings indicate that WMLA probably plays an important role in cognitive impairment, and that thromboembolic rather than haemodynamic factors are probably more important in its pathogenesis.
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PMID:The relationship between white matter low attenuation on brain CT and vascular risk factors: a memory clinic study. 866 45

The hospice approach to terminal care will benefit patients with advanced chronic illnesses other than cancer. This article describes general criteria that will help clinicians assess when patients may be appropriately referred for hospice care. Common illnesses, such as dementia, heart disease, lung disease, and renal failure for which terminal care in advanced stages is appropriate, are discussed. Specific palliative management issues regarding these advanced disease states also are addressed.
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PMID:Terminal care for noncancer patients. 879 52


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