Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0018799 (heart disease)
 34,133 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Data was compiled from a wide variety sources in order to construct a demographic profile of elderly women in Latin America. Data was organized into a cross-classification matrix based on three age groups (midlife, young old, and old old) and three country types (highly rural, mixed, and highly urban). The macro-level overview takes into account such factors as education, family structure, and employment. Smaller reports and research project reports of micro conditions are used to help explain the macro trends. Women older than 40 represented 9-20% of the population of the region (of 21 Latin American and Caribbean countries). 6-14% of midlife women were widowed, with the highest concentrations in urban countries. Widows and single women comprised about 20-35% of midlife women and 50-65% of older women. Female household headship increased with age from 9-23% in midlife to 24-41% among women 60 years and older. In all countries with the exception of Uruguay, women had less primary schooling than men. Women's salaried employment in the formal sector decreased rapidly with increasing age. For example, in highly urban countries the range of employment was from 34% of women in midlife to only 4% among women 65 years and older. Women were working, but often in the informal sector or as prostitutes or beggars. Women's health conditions included 12-37% with chronic anemia and many with signs of premature aging (early onset of diabetes, hypertension, and osteoarthritic joint changes). Depression among older women may have been as high as 40%. The strain of maintaining a double work load of child care and housekeeping and employment is unmeasured. Regardless of the level of development, older women suffered primarily from heart disease. Breast cancer was more common in urban countries. Highly rural or mixed countries had greater incidence of cervical cancer. Chronic liver disease was appearing in some countries. In highly rural countries infectious diseases and malnutrition still contributed significantly to causes of death. Most women did not have social security coverage. Evidence points to women's remarkable responses (creativity, initiative, and persistence) to fulfilling survival needs.
 ...
PMID:Older women in Latin America: the health and socioeconomic situation of this important subgroup. 857 13

Data were analyzed on 290 children admitted consecutively to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) of the Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research in Chandigarh, India, in 1993 to examine the frequency, severity, risk factors, and mortality of hypokalemia (3.5 mEq/l serum potassium) and the efficacy of treatment. 43 (14.8%) children had 54 episodes of hypokalemia. Most (68.6%) episodes were moderate. Predisposing factors were the nature of primary disease (renal disease 19%, septicemia 19%, acute diarrhea 14%, and heart disease with congestive failure and meningoencephalitis 12% each), malnutrition (weight for age 80% in 72%), and treatment with drugs (diuretics 20%, beta-agonists 13%, and corticosteroids 11%). Diagnoses most common in hypokalemia cases were acute renal failure (25%), septicemia (22.8%), and acute severe bronchial asthma (20%). The most important predisposing factor for hypokalemia prior to hospitalization was poor oral intake (i.e., inability to replace adequate potassium) (27%). All 43 children received 4-6 mEq potassium/100 ml of intravenous fluids. Clinicians administered an infusion of 0.3 mEq potassium/kg/hour to 7 children (9 episodes) who had ECG changes of hypokalemia until the ECG became normal. Potassium levels returned to normal in all 9 episodes requiring rapid correction and in 40 of 45 episodes requiring slow correction. PICU patients with hypokalemia were more likely to die than PICU patients with no hypokalemia (25.6% vs. 10.9%; p 0.05; odds ratio = 2.34). Hypokalemia patients who received slow correction therapy were more likely to die than those who received rapid correction therapy (31% vs 0; p 0.05). Mortality was lower in PICU patients whose hypokalemia was corrected than in PICU patients whose hypokalemia was not corrected (13.5% vs. 100%; p 0.05). Based on these findings, regular monitoring and rapid correction are recommended to improve the outcome of hypokalemia.
 ...
PMID:Hypokalemia in a pediatric intensive care unit. 877 44

Serum insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3), and a range of growth and nutritional variables were investigated in 62 infants with congenital heart disease and healthy controls. Infants with congenital heart disease were small, underweight, and had a reduced energy intake. Serum IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 concentrations were significantly reduced. Decreased IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 levels are observed in nutritional deficiency; similar findings in congenital heart disease suggest that undernutrition contributes to the poor growth of these infants. Serial measurements of serum IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 may be helpful in monitoring the effect of nutritional treatment in congenital heart disease.
 ...
PMID:Serum insulin-like growth factor 1 in congenital heart disease. 886 2

Enteral nutrition is increasingly used in the management of sick children. Malnutrition may frequently complicate chronic illness in children and nutritional support may be a primary treatment. Particularly children with malnutrition due to certain chronic disorders may need long term enteral nutrition not only in hospital but also at home. We report our experience on home enteral nutrition of 14 patients, aged from 3 months to 15 years. Eleven had a serious weight deficit (< 3 degrees percentile), but none had severe alteration of the biohumoral nutritional parameters. The indication for EN were: in 7 patients cerebral palsy, in 2 cystic fibrosis, and in the other 5 patients congenital heart disease, multiple food intolerance, oesophageal athresia, Werding-Hoffman disease, Costello's Syndrome. Nutritional support was given by nasogastric tube in 6 patients, through gastrostomy in 3 patients and by mouth in 5 patients. We did not see any severe complication due to home enteral nutrition. The practicalities of this nutritional approach are discussed. Although home enteral nutrition was evaluated in a low number of patients, it may have a role in promoting growth of children with inadequate dietary intake or malnutrition and in improving their quality of life.
 ...
PMID:[Home enteral nutrition in pediatric age. Based on the Torino experience]. 905 21

Mortality and morbidity on dialysis remains high regardless of age in spite of technological improvements. While some of this is explainable and acceptable and related to co-morbid problems such as heart disease, malignancy, diabetes, etc. much is also preventable. Data from the literature would indicate that the provision of adequate dialysis as determined by a Kt/V (urea) of > 1.2 or a urea reduction rate (URR) > 65% will improve outcome. Attention to the nutritional status of the patient should also have impact. Low serum levels of urea, creatinine, albumin, anion gap, ideal body weight, and a low dietary protein intake as suggested by a reduced protein catabolic rate, are bad prognostic features. The elderly are more likely to have these features. While many factors may contribute to or cause protein malnutrition, underdialysis should be one easily recognized and reversible cause. Underdialysis will inevitably lead to poor nutrition and have an adverse effect on outcome.
 ...
PMID:Adequacy of haemodialysis in the elderly. 949 36

The target organ failures associated with uremia are most often considered to be caused by processes other than uremia per se. Heart disease, for example, is considered the product of hypertension, lipid abnormalities, and so forth, rather then the uremic state. Erythropoietin deficiency, blood loss, and iron deficiency are believed to cause anemia, rather than the uremic state. Malnutrition is believed to be the product of poor nutrient intake and perhaps nutrient losses, rather than uremia per se. This article reviews evidence suggesting that anemia and malnutrition share a common cause; the acute-phase inflammatory process that is a normal host-defense mechanism. Given the high prevalence of heart disease among patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD), data indicating activation of the acute-phase process in patients with kidney failure, and emerging evidence that the process has a significant role in the risk for cardiovascular disease among patients without kidney failure, there is a strong likelihood that heart disease will share with anemia and malnutrition the acute-phase state as a contributing cause. Thus, instead of disconnected target organ failures, each with different antecedent causes, we see emerging the likelihood of a unifying pathobiology for uremia. The antecedents of morbidity and mortality appear as a web of organ failures connected by a common pathobiology. Whereas each failure likely has contributing causes other than the acute-phase state, they probably share the state as a causative, contributing, or exacerbating factor.
 ...
PMID:Acute-phase inflammatory process contributes to malnutrition, anemia, and possibly other abnormalities in dialysis patients. 989 76

The nutritional state evaluation of any patient with heart disease must include the anthropometric measures, organic metabolic and cellular immunity test. We evaluated the nutritional state of 75 hospitalized patients with heart disease, and its correlation with New York Heart Association class and heart disease type. There was 36 patients (48%) with normal nutritional state, 24 (32%) with grade I malnutrition, 12 (16%) with grade II malnutrition, and 3 (4%) with grade III malnutrition. Of 23 patients with rheumatic valvular heart disease 83.4% have some degree of malnutrition, 37 patients with ischemic heart disease 25% was under nourished. Fifty percent of patients with hypertensive cardiopathy, 75% of the patients with cardiomyopathy and 83% of the 7 patients with other type of heart disease had some degree of malnourishment. There was a direct correlation between nutritional state and functional class, we found no patient in IV class functional with normal nutritional state, or grade I malnutrition.
 ...
PMID:[Nutritional evaluation and functional class in hospitalized cardiopathy patients]. 1047 95

Life expectancy, mortality and longevity data related to height and body size for various US and world population samples are reviewed. Research on energy restriction, smaller body size and longevity is also examined. Information sources include various medical and scientific journals, books and personal communications with researchers. Additional information is presented based on research involving eight populations of the world noted for their health, vigor and longevity. This information includes the findings of one of the authors who led research teams to study these populations. While conflicting findings exist on the cardiovascular death rates for shorter people, many examples of short populations with very little heart disease are described. Most cancer studies indicate that shorter people have significantly lower mortality risk. Considerable data suggest that shorter people generally have greater longevity than taller people, and extensive animal research supports human longevity findings. Tall populations with low mortality rates are also described. Shorter stature and smaller body weight appear to promote better health and longevity in the absence of malnutrition and infectious diseases. Several theoretical reasons for this greater longevity potential are covered. Also discussed, is the role of socioeconomic status, diet, relative weight, environment and other factors in increasing or decreasing the longevity of individuals, regardless of their heights and weights.
 ...
PMID:Height, body size and longevity. 1048 2

In women, serum lipid levels and the incidence of myocardial ischemia increase after menopause. Deficiency of estrogen is believed to be the cause of these epidemiological phenomena. On the other hand, hormone replacement therapy(HRT), has prevailed in developed countries. Estrogen is replaced to ease climacteric disorders, and retard bone loss. Many clinical studies cleared the effect of HRT on lipids, in which total and LDL-C (cholesterol) decreased, and HDL-C increased. TG increased by conjugated equilin estrogen but not by transdermal estradiol. In our study, hepatic triglyceride lipase(HTGL) was suppressed by HRT, but lipoprotein lipase(LpL) was not suppressed. HRT decreases coronary artery diseases, but it is still controversial whether HRT is efficient in patients who already have heart disease.
 ...
PMID:[Efficacy of hormone replacement therapy on hyperlipidemia]. 1063 24

Disturbances in growth are often a consequence of congenital heart disease during infancy and childhood. The magnitude of the growth disturbance is generally related to the anatomical lesion and is most severe in infants and children with congestive heart failure. Presently, surgical repair in this population is often delayed in order to permit increased weight gain. Surgery is preformed when a patient reaches an ideal weight and age, or failure to thrive precludes further waiting. The available data indicate that caloric intake in these infants and children may be nearly adequate for age, but is inadequate to permit normal growth rates. Energy expenditure appears to be significantly elevated in this population relative to that of age-matched infants and children. Therefore, while caloric intake may be appropriate for age, increased energy expenditure leaves the infant or child with congenital heart disease with little energy available for growth. More information is needed on energy intakes and expenditures of specific patient populations, and especially of patients with congestive heart failure, before accurate predictions of their metabolic needs are possible. This knowledge may allow us to better meet the nutritional needs of these populations and decrease the risk of malnutrition and failure to thrive, in turn decreasing surgical risk for these patients.
 ...
PMID:Growth, nutrition and energy expenditure in pediatric heart failure. 1097 12


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>