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Query: UMLS:C0018799 (heart disease)
 34,133 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Diabetes mellitus is responsible for a spectrum of cardiovascular disease. The best known complications arise from endothelial dysfunction, oxidation, inflammation, and vascular remodelling and contribute to atherogenesis. However, the effects on the heart also relate to concurrent hypertensive heart disease, as well as direct effects of diabetes on the myocardium. Diabetic heart disease, defined as myocardial disease in patients with diabetes that cannot be ascribed to hypertension, coronary artery disease, or other known cardiac disease, is reviewed.
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PMID:Diabetic heart disease. 1842 75

Heart diseases resulting in heart failure are among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in the Western world and can result from either systemic disease (e.g., hypertensive heart disease, ischemic heart disease) or specific heart muscle disease (e.g., dilated cardiomyopathy/DCM). Subproteome analysis of such disease subsets affords a reduction in sample complexity, potentially revealing biomarkers of cardiac failure that would otherwise remain undiscovered in proteome wide studies. Label-free nanoscale LC-MS has been applied in this study to validate a Triton X-114-based phase enrichment method for cardiac membrane proteins. Annotation of the subcellular location combined with GRAVY score analysis indicates a clear separation between soluble and membrane-bound proteins with an enrichment of over 62% for this protein subset. LC-MS allowed confident identification and annotation of hydrophobic proteins in this control sample pilot study and demonstrates the power of the proposed technique to extract integral membrane-bound proteins. This approach should be applicable to a wider scale study of disease-associated changes in the cardiac membrane subproteome.
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PMID:Nonionic detergent phase extraction for the proteomic analysis of heart membrane proteins using label-free LC-MS. 1871 67

Coronary heart disease and chronic heart failure are common diseases and have an increasing frequency. Although interventional and conventional drug therapy may delay ventricular remodelling, there is no basic therapeutic regime available for preventing or even reversing this process. Chronic coronary artery disease and heart failure impair quality of life and are associated with subsequent worsening of the cardiac pump function. Numerous studies carried out in the past few years have demonstrated, that the intracoronary stem cell therapy has to be considered as a safe therapeutic procedure in heart disease, when destroyed and/or compromised heart muscle must be regenerated. This kind of cell therapy with autologous bone marrow cells is completely justified ethically, except for the small numbers of patients with direct or indirect bone marrow disease (e.g. myeloma, leukemic infiltration) in whom there would be lesions of mononuclear cells. Several preclinical as well as clinical trials have shown that transplantation of autologous bone marrow cells or precursor cells improved cardiac function after myocardial infarction and in chronic coronary heart disease. The age of infarction seems to be irrelevant to regenerative potency of stem cells, since stem cells therapy in old infarctions (many years old) is almost equally effective in comparison to previous infarcts. Further indications are non-ischemic cardiomyopathy (dilatative cardiomyopathy) and heart failure due to hypertensive heart disease.
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PMID:Therapeutic potentials of stem cells in cardiac diseases. 1927 33

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common chronic cardiac arrhythmia and a major public health problem, leading to high rates of morbidity and mortality. The most prevalent cause of AF in the western world is hypertensive heart disease. Blood pressure increase leads to hemodynamic modifications which usually have direct effects on left ventricular and atrial structure and function. The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) plays an important role in regulating blood volume and systemic vascular resistance. Furthermore, recent studies showed that RAAS plays a key role in left atrial and ventricle structural and functional remodeling. Experimental studies and clinical trials have shown that angiotensin-II converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and angiotensin-II receptor blockers are effective in preventing atrial fibrillation in patients with arterial hypertension or several forms of heart disease. In our study, we showed that ramipril is effective in preventing AF relapses in patients with lone AF (LAF: i.e AF in the absence of clinical and echocardiographic evidence of cardiovascular, pulmonary, or endocrine disease), independently of any sizeable effect on cardiac echocardiographic anatomy when compared with baseline data. In this paper, we briefly discuss: 1) the role of ACE inhibitor ramipril in preventing AF relapses in LAF patients; 2) the underlying mechanisms by which it can potentially act; 3) the possibility of considering the occurrence of LAF as a marker of subclinical organ damage in subjects with blood pressure values in the 130 to 139 mm Hg range, that is in the pre-hypertension classification according to the JNC-7 Report, of high normal blood pressure levels according to the 2007 ESC/ESH guidelines.
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PMID:[Role of ACE-inhibitors in preventing atrial fibrillation relapses in normotensive patients]. 2006 82

Knowledge of cardiovascular disease is advancing at a vertiginous pace. Cardiology has always been one of the most scientifically dynamic specialties. Indeed, no other medical specialty presents such a large number of randomized studies aiming to determine the efficacy of distinct therapeutic interventions each year. Equally, cardiology is composed of various subspecialties ranging from the clinical management of types of heart disease that are frequently encountered in daily clinical practice, through the various diagnostic procedures (cardiovascular imaging), to the complex therapeutic techniques of interventional endovascular therapy. Many of the principal medical journals specialize in specific aspects of cardiovascular disease and some have even developed formats of superspecialization that allow knowledge on arrhythmology, interventional cardiology or cardiac imaging to be broadened. In addition, highly important international congresses on general and superspecialized cardiology serve as a window to display the main multicenter studies. The objective of all of the above is to allow the varied and enormous quantity of new or updated information on the diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular disease to be presented to the scientific community. The ambitious aim of the present review is to discuss what we consider to be the main advances in the therapeutic management of three distinct branches of cardiology: hypertensive heart disease, myocardial ischemia and atrial fibrillation.
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PMID:[Advances made in the past year (2009) in the therapeutic approach to hypertensive heart disease, myocardial ischemia, and atrial fibrillation]. 2113 Sep 10

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained tachyarrhythmia, and occurs in organic heart disease such as rheumatic, atherosclerotic and hypertensive heart disease. In recent studies, the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems have been shown to have important roles in initiating paroxysmal AF. We report here a patient who developed paroxysmal AF that might be a result of an imbalance of the sympathetic-parasympathetic systems due to epidural anesthesia, and that was potentiated by pain with inadequate analgesia. A 69-year-old woman was scheduled for operation of a right-sided ankle fracture. Twenty minutes after epidural drug injection, paroxysmal AF occurred. Even after intravenous administration of esmolol and digoxin, AF continued. After transfer to the intensive care unit, her heart rate gradually decreased and AF disappeared. During perioperative anesthetic management, the proper preoperative prevention and intraoperative treatment are needed in AF high-risk patients.
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PMID:Paroxysmal atrial fibrillation developed during incomplete epidural anesthesia -A case report-. 2128 61

The predominant pattern of cardiovascular diseases in sub-Saharan Africa is that of poverty-related conditions (rheumatic heart valve disease, untreated congenital heart disease, tuberculous pericarditis) and diseases of unclear aetiology with a higher prevalence in this part of the world (peripartum cardiomyopathy, endomyocardial fibrosis). However, the prevalence of the traditional risk factors for cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension and marked obesity is high in a number of sub-Saharan settings, although they vary considerably among countries, urban/rural locations and specific subpopulations. In urban settings, hypertensive heart disease with systolic and diastolic function contributes substantially to morbidity. Awareness of the general public and health workers about the burden of cardiovascular diseases in women must be increased, and risk factor control programmes must be included in the health research agenda on the African continent. Improvement in health services with coordination of maternal health services and non-communicable diseases is also needed. This review focuses on the current knowledge of cardiovascular healthcare of women in sub-Saharan Africa, particularly their propensity for various forms of heart disease, access to healthcare, treatment received within the respective healthcare system, response to therapy and mortality. It highlights the gaps in knowledge and the paucity of data in most of these aspects.
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PMID:Women's cardiovascular health in Africa. 2235 29

Cardiac fibrosis is a hallmark of heart disease and plays a vital role in cardiac remodeling during heart diseases, including hypertensive heart disease. Hexarelin is one of a series of synthetic growth hormone secretagogues (GHSs) possessing a variety of cardiovascular effects via action on GHS receptors (GHS-Rs). However, the role of hexarelin in cardiac fibrosis in vivo has not yet been investigated. In the present study, spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) were treated with hexarelin alone or in combination with a GHS-R antagonist for 5 wk from an age of 16 wk. Hexarelin treatment significantly reduced cardiac fibrosis in SHRs by decreasing interstitial and perivascular myocardial collagen deposition and myocardial hydroxyproline content and reducing mRNA and protein expression of collagen I and III in SHR hearts. Hexarelin treatment also increased matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 activities and decreased myocardial mRNA expression of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1 in SHRs. In addition, hexarelin treatment significantly attenuated left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy, LV diastolic dysfunction, and high blood pressure in SHRs. The effect of hexarelin on cardiac fibrosis, blood pressure, and cardiac function was mediated by its receptor, GHS-R, since a selective GHS-R antagonist abolished these effects and expression of GHS-Rs was upregulated by hexarelin treatment. In summary, our data demonstrate that hexarelin reduces cardiac fibrosis in SHRs, perhaps by decreasing collagen synthesis and accelerating collagen degradation via regulation of MMPs/TIMP. Hexarelin-reduced systolic blood pressure may also contribute to this reduced cardiac fibrosis in SHRs. The present findings provided novel insights and underscore the therapeutic potential of hexarelin as an antifibrotic agent for the treatment of cardiac fibrosis.
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PMID:Chronic administration of hexarelin attenuates cardiac fibrosis in the spontaneously hypertensive rat. 2284 67

The early part of the new millennium witnessed reports of a growing burden of cardiovascular disease in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). However the contribution of ischemic heart disease and stroke to this increasing burden relative to that caused by hypertensive heart disease, cardiomyopathy and rheumatic heart disease was not clear. Over the last decade, data from the continent has begun to clarify this issue and suggests three main points. The burden of ischemic heart disease relative to other causes of heart disease remains low particularly in the black Africans majority. Stroke caused predominantly by hypertension is now a major cause of disability and premature death. Third, the burden of risk factors for atherosclerosis is increasing rapidly in most urban and some rural regions. A concerted effort to understand the primary drivers of this increase in cardiac risk factors is required to prevent a future epidemic of atherosclerosis and its sequelae.
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PMID:Recent advances in the epidemiology, outcome, and prevention of myocardial infarction and stroke in sub-Saharan Africa. 2368 Aug 88

The primary objective of this study was to assess how HIV has influenced the spectrum of heart diseases in Botswana and to examine the HIV prevalence among patients with cardiomegaly. The secondary objective was to evaluate the value of the cardiothoracic (CT) ratio on chest radiography (CXR) as a screening tool for cardiac disease. In total, 179 patients (age 14-97 years) with cardiomegaly (all CT ratios >0.53 on CXR) and known HIV status were referred to Botswana's sole hospital-based echocardiographic centre. Clinical examination and echocardiography were performed. Cardiomyopathy (36.9%), pericarditis (21.2%), hypertensive heart disease (14.0%), rheumatic heart disease (8.4%) and right-sided heart failure (6.7%) were the main causes of cardiomegaly; only two patients had a normal echocardiogram. The HIV prevalence was higher than in the general population [59% vs 25%; relative risk (RR) of HIV infection compared with the general population 2.4, 95% CI 2.1-2.7]. HIV infection was strongly associated with pericarditis (RR 3.3, 95% CI 2.8-3.8) and cardiomyopathy (RR 2.9, 95% CI 2.4-3.5). These data suggest an increased risk of non-ischaemic heart disease, in particular pericarditis and cardiomyopathy, among HIV-infected patients. The CT ratio on CXR had high specificity in detecting severe heart disease and can be a useful screening tool in areas with limited resources.
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PMID:HIV as a risk factor for cardiac disease in Botswana: a cross-sectional study. 2403 Aug 78


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