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Query: UMLS:C0018799 (heart disease)
 34,133 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Echocardiographic assessment of left ventricular size and function correlates well with that made by cineangiography. The technic is particularly suited to the early detection and serial monitoring of left ventricular hypertrophy and dysfunction in valvular heart disease, hypertensive heart disease and the cardiomyopathies. It also has advantages over angiography in experimental situations in which frequently repeated or continuous assessment of left ventricular size and function may be required. The limited usefulness of a single ultrasound beam in segmental heart disease, such as ischemic heart disease, may be overcome in the future with improvements in two-dimensional echocardiographic technics.
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PMID:The evaluation of left ventricular function by echocardiography. 14 83

Lung biopsy specimens were taken from 39 infants younger than 12 months of age with congenital heart disease and severe pulmonary hypertension (Pp/Ps greater than or equal to 0.75) accompanied by respiratory distress. The pathological change in lung specimens and clinical courses were compared. These 39 infants underwent surgical treatment of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), seven patients; ventricular septal defect (VSD), 13 patients; and complex heart anomaly, 19 patients. The common pathological findings of the lung specimens taken from these infants were lymphoid cellular infiltration and thickening of the alveolar septum, which we have called "septitis" in the present study. In most cases pulmonary vascular obstructive change was within Grade 2 of the Health-Edwards criteria. Septitis was classified into three categories: mild, moderate, and severe. Only three of the 19 infants with severe septitis survived postoperatively, whereas 10 of the 12 infants with moderate septitis and all eight with mild septitis could be successfully weaned. The cause of septitis remains unidentified. We have found the patient's age and pulmonary hypertension to be closely related to the grade of septitis in this study. Septitis plays a much more important role than pulmonary vascular obstructive change in the prognosis of pulmonary hypertensive heart disease in early infancy.
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PMID:Lung pathology in infants with severe pulmonary hypertension and cardiac disease. 43 Nov 7

Accelerated idioventricular rhythm (AIVR) has been reported in patients with acute myocardial infarction, digitalis excess, and subarachnoid hemorrhage, and in patients with rheumatic, primary myocardial, and hypertensive heart disease. Discovery of AIVR in 2 patients without heart disease led us to review reports from 700 Holter monitor studies. Seven patients without recent myocardial infarction were studied retrospectively. Three of the 7 had no evidence of heart disease; 5 of the 7 had abnormalities of the central nervous system. Examples of AIVR show approximation of the sinus rate and ectopic rate; onset and offset occur abruptly or with sinus rate slowing and fusion beats. One patient remained in AIVR for up to 10 minutes accompanied by retrograde atrial capture. The rhythm's acceleration with exercise suggests that it is under autonomic influence, a phenomenon also seen in CNS stimulation studies in dogs. AIVR occurs infrequently in patients without demonstrable heart disease. Our experience suggests a good prognosis, but further study is needed onthe natural history of AIVR in asymptomatic patients and on the necessity of treatment.
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PMID:Accelerated idioventricular rhythm in patients without acute myocardial infarction. 50 62

In order to determine their exercise tolerance, 20 patients with artificial ventricular demand pacemakers below the age of seventy were studied by bicycle ergometry. Only 30% of the patients showed a normal exercise tolerance according to the criteria by Kaltenbach, while 70% stopped the test prematurely because of leg fatigue, dyspnoe or chest pain. In terms of their exercise tolerance, there was no difference between patients who developed normal sinus rhythm or rapid atrial fibrillation during the exercise and those who remained at the fixed pacemaker rate throughout the test. It is concluded, therefore, that the exercise tolerance of pacemaker-patients is not only limited by the fixed heart rate but mainly by the underlying heart disease (coronary heart disease, cardiomyopathy, hypertensive heart disease etc.) and the general physical condition of the patients. In an age-matched control group of 20 patients 50% showed a normal exercise tolerance and the duration of exercise in this group was only slightly longer (21%) than in the pacemaker-group.
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PMID:[Exercise tolerance of patients with artificial cardiac pacemakers (author's transl)]. 54 95

All autopsies on Black patients who died of heart disease at Baragwanath Hospital were examined for the years 1959, 1960 and 1976. The commonest form of heart disease encountered in South African Blacks is undoubtedly hypertensive heart disease and by far the majority of these cases are of essential hypertension. There appears to have been a slight rise in the incidence of hypertension. Rheumatic heart disease is extremely common, and affects young people, who often have advanced valvular lesions by puberty. The incidence of idiopathic cardiomyopathy does not seem to have altered materially, although there has perhaps been a slight drop, which may be accounted for by the tendency of clinicians to place cases of congestive cardiac failure with mild hypertension in the hypertensive group rather than in the idiopathic cardiomyopathy group. There was a significant alteration in the incidence of myocardial infarction; in 1959 and 1960 these cases comprised less than 1% of all cardiac deaths but in 1976 they comprised nearly 12%. There has also been a dramatic fall in the incidence of cardiovascular syphilis.
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PMID:The changing pattern of heart disease in South African Blacks. 60 91

As a result of findings of an earlier report in this series, this study examines the updated cause-specific mortality of men employed in the sheet and tin mill areas of the steel industry. In order to investigate possible relationships between occupational responsibilities or exposures and mortality from specific causes, the sheet and tin mills have been subdivided into 13 mutually exclusive work areas. Detailed analysis is limited primarily to white workers due to the small number of nonwhites in these areas. The most important observations are: 1. Increased overall mortality appears for men employed in 1953 in the sheet finishing and shipping area, confirming the findings of Lloyd, et al. The earlier observation of a significant excess in deaths from vascular lesions of the central nervous system does not hold over time. The previously noted excess for this cause may be related to selective factors or an extreme chance observation. The excess in mortality from all causes of death, which occurs over several disease categories, may not be a result of occupational exposures, but rather some selectivity. 2. Significant excesses in mortality from arteriosclerotic heart disease are noted among men employed in batch pickling and sheet dryer operations, which is in agreement with the earlier findings. Increased risks of dying from hypertensive heart disease are seen in the coating area. 3. Cancer of the lymphatic and hematopoietic tissues is found to be a significant source of excess mortality for workers in the heat treating and forging and tin finishing and shipping work areas. 4. Steelworkers employed in the annealing-normalizing work area show an excess in deaths from nonmalignant respiratory diseases, primarily pneumonia. Further study in these areas should attempt to investigate whether factors in the work environment may be responsible for the observed excess mortalities. More specifically, work should be done to find out whether men employed in heat treating and forging and tin finishing and shipping work in close proximity to chemicals or radiation exposure and whether workers employed in the annealing-normalizing area are exposed to any kind of oil, vapor, or chemical which might be irritating or infectious to the respiratory system. A similar analysis for men working in the batch pickling and sheet dryers and coating areas would also be worthwhile. The main emphasis of any future study should lie upon investigating whether the observed excess mortalities are due to any environmental factor, selection for health, or random fluctuation.
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PMID:Long-term mortality study of steelworkers. IX. Mortality patterns among sheet and tin mill workers. 120 43

In this review, the coronary haemodynamics of hypertrophic heart disease are discussed with reference to data published over the last 15 years. Coronary reserve is reduced in the presence of concentric cardiac hypertrophy, but is similar to normal in hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy and aortic stenosis, despite marked left ventricular hypertrophy. A moderate decrease in coronary reserve is found in aortic incompetence and in dilated essential hypertension. In hypertensive heart disease, improvement in coronary reserve can be achieved by long-term vasodilator therapy.
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PMID:Left ventricular hypertrophy, myocardial blood flow and coronary flow reserve. 130 Dec 55

The aim of the study was to delineate the influence of the ventriculo-atrial interval (VAI) in tachycardia with regard to the underlying heart disease. Haemodynamic studies were performed by the conductance catheter technique during paced tachycardia with a HR of 140, 160 and 180 beat.min-1 at various VAI in 10 patients; three with coronary heart disease (CHD), three with hypertensive heart disease (HHD) and four serving as controls. The influence of the VAI accounted for an overall change in cardiac index (CI) of 30 +/- 14%. Alterations in left ventricular peak systolic pressure (LVPSP) depending on VAI were significantly higher (P < 0.01) in CHD patients (32 +/- 9%) than in other groups (14 +/- 9% in the controls and 17 +/- 8% in HHD patients). The influence of VAI on left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) did not differ between the subgroups and accounted for a mean overall change of 32 +/- 14%. Atrial activation during the last third of the cardiac cycle led to the highest values of CI, LVEDP and LVPSP in the control group, whereas in HHD and CHD groups minimal values of CI were correlated with maxima of LVEDP and LVPSP. Conversely, with atrial activation during the medium third of the cardiac cycle minima of CI and LVEDP were observed in the controls, whereas in HHD and CHD patients the highest cardiac index coincided with the lowest LVEDP. Thus tachycardias have different haemodynamic effects depending on the nature of myocardial impairment and the timing of AV coupling.
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PMID:Haemodynamic analysis of atrioventricular tachycardia. 147 18

We report the electrocardiographic and electrophysiologic effects of magnesium (Mg) sulfate infusion in 25 normomagnesemic patients (16 men and 9 women, aged 22-74 years; mean +/- SD, 60.4 +/- 11.9) with different cardiac conduction impairments. Ten patients had chronic ischemic heart disease, two had idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy, two had hypertensive heart disease, three had valvular heart disease, five had sclerodegenerative heart disease and three had no clinical evidence of cardiac disease. Five patients had trifascicular block [first degree atrioventricular (A-V) block+right bundle branch block (RBBB)+left anterior hemiblock (LAH)], eight had bifascicular block (6 RBBB+LAH, 2 first degree A-V block+RBBB), four had isolated first degree A-V block and eight had bundle branch block [5 RBBB, 3 left bundle branch block (LBBB)]. Before and during Mg infusion (50 mg/min/60 min) we evaluated the A-V (P-R), intraatrial (P-A), suprahisian (A-H), infrahisian (H-V) conduction times, electrical ventricular systole (Q-T), Q-T index (Q-Tc) intraventricular conduction time (QRS) and heart rate. At the end of infusion the P-R, P-A, A-H, H-V increased from 215.4 +/- 36.6, 33.6 +/- 9.1, 112.8 +/- 37.3, 69.0 +/- 12.8 ms to 217.6 +/- 37.1 (p less than 0.002), 33.8 +/- 9.4 (NS), 114.2 +/- 38.1 (p less than 0.005), 69.6 +/- 13.3 (NS) ms. QRS complex did not change (125 +/- 16.9 ms).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Electrophysiologic effects of magnesium sulfate infusion in patients with cardiac conduction defects. 150 2

The clinical features of congestive heart failure in the elderly were investigated in 104 patients (57 males, 47 females, mean age of 79.2). Patients were divided into two subgroups, the readmission group, 33 patients who were readmitted within 6 months after discharge, and the non-readmission group. Chief complaints were dyspnea, edema, chest pain, loss of appetite, chest compression, and palpitation. Heart failure was caused by infection, myocardial ischemia, arrhythmia, inappropriate drug usage including poor drug compliance, the use of beta-blockers, excessive intake of sodium, and anemia. Careful use of drug was essential especially in the readmission group. Major underlying heart disease were ischemic heart disease (39.4%), valvular disease (26.9%), hypertensive heart disease (9.6%), with cardiomyopathy, congenital heart disease seen in the minority. There was no statistically significant difference in underlying heart diseases between the two groups. Supraventricular arrhythmias such as atrial fibrillations, paroxysmal atrial fibrillations, paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardias, and premature atrial contractions were noted in 85.3% of the cases. Drugs for treatment were diuretics, digitalis, isosorbide dinitrate, calcium antagonists. ACE inhibitors and alpha-blockers were also used, showing that vasodilators were more extensively used than before. The major complications were hypertension (39.4%), renal dysfunction (27.9%), cerebrovascular disease (26.9%), diabetes mellitus (16.5%), arteriosclerosis obliterans (7.7%). Renal dysfunction, arteriosclerosis obliterans was seen significantly more frequently in the readmission group. The prognosis at one year after admission was significantly worse in the readmission group. In summary, the major underlying diseases were ischemic heart disease, valvular disease, and hypertensive heart disease. Ischemic heart disease was seen more frequently than in previous investigations at our hospital.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Congestive heart failure in elderly readmitted patients]. 152 7


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