Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0018799 (heart disease)
 34,133 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (peroneal muscular atrophy) has been reported to cause cardiac arrthymias and conduction disturbances in association with peripheral muscle atrophy. To establish more accurately the frequency of such cardiac disorders in this disease, 68 patients with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease were evaluated prospectively for evidence of cardiac involvement. Cardiac findings were limited to five patients with conduction defects, two patients with supraventricular tachycardia, two patients with ischemic heart disease, and 20 with mitral valve prolapse. The frequency of each of the abnormal cardiac findings, with the possibly emalities in the population at large. The low incidence of cardiac involvement in patients with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease may be helpful in distinguishing this disorder from Friedreich's ataxia, an entity that may mimic Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease but that is frequently associated with heart disease.
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PMID:Cardiac findings in Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease. A prospective study of 68 patients. 48 49

Cardiovascular mortality rates (MRs) for 1970 were calculated from Department of Statistics reports for the various populations of the RSA and showed that the MRs for chronic rheumatic heart disease were highest in Coloureds and lowest in Whites, the rates for Asians and Blacks being intermediate, and that a relatively high proportion of all cardiovascular deaths in the 15- 24-year group were due to this disease. It was also found that the pattern of cardiovascular diseases differed in the various population groups as follows: in White males the MRs for ischaemic heart disease (IHD) were high (4 times the rate for cerebrovascular disease (CVD). In White females the MRs for IHD and CVD were similar and accounted for most deaths from cardiovascular disease. The MRs for hypertensive disease were low in Whites. Asians in the older age groups had the highest MRs for IHD, CVD and hypertensive disease of all the population groups. The MRs for IHD of Asians in general exceeded those of Whites. Coloureds had high MRs for CVD, relatively high MRs for hypertensive disease and other forms of heart disease (mainly ill-defined heart disease) and relatively low MRs for IHD (compared with Asians and Whites). Blacks had high MRs for CVD and other forms of heart disease (mainly ill-defined heart disease), relatively high MRs for hypertensive disease and very low MRs for IHD. The MRs for cardiovascular diseases in Blacks are not reliable.
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PMID:Mortality from cardiovascular diseases in the various population groups in the Republic of South Africa. 55 Apr 36

Local hypothermia as a procedure for myocardial protection was utilized in 50 patients; 17 had congenital and 33 aquired heart disease. On patient with diagnosis of A-V canal, previously operated on, died on the 2nd postoperative day after mitral valve replacement and closure of a residual defect. Two other valvular patients died suddenly on the 9th and 20th postoperative days from thrombosis of the prosthesis. The lengths of time of aortic clamping required for correction of these various cardiopathies were analized and correlated with the final results. In comparison with the experience of other authors, a close relationship between the duration of the myocardial ischemia and the figures of morbi-mortality was observed. It is concluded that local hypothermia constitutes an adequate procedure for myocardial protection on the condition that the length of aortic clamping times do not exceed certain limits.
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PMID:[Protection of the myocardium with local hypothermia in open heart surgery]. 55 36

1. The effects were examined of two approximately isoenergetic diets differing widely in saturated fat content on the levels of serum cholesterol and triglycerides of nomads and non-nomads in eastern Niger. Each person was also examined for clinical and electrocardiographic evidence of heart disease. 2. No significant differences could be found between serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels of 297 Anagamba nomad men consuming 73% energy as fat and 303 Kanouri sedentary men consuming 9% energy as fat. 3. Rheumatic heart disease was common in nomads and four possible cases of ischaemic heart disease were found in sedentary men only.
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PMID:Serum cholesterol, triglycerides and heart disease of nomadic and sedentary tribesmen consuming isoenergetic diets of high and low fat content. 61 67

Apexcardiograms were performed in 68 consecutive patients who had either normal findings or coronary artery disease on cardiac catheterization. The height of the a wave in relation to the total apexcardiographic deflection (a/H) and the duration of both the rapid (RFW) and the slow (SFW) filling periods were determined in each case. The patients were classified into three gorups: I, no evidence of heart disease on catheterization; II, significant coronary artery disease with elevated left ventricular end-diastolic pressure; and III, coronary artery disease with normal filling pressure. There was a significant difference (P less than 0.001) between the SFW/RFW values (mean +/- 1 standard deviation) in control subject (group I, 2.3 +/- 0.5) and in subjects with coronary artery disease (group II, 4.7 +/- 1.6 and group III, 4 +/- 1.7). Setting the upper limit of normal for SFW/RFW at 2.8 (mean + 1 standard deviation) identified 94 percent of patients, in group II, 71 percent of patients in group III and 86 percent of all patients with coronary disease (group II plus group III). This sensitivity appeared greater than that of the a/H ratio. Only 2 of 17 patients (12 percent) without coronary atherosclerosis had an SFW/RFW ratio greater than 2.8. It is concluded that (1) the slow/rapid filling period ratio is a useful noninvasive measurement for identifying subjects with ischemic heart disease; (2) the increased values for slow/rapid filling period ratio associated with obstructive coronary lesions may be caused by impairment of early left ventricular distensibility; and (3) this ratio should be determined in patients with other forms of heart disease to determine its specificity.
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PMID:Slow filling period/rapid filling period ratio in the apexcardiogram: relation to the diagnosis of coronary artery disease. 68 50

Despite the almost complete disappearance of the so called "postperfusion lung syndrome" after cardiac surgery with extracorporeal circulation (ECC), there is still a need for respiratory treatment in some cases, primarily for cardio-circulatory or respiratory reasons. In addition postoperative artificial ventilation is provided routinely in many centers for at least a few hours, until stabilization of cardio-circulatory and metabolic state is achieved. In 4 groups (I-IV) with a total of 659 patients (18 to 72 years old) undergoing open cardiac surgery for acquired heart disease (I: aortic valve, II: mitral valve, III: multivalvular disease, IV: coronary artery disease) postoperative cardio-circulatory and pulmonary complication rate, duration of artificial ventilation needed, PaO2 and some influencing factors have been evaluated. Group II and III show the highest rate of complications, 15.5 and 19.8% respectively, versus 7.7 and 8.1% in group I and IV respectively. The mean duration of postoperative respiratory treatment in cases with complications within all groups (133--156 h) is about 6 times the duration of respiratory treatment in the non complicated cases (23--24 h). In all 4 groups mean PaO2 at the time of extubation is lower for the complicated compared with the non complicated cases. Age of patients, severity of disease, preoperative pulmonary function, prolonged duration of ECC and myocardial ischemia have been found to be predisposing factors for postoperative cardio-pulmonary complications, whereas the duration of anesthesia and the type of anesthesia do not show any influence.
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PMID:[Cardio-pulmonary complications, respiratory treatment and PaO2 after open heart surgery (author's transl)]. 72 Oct 50

Air quality correlates of chronic disease mortality in 180 census tracts of Harris County, Texas, were studied using 3 years mortality for 1969--1971. This study was designed to test with a different data base the universality of several study results which have reported significant correlations between heart disease and air pollutants. Air quality data (suspended particulates, benzene solubles, sulfur dioxide, and metals associated with particulates: copper, mercury, manganese, lead, nickel, zinc, chromium, and cadmium) were related to both sex and age adjusted crude death rates, and cause-specific death rates for age cohorts for 7 categories of heart disease, and pneumonia, asthma, cancer, tuberculosis, and accident deaths. The results of the study were in agreement with the findings of the other researchers who used national data. Suspended particulates and cadmium concentrations were found to be correlated (r=.38, .36; P less than .001) with ischemic heart disease (IHD). Many other significant correlations are reported but are not cause-specific. Socio-economic indicators were also correlated with IHD, thus confounding the issue. Further work is planned using more sophisticated statistical techniques to disentangle the relative contribution of each of these highly intercorrelated factors. No causality can be assigned at this stage, although this study, with the other cited, points to possible risk factors for IHD which need further evaluation.
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PMID:Air quality correlates of chronic disease mortality: Harris County, Texas 1969--1971. 72 89

Five term and two premature newborn infants were referred for respiratory distress and congestive heart failure, and were found to have electrocardiographic Q or ST-T abnormalities suggesting ischemia. Echocardiographic and/or hemodynamic assessment excluded anatomic heart disease in six infants. In three infants, moderate or severe hemodynamic impairment within 36 hours of age was suggested by these studies. Myocardial perfusion images in all patients showed very poor myocardial uptake of thallium 201, compatible with global myocardial ischemia. Infants of similar age with myocarditis, or with congenital heart disease and congestive failure, had normal myocardial uptake. Rapid clinical improvement occurred within three to seven days. Two to five months later, all infants were well. Two had persistent electrocardiographic abnormalities but repeat thallium 201 imaging in six demonstrated almost normal myocardial uptake. These data provide further evidence that perinatal respiratory distress may be associated with myocardial dysfunction and congestive heart failure in some infants without anatomic heart disease, and suggest that myocardial dysfunction in these infants is associated with global myocardial ischemia, most of which is transient. The timing and nature of the insult causing the ischemia are unclear.
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PMID:Transient myocardial ischemia of the newborn infant demonstrated by thallium myocardial imaging. 76 22

Coronary artery disease patients frequently have left ventricular wall motion abnormalities. Though nitroglycerin is commonly used in ischemic heart disease, its effects on wall motion abnormalities is unknown. In this study we have evaluated the effects of nitroglycerin on wall motion abnormalities and on ejection fraction in 25 patients. Sixteen had coronary artery disease (greater than 70% luminal narrowing). Six had no evidence of heart disease and three had congestive cardiomyopathies with normal coronary arteries. Left ventricular angiography was performed prior to and six minutes after administration of 0.4 mg of sublingual nitroglycerin. Twelve of the 16 coronary artery disease patients had wall motion abnormalities, and in seven of these, segmental wall motion improved after nitroglycerin. In five, all motion did not change. The initial heart rate, left ventricular systolic and end-diastolic pressure, and left ventricular end-diastolic volumes were not different for those whose wall motion improved versus those whose did not. The increase in the former and fall in the latter three hemodynamic parameters were significant (P less than 0.01) and similar for the two groups. In those whose wall motion abnormalities improved after nitroglycerin, ejection fraction (mean plus or minus se) increased significantly (P less than 0.05), from 0.47 plus or minus 0.025 to 0.62 plus or minus 0.046. In those without improvement, the ejection fraction went from 0.55 plus or minus 0.056 to 0.58 plus or minus 0.051 (NS). Three patients with congestive cardiomyopathy showed no improvement in ventricular wall motion or ejection fraction after nitroglycerin. Left ventricular wall motion abnormalities and ejection fraction improved in some coronary artery disease patients following nitroglycerin. The mechanism for this is unknown; however, ventriculography before and after nitroglycerin may be of potential usefulness for identifying areas of reversible wall motion abnormalities.
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PMID:Improvement in left ventricular wall motion following nitroglycerin. 80 32

The present work was undertaken in order to study the role of monoamine oxidase (MAO) enzyme in the genesis of altered cardiac noradrenalin level in the human heart in various underlying pathologic conditions. The histochemical localization and the activity of MAO were studied in the right atrial appendage of man in ischemic heart disease, in valvular heart disease without or with congestive myocardial failure, and in hearts with an uncomplicated atrial septal defect. MAO was found to be localized mainly extraneuronally in the muscle cells, a little activity was detected in the connective tissue spaces, and nerves reacting positively were tentatively identified. There were no significant differences in MAO activity measured photometrically between the various heart disease groups. It seems that MAO activity measured photometrically between the various heart disease groups. It seems that MAO enzyme plays only a small or no role in the genesis of the latered noradrenalin level in the human heart observed in ischemic heart disease or congestive cardiac failure.
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PMID:Histochemically demonstrable monoamine oxidase activity in the adult human heart in various cardiac diseases. 82 12


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