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 34,133 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Brain abscess and subdural empyema are serious infections which can be metastasis of chronic suppurative diseases (bronchectasia, lung or abdominal abscesses) or of congenital cardiopathy, but they are more frequently seen in healthy adults suffering from chronic sinusitis or otitis. Brain CT scan with contrast media injection is the best tool for diagnosis and follow-up. It has transformed the prognosis of brain abscesses. Anaerobic oropharyngeal microflora is the main source of bacteria responsible for suppurative brain diseases. Surgical treatment consists of aspiration or, rarely now, of excision of the lesion. Medical treatment alone can be successful in selected cases, provided patients are closely monitored and antibiotics with good penetration into the brain parenchyma are used.
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PMID:[Cerebral abscess and empyema]. 798 21

This report presents an update of the prevalence of selected chronic conditions in the United States. Its purpose is to provide prevalence data by age, sex and age, race and age, family income, and geographic region for major chronic condition systems. It further assesses the percent of selected conditions that cause activity limitation, the percent for which a physician was consulted, and the percent that caused hospitalization. Conditions with the highest prevalence and those causing the most disability days are also analyzed. Trends in prevalence rates for the conditions with highest prevalence are examined as well. Information for this report is based on data collected during the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) for the years 1990, 1991, and 1992. This is a continuing nationwide survey of households for which a probability sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population of the United States is interviewed by the U.S. Bureau of the Census regarding the health and other characteristics of each member of the household. The sample for the years 1990-92 was composed of 142,638 households containing 368,075 persons. Each household was administered one of six of the chronic conditions system lists. Deformities or orthopedic impairments was the most frequent chronic condition reported with almost 35 million conditions. Other conditions high in prevalence were chronic sinusitis, arthritis, and high blood pressure with annual averages of 33.7, 31.8, and 27.6 million conditions, respectively. Mental retardation and multiple sclerosis caused the highest percents of activity limitation among persons afflicted, 87.5 percent and 69.4 percent, respectively. Deformities and other orthopedic impairments, arthritis, and heart disease caused the highest numbers of restricted activity days and bed disability days per year, whereas, malignant neoplasms of the lung, bronchus, and other respiratory sites, caused the highest number of restricted activity days per year, per condition reported, 96.1 days. In little more than a decade, the prevalence rate from asthma has increased almost 50 percent and the rate from chronic bronchitis has increased 46 percent.
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PMID:Prevalence of selected chronic conditions: United States, 1990-1992. 904 23

This article examines the relationships between allergic rhinitis and hypertension, chronic sinusitis and hypertension, and asthma and hypertension. Previous studies have demonstrated that men reporting seasonal or chronic rhinitis had on average a 3.5 mm Hg higher systolic blood pressure than those without allergic rhinitis. Proposed mechanisms to the relationship between allergic rhinitis and sinusitis with hypertension may lie in the pathway of obstructive sleep apnea via neurohumoral responses to hypoxemia. Asthmatics were 1.4 times more likely to have heart disease, and 1.3 times more likely to have high blood pressure, than non-asthmatics. The commonality of immunological dysfunction and inflammation between diseases of allergy and those mediated by hypertension and other vascular disorders may explain the correlations observed. Interestingly, obese individuals have higher levels of circulating IL-6, leptin and TNF-alpha skewing the immune system toward the allergen-reactive type 2 helper T-cell. This would mean that obese individuals were predisposed to diseases of chronic inflammation. The implications of allergic rhinitis, chronic sinusitis, and asthma deserve closer attention, especially into the possibility of co-morbidity for hypertension. Although associations between allergic diseases and hypertension have been reported, more studies need to be performed to elucidate the mechanisms behind such associations.
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PMID:Allergic respiratory disease as a potential co-morbidity for hypertension. 2086 73

Sleep medicine is evolving rapidly. This Journal Conference summarizes recent and upcoming developments in sleep-monitoring technology, our understanding of the underlying physiology of sleep disorders and the relationships of sleep disorders to other health problems, the treatment of sleep disorders, and regulatory matters in sleep medicine. Sleep medicine is a growing field, partly because of the obesity epidemic and partly because of an increasing recognition of how sleep disorders cause and/or exacerbate serious conditions such as heart disease, and how poor sleep increases societal costs (eg, decreased work/school productivity, and motor vehicle accidents from hypersomnolence). Some key questions that remain to be answered include: What are the best metrics for diagnosing the severity of sleep apnea? What outcomes are most relevant to evaluate the efficacy of therapy? What is the best type of positive airway pressure (PAP) therapy for each category of sleep disorder? What is the best approach to treatment when positive airway pressure does not work? How often should sleep studies be repeated? What are the indications for re-titration of the PAP level? What will happen to sleep laboratories, especially if reimbursement is reduced and portable unattended sleep studies gain in popularity? Could non-sleep-specialists interpret sleep studies? What is the role of increased nasal resistance in producing upper-airway obstruction? What is the influence of chronic sinusitis on adherence to PAP therapy? How do gender differences affect the incidence, morbidity, and outcomes of sleep apnea? What are the needs of special populations with sleep disorders, such as children, patients with mental impairment, psychiatric patients, and ICU patients?
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PMID:Sleep disorders: diagnosis and treatment. 2087 64

Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a chronic suppurative airways disease that is usually recessively inherited and has marked clinical phenotypic heterogeneity. Classic symptoms include neonatal respiratory distress, chronic rhinitis since early childhood, chronic otitis media, recurrent airway infections leading to bronchiectasis, chronic sinusitis, laterality defects with and without congenital heart disease including abnormal situs in approximately 50% of the cases, and male infertility. Lung function deteriorates progressively from childhood throughout life. 'Better Experimental Approaches to Treat Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia' (BEAT-PCD) is a network of scientists and clinicians coordinating research from basic science through to clinical care with the intention of developing treatments and diagnostics that lead to improved long-term outcomes for patients. BEAT-PCD activities are supported by EU funded COST Action (BM1407). The third BEAT-PCD conference and fourth PCD training school were held jointly in February 2018 in Lisbon, Portugal. Presentations and workshops focussed on advancing the knowledge and skills relating to PCD in: basic science, epidemiology, diagnostic testing, clinical management and clinical trials. The multidisciplinary conference provided an interactive platform for exchanging ideas through a program of lectures, poster presentations, breakout sessions and workshops. Three working groups met to plan consensus statements. Progress with BEAT-PCD projects was shared and new collaborations were fostered. In this report, we summarize the meeting, highlighting developments made during the meeting.
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PMID:Proceedings of the 3rd BEAT-PCD Conference and 4th PCD Training School. 3080 20