Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0018799 (heart disease)
 34,133 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Among the TORCH agents, the occurrence of rubella and human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) in Japan were studied. Rubella epidemics occurred throughout Japan from 1964 to 1969 and from 1975 to 1979. Low prevalences of CRS were observed in northeastern Japan, and high prevalences in southwestern Japan, with the highest in Okinawa. These conditions could be explained by the lower rate of rubella H1 antibody in the female population of southwestern Japan. Time of maternal rubella was in the gestational age interval from 26 to 57 days for cataract, from 25 to 62 days for heart disease and from 16 to 131 days for deafness. HTLV-1 is the causative agent of adult T-cell leukemia. Main route of transmission of this virus is mother-to-child transmission, through breast milk. Among the 311 mother-child pairs in Okinawa, 65 mothers (20.9%) and 10 children (3.2%) were seropositive for HTLV-1. Ten (15.4%) of the 65 seropositive mothers had seropositive children. These children had acquired their HTLV-1 antibodies by the age of 3 years. A significant difference existed between the prevalence rate of HTLV-1 antibodies in mothers and children.
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PMID:Perinatal viral infections. 139 25

The records of 293 patients admitted to Padua University Eye Clinic with diagnosis of optic neuropathy were reviewed. Age and sex distribution of different types of optic neuropathies were analyzed. 84 patients (28.7%) with a mean age of 61.9 years had anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (AION). The mean follow up of these patients was 3 years. In less than 30% of patients stabilized visual acuity of the first affected eye was better than 20/200; however, patients younger than 65 showed a significantly (p less than 0.01) better visual acuity than patients older than 64. Involvement of the second eye was found in 26 patients with AION (30.9%), of whom only five were considered idiopathic. The latency before controlateral eye involvement was significantly (p less than 0.05) shorter in patients over 64 years of age than in the younger group. Commonly known associated conditions such as giant cell arteritis (3.6%), arterial hypertension (34.5%), diabetes mellitus (10.7%), both arterial hypertension and diabetes (8.3%), migraine (7.2%) or intracapsular cataract extraction (1.2%) were considered. The frequency of a number of risk factors was found out in patients with arterial hypertension and/or diabetes and in patients with idiopathic AION. Symptoms or signs of ischemic cardiopathy and/or peripheral nonarteritic vascular disease, TIAs prior to AION onset, elevated plasma cholesterol or triglyceride levels, excessive smoking were considered. These risk factors were not found in 11.1% of diabetic patients with AION, in 37.9% of hypertensives, in 14.2% of both diabetic and hypertensive patients and in 31% of patients with idiopathic AION. Our data seem to indicate that the onset of AION may be influenced more strongly from these risk factors than aging.
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PMID:Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy and aging. 277 May 22

Accurate congenital rubella syndrome surveillance in Japan is of great interest because of the hypothesis that the Japanese rubella virus was less virulent than the strains prevalent in Europe and the Americas 20 years ago. A nationwide survey of deaf children with a history of maternal rubella in special schools for the deaf in Japan yielded a total of 365 deaf school children with congenital rubella syndrome born between 1963 and 1982. The overall average prevalence was 0.31 case per 100,000 population, and the incidence was 0.1-6.1 cases per 100,000 annual live births in Japan. If one considers the decrease in the number of deaf children attending special schools for the deaf because of the recent adoption of the policy of integrating deaf children into ordinary schools, the number of cases of congenital rubella syndrome might actually be much greater than that revealed by this survey and much greater than the 88 cases previously reported in Japan. Among the 365 cases who had deafness, 8.2% were found to have cataract (with and without congenital heart disease), and 11.0% were found to be complicated by congenital heart disease (but without cataract).
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PMID:Incidence of congenital rubella syndrome in Japan (1965-1985). A nationwide survey of the number of deaf children with history of maternal rubella attending special schools for the deaf in Japan. 376 13

In 1814, George Maton, first recognized that a mild illness characterized by rash, adenopathy, and little or no fever was a discrete entity. Henry Veale, in 1866, named the disease rubella. The illness attracted little attention until 1942, when Norman Gregg noticed that first-trimester maternal rubella caused serious birth defects. The full spectrum and impact of rubella embryopathy remained unclarified until rubella virus was isolated in tissue culture in 1962 by two independent groups: Parkman, Buescher, and Artenstein; and Neva and Weller. Using the new tools of the virus laboratory, many investigators concentrated on the consequences of a severe rubella epidemic in 1964, which affected approximately 1% of pregnancies. Newly recognized transient manifestations of congenital rubella infection (CRI) include neonatal thrombocytopenic purpura, hepatitis, bone lesions, and meningoencephalitis and late-emerging sequelae such as diabetes mellitus and progressive rubella panencephalitis added to the cataract, heart disease, mental retardation, and deafness previously defined as due to CRI. Sharp contrasts were documented between the patterns of virus excretion and immune response of postnatal vs. congenital rubella. Licensure and widespread distribution of attenuated rubella virus vaccines in 1969 have prevented epidemic rubella. Pockets of illness remain, even in the United States. Continued effort will be required to eliminate the rubella problem.
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PMID:The history and medical consequences of rubella. 389 Jan 5

The association of unilateral mandibulofacial dysostosis and anophthalmos at the same side is reported. The proband presented at the age of six months with: right anophthalmos and hypoplasia of the orbit at the same side, hypoplasia of the right mandible and maxilla, right external ear deformity, cyanotic heart disease, hemivertebrae, cataract and corneal opacity in the left eye. This case shows the maximal effect of the abnormal development of the first branchial arch (the mandible, maxilla, and ears) on the globe and the orbit. The other end of the spectrum in which the minimal effect on the globe was present (unilateral absence of choriocapillaris and retinal pigment epithelium inferiorly) was reported by Cotlier & Alghadyan in 1981. This supports the concept that abnormal development of the mandible may influence the development of the orbit and the globe. The extent of the influence of the abnormal developing first branchial arch on the eye is discussed.
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PMID:Anophthalmos and first branchial arch defects. 409 32

Birth weights of 42 full-term patients with congenital rubella syndrome were analyzed. All of these infants were products of pregnancies in which the exact dates of the maternal first day of last menstrual period and of the time of onset of the mothers' rubella rash were known. The range of time of maternal rubella associated with low-birth-weight was in the gestational age interval from 16 to 100 days. Low-birth-weight may have a relationship with time of maternal rubella rather than with the type of defects, i.e., cataract, heart disease, and deafness.
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PMID:Low-birth-weight and congenital rubella syndrome: effect of gestational age at time of maternal rubella infection. 729 13

We report familial acanthosis nigricans affecting a 35-year-old woman, her 7-year-old son and 5-year-old daughter. Absence of the eyebrows and eyelashes was noted in this family. The mother had no axillary hair and her pubic hair was sparse. The boy also suffered from congenital heart disease and a congenital cataract in the left eye. The combination of acanthosis nigricans and ectodermal defects in this family may represent a distinct nosological entity.
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PMID:Familial acanthosis nigricans with madarosis. 766 19

A better understanding of the functions of ascorbic acid would help clarify the magnitude of the influence of this vitamin on health-related conditions. Many of the purported benefits require confirmation as well as a knowledge of the mechanism of action. The majority of investigations of the association of vitamin C with various types of cancer, with cardiovascular risk, and with cataract formation were epidemiologic studies. Often it was not possible to discern whether the apparent protective effect was due to vitamin C, vitamin E, or carotene, or to a combined effect of these nutrients or of additional factors. Human intervention trials may provide definitive and quantitative assessments of the role of vitamin C in health maintenance. We need to gain a more thorough understanding of the interactions of vitamin C with other nutrients, such as vitamin E and carotenoids, in order to appreciate the role of vitamin C in disease prevention. Investigators are increasingly recognizing the diverse functions of vitamin C in the body in addition to its role in collagen synthesis. However, the functional consequences of these many important roles of vitamin C remain essentially unknown. Excluding scurvy, the health consequences of inadequate vitamin C status are not well characterized. Nonetheless, epidemiologic evidence suggests a role for vitamin C in cancer and heart disease as well as in a number of other diseases.
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PMID:Pharmacology of vitamin C. 794 25

A major societal challenge is to improve quality of life and prevent or reduce disability and dependency in an ageing population. Increasing age is associated with increasing risk of disability and loss of independence, due to functional impairments such as loss of mobility, hearing and vision; a major issue must be how far disability can be prevented. Ageing is associated with loss of bone tissue, reduction in muscle mass, reduced respiratory function, decline in cognitive function, rise in blood pressure and macular degeneration which predispose to disabling conditions such as osteoporosis, heart disease, dementia and blindness. However, there are considerable variations in different communities in terms of the rate of age-related decline. Large geographic and secular variations in the age-adjusted incidence of major chronic diseases such as stroke, hip fracture, coronary heart disease, cancer, visual loss from cataract, glaucoma and macular degeneration suggest strong environmental determinants in diet, physical activity and smoking habit. The evidence suggests that a substantial proportion of chronic disabling conditions associated with ageing are preventable, or at least postponable and not an inevitable accompaniment of growing old. Postponement or prevention of these conditions may not only increase longevity, but, more importantly, reduce the period of illnesses such that the majority of older persons may live high-quality lives, free of disability, until very shortly before death. We need to understand better the factors influencing the onset of age-related disability in the population, so that we have appropriate strategies to maintain optimal health in an ageing population.
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PMID:Epidemiological aspects of ageing. 946 67

The association of facial dysmorphy, congenital cataracts, microphthalmia, heart disease, and dental radiculomegaly is very rare. We describe a girl with atrial septal defect, unilateral congenital cataract, unilateral microphthalmia, radiculomegaly of incisor and canine teeth with open apices and other dental crown anomalies. This combination of symptoms clearly represents a distinct syndrome and has recently been described as oculo-facio-cardio-dental (OFCD) syndrome.
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PMID:Oculo-facio-cardio-dental (OFCD) syndrome. 964 4


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