Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0018799 (heart disease)
 34,133 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The authors analysed clinically 108 patients (61 males and 47 females), aged below 50 years treated at the department of neurology, because of acute cerebral ischaemia. Attention is called to risk factors such as arterial hypertension, heart disease, atherosclerosis, obesity and diabetes which may be the cause of earlier development of ischaemic changes in the central nervous system. In the analysed group in 18 cases cerebral thrombosis, in 23 cases embolism, in 31 cerebral circulatory failure were diagnosed. In 36 cases the cause could not have been established.
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PMID:[Acute cerebral ischemic disease in patients under the age of 50]. 88 1

Brain abscess is a serious complication of congenital cyanotic heart disease. We retrospectively evaluated the risk factors for brain abscess in 21 such patients treated between 1975 and 1990 in comparison with a control group. The mean arterial oxygen saturation, arterial partial pressure of O2, arterial blood oxygen content, and base excess in patients with brain abscess were significantly lower than in the control patients. The mean arterial partial pressure of CO2, pH, hematocrit, hemoglobin, and red blood cell content in patients with brain abscess were not significantly different. Patients with congenital cyanotic heart disease may develop minute encephalomalacia due to severe hypoxemia and increased blood viscosity resulting from compensatory polycythemia. The increased blood viscosity and reduced blood flow in the microcirculation may induce cerebral thrombosis or exaggerate minute encephalomalacia during dehydration or cardiac dysfunction, and shunted blood containing infectious organisms at such sites may be followed by focal cerebritis.
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PMID:Risk factors for brain abscess in patients with congenital cyanotic heart disease. 138 54

The authors studied 34 patients with juvenile ischemic cerebrovascular disease over a 15-year period. Of the 34 patients, 23 had intracranial occlusions attributed to cerebral thrombosis or embolism and 11 had occlusions resulting from moyamoya disease. Clinicopathological features were evaluated in the 23 cases with ischemic stroke, but not those with moyamoya disease. The cause of the arterial occlusion remained undetermined in 11 patients and was found to be an embolism based on congenital heart disease in 8, on trauma in 3, and on infection in 1. Cerebral angiography was performed in 21 patients. Of these, 17 had stenoses or occlusions corresponding to their symptoms. CT scans were performed in 10 patients; the lesion in question showed no stenosis or occlusion with cerebral angiography. With regard to prognosis, patients with unknown etiology had good outcomes compared with those with congenital heart disease. With respect to "acute infantile hemiplegia", 10 patients had convulsive seizures and 4 had a history of an earlier infection. Angiography and CT scans in patients with congenital heart disease demonstrated arterial occlusive sites in the middle cerebral artery region. Three patients had abscesses after their ischemic lesions.
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PMID:Ischemic stroke in infancy, childhood, and adolescence. 324 46

This review was limited to topics of current concern with respect to the use of oral contraceptives (OCs). Thromboembolism, liver injury, fertility and infertility, miscellaneous adverse effects (such as headaches and psychological and metabolic effects), and acceptance were the topics covered. It was found that the risk of death due to pulmonary embolism or cerebral thrombosis among users of OCs amounted to 1.5 per 100,000 women aged 20-34 years as against .2 for a comparable group not using drugs; for users 35-44 years old the risk rose to 3.9 per 100,000 compared to .5 for nonusers. The increased risk associated with suppression of lactation by administration of diethylstilbestrol was most striking among women over 25 years of age; in this group the risk was 10-fold greater than that of lactating mothers. 1 report suggested that women with pulmonary hypertension due to congenital heart disease should probably not receive OCs. Contraindications to the use of OCs must now include any history of thromboembolic disease or disorders of the blood-clotting mechanism. There appeared to be a predisposing factor among women who develop jaundice while taking OCs. A remarkable number of such subjects had had idiopathic jaundice of pregnancy. There seems to be little evidence for permanent liver damage but very definite evidence for bile stasis and transient morphological changes. Much more work needs to be done before any adverse effect on fertility is established. In cases where fertility reduction is suspected, it must be demonstrable that fertility prior to the use of OCs was unimpared. Among 20 patients on OCs who had had migraine, the attacks became more intense and their frequency increased for 15 of the 20 patients. Generally speaking, those using the intrauterine device (IUD) were more persistent in accepting the method than those on OCs probably because the IUD may be used more extensively than OCs in underdeveloped countries.
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PMID:Effects of oral contraceptives. 489 31

One hundred and one patients below 45 years and showing objective signs of cerebral ischemia were studied retrospectively for pathogenic factors. Twelve were below 15 years; the male to female ratio was 1:1. Factors known as predisposing (heart disease, hypertension, hyperlipemia, diabetes mellitus or infectious diseases) and other possible factors (e.g. trauma, abuse) were found in 41 patients. Among women using contraceptive pills there might be an increased risk of development of cerebral thrombosis, but the material was not large enough to warrant statistical analysis. In 64 patients one or more abnormal coagulation values were found, the most frequent being a deficient vessel wall fibrinolysis, which was noted in 38%. We therefore consider it worthwhile to investigate the fibrinolytic defence mechanism of the vessel wall in patients with cerebral thrombosis, since it is possible to treat this condition with specific fibrinolytic stimulating agents.
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PMID:Coagulation studies in children and young adults with cerebral ischemic episodes. 732 67

This article examines the issue of safe, effective contraception for women with cardiac disease. Although barrier methods do not complicate chronic illness, they are not as effective as oral contraception (OC) and the IUD. Effeciveness is an especially important criterion among such women because of the risks posed to their health by pregnancy. Clinicians must balance the decreased side effects of parrier methods with their failure rates. Specific side effects of OCs may worsen organic heart disease by increasing risks of embolic disease, hypertensive repsonse, fluid and water retention, and hyperlipidemia. Epidemiologic research has noted a 6-fold increase in the risk of deep venous thrombosis or pulmonary empolism and a 2-fold increase in risk of cerebral thrombosis in healthy OC users. The risk of myocardial infarction is greatest in women 35-44 years of age (54/100,000 users) and may be higher in patients already predisposed to empolic disease. These findings suggest that women with histories of coronary artery disease, thromboembolic disease, and cerebrovascular disease should avoid OC use. OC is also contraindicated for women with hypertension, although low-dose progestin-only pills can be prescribed.
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PMID:Contraception and chronic illnesses: cardiac disease. 1226 9

Lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] is a unique lipoprotein with controversial functions. Lp(a) contains apolipoprotein(a) [apo(a)] covalently attached to apolipoprotein B on the low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particle. The distribution of blood Lp(a) concentrations in several populations have been found to be skewed with Lp(a) being mostly present at low level (0-200 mg/L). A high Lp(a) concentration (greater than 200 mg/L) in blood increases the risk of various vascular diseases including chronic heart disease, acute myocardial infarction and cerebral thrombosis. With Lp(a) potentially having such deleterious effects, there is a need to ask what are the evolutionary benefit(s) of Lp(a) to humans and other mammals that have it. Lp(a) has been reported to offer a number of benefits such as providing protection from LDL cholesterol and providing a source of cholesterol in wound tissue. Furthermore, some evidence is emerging that Lp(a) has anti-tumor properties. Other surveys have indicated that Lp(a) is advantageous because it promotes longevity. Lp(a) is only found in humans, old world monkeys and hedgehogs. Individuals who do not express Lp(a) do not show any disease symptoms, which indicates that Lp(a) is not essential for human life. It still remains unclear why mysterious Lp(a) has evolved and is present in humans.
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PMID:Lipoprotein(a) in vascular disease, cancer and longevity. 2219 58