Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0018799 (heart disease)
 34,133 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

No single strategy is capable of preventing untimely deaths and disabilities. In the United States in particular, the contribution of medical care is limited by inadequate provision of services (particularly to the poor), inappropriate training of physicians, and unnecessary costs. Lack of knowledge about disease universally limits medicine's effectiveness. Among nonmedical strategies, campaigns for life-style change are most likely to succeed in those with the lightest burden of illness. Efforts to increase individual responsibility might well reduce health expenditures, but at the same time the disparity in health between rich and poor will increase. Restrictions on the use of harmful substances and on the manufacture of toxic or hazardous products, along with humanization of the work process itself, would reduce deaths from cancer, heart disease, and violence; however, resistance to these changes is, and will remain, great. The socioeconomic and environmental changes that are necessary to afford each citizen an equal opportunity for optimal health will be adopted slowly, if at all. Considering the limited acceptability of these nonmedical strategies, the prospects for prevention are less than what has been promised. Despite its perfections, medical care can contribute to the prevention of early death and disability. Attempts to disparage it could delay the adoption of the changes needed to improve its effectiveness.
 ...
PMID:Prevention: rhetoric and reality. 42 96

This article reports survey results to Ghanaian nursing students' perceptions of public health issues. Their views were ascertained through a questionnaire designed to capture ratings of educational curriculum concerns and perceptions of the importance of public health factors. Both frequency data and chi-square analysis were used to assess the ordinal position of health factors and gender differences, respectively. Chi-square analysis was also done to assess differences by age. Differences between men and women respondents existed on six of 15 health factors (p less than .05) including malaria, heart disease, measles, cancer, malnutrition and car accidents, while differences between age groups were found on two of the 15 factors (violence and cancer). Based on the ascertained student perceptions, current efforts in Ghana suggest that preventive health is an emerging concern to public health officials. As such, Ghanaian nursing students hold perceptions not dissimilar to those of U.S. health professions students.
 ...
PMID:Nursing student perceptions of public health issues in Ghana. 155 72

While it is commonly accepted that homosexuality finds less tolerance in the black community, little or no research has addressed this issue empirically. In the context of an epidemiological investigation of AIDS-related attitudes, 2006 state employees were surveyed to compare the condemnatory orientation of blacks and whites towards homosexuality. One item measured endorsement of a hostile proposition concerning the deleterious impact of AIDS on the homosexual population. Greater relative endorsement was found of the proposition by blacks confirming the hypothesis that less social tolerance of homosexuality exists in the black community. Analyses of gender, educational achievement, religious preference, and marital status revealed that the racial difference in condemnation of homosexuality was derived almost exclusively from a difference in attitude between black and white females. The primary source of this difference may stem from the black female perception that homosexuality exacerbates the developing problem of a decreasing pool of available black males already affected by integration, racially disproportionate incarceration rates, and relatively high rates of premature death among black males from heart disease, cancer, AIDS, substance abuse, and violence.
 ...
PMID:Condemnation of homosexuality in the black community: a gender-specific phenomenon? 176 24

An epidemiological study was undertaken to determine whether the animal carcinogen, epichlorohydrin (ECH), produces cancer in man. A total of 863 workers with probable exposure to ECH at two chemical plants during 1948-65 were followed up for deaths up to 1983. Twenty years or more after first exposure the all cancer SMR was 112.2 (22 deaths) and the SMR for leukaemia was 500.0 (three deaths), which is statistically significant. All cancer, leukaemia, and most other causes of death were related to estimated levels of exposure to ECH, except violence. The most consistent (both plants) relation was between exposure level and heart disease. Overall, the heart disease SMR 20 years or more after first exposure was 39.2 (five deaths) for low exposure and 105.4 (17 deaths) for high exposure. Limited evidence of a cardiovascular disease relation to ECH production in one other epidemiological study is supported by this study. Allyl chloride used in the production of ECH may play a part. The relation of heart disease and exposure does not appear to be an artifact, although the fact that many other causes of death were also related to exposure argues against a causal relation.
 ...
PMID:Mortality of workers potentially exposed to epichlorohydrin. 224 92

The first analysis of multiple cause-of-death data for Huntington's disease in the United States was performed, using data from the National Center for Health Statistics for the period 1971 and 1973 through 1978. The overall mortality rate was 2.27 per million population per year, approximately 80% higher than the corresponding rate for deaths in which Huntington's disease was listed as the underlying cause of death. Age-specific mortality rates peaked around age 60. Rates were similar for both sexes, and higher in whites than nonwhites. Age-adjusted rates were similar for United States whites and reported values from the Scandinavian countries. The leading causes of death were pneumonia and heart disease. Other common causes of death were nutritional deficiencies; mental disorders; cerebrovascular disorders; and accidents, poisonings, and violence. Suicide was rarely reported.
 ...
PMID:Huntington's disease mortality in the United States. 296 5

Population increase, rural-to-urban migration, excessive population concentration side by side with scattered rural populations, and the economic crisis provide the primary framework for this analysis of health manpower in Mexico. The secondary frame of reference is the primary causes of mortality (in 1981): the leading cause, accidents and violence; the second, heart disease; the third, influenza and pneumonia; and the fourth, enteric diseases and diarrheas. Data are supplied on the number of new physicians graduating (this number rose from 2,493 in 1976 to 14,099 in 1983), and on the number of nurses (about 98,000, of which 40% are professionals). The growth pattern of the contingent of dentists is the same as that of physicians, namely, disproportionate and inefficient. The Federal Government is now trying to set up a National Health System that will fulfill the constitutional right of all Mexican citizens to health protection. On the basis of the disequilibrium apparent in every part of the health sector, the author recommends that educational and health institutions plan and coordinate the training of physicians so that the number of graduates may meet the country's needs, and the quality of their education may be improved.
 ...
PMID:[Health manpower in Mexico]. 378 May 2

Although violent deaths due to the Northern Ireland civil strife receive wide publicity, up to three times as many people are killed in road accidents, and death-rate statistics reveal that natural causes predominate. Against this backdrop the study explores development of the death concept in Belfast children (n = 200). A disguised test technique was supplemented by more probing questions. Subject variables were age (five groups from 3 years 8 months to 15 years 8 months), sex, verbal ability, religious denomination, and place of residence. Vocabulary scores were significantly related to conceptual level for the 7- and 13-year-olds only. More advanced definitions were given by the 4-year-olds living in the 'troubled' areas, by both groups of 13-year-old Protestants and by the 15-year-old Protestants living in the 'less troubled' areas. Overall, the children attributed death more often to sickness than to accidents or to violence; just as frequently to heart disease and to old age as to explosions and shootings and more often to road accidents and to cancer than to specific local violence. These attributions quite accurately reflect the total objective situation, and suggest that violence is not a salient dimension for the children of the area.
 ...
PMID:Belfast children's awareness of violent death. 687 1

We show that Australian Aborigines living in North Queensland have had an impressive decline in infant mortality over the past 50 years. Since the early 1970s, much of the decline can be attributed to preventive and curative medical services. On the other hand, the growth trajectory of infants and children has improved only slightly since the early 1970s, and mean and median weights are still well below international standards. In addition, there is no evidence that life expectancy at birth has improved significantly since the early 1970s. The pattern of declining infant mortality and stagnant life expectancy is accounted for by unchanging mortality at older ages. The major contributing causes are heart disease and accidents and violence. We suggest that the decline of infant mortality is the result of specific policy decisions made by the providers of preventive health services that infant health would be the focus of their efforts. The result was that many other aspects of health were not dealt with and adult mortality stagnated. We also suggest tentatively that the reduction in infant mortality coupled with persistent high rates of low birth weight and low weight for age at 1 year may be related to the high rates of young adult deaths from ischemic heart disease observed in Aboriginal populations.
 ...
PMID:Health of populations in northern Queensland aboriginal communities: change and continuity. 800 17

Using Healthy People 2000 as the source document, regional task forces were formed at the request of the Health Promotion Section of the California Department of Health Services to set health promotion objectives and recommendations for the state's ethnic populations. The topics chosen by regional African-American task forces were (1) violence and abusive behavior, (2) physical activity and fitness, (3) nutrition, (4) tobacco, (5) educational and community-based programs, (6) cancer, and (7) heart disease and stroke. Objectives were expanded, linked together, and revised to meet felt needs. The regional task forces presented the first draft of the document for review at the Multiethnic Health Promotion Conference held in Sacramento, California, June 11 through 13, 1991. The expanded task force, including conference participants, amended the recommendations and ranked the topic areas in order of priority. The group also responded to the challenge of developing implementation strategies for the recommendations. We discuss the early stages of dissemination and implementation of the agenda among California African-American communities. American Indian, Asian/Pacific Islander, and Latino Task Forces have prepared similar documents, and each document will be used to prepare the Multiethnic Health Promotion Agenda for California. We summarize the process by which the papers were developed and provide detailed analysis of the African-American process.
 ...
PMID:A model for implementing Healthy People 2000 objectives in African-American communities in California. 832 93

Sudden death is becoming a matter for concern as this type of accident represents an increasing proportion of deaths from cardio-vascular causes. A campaign is being launched aimed at promoting early diagnosis and appropriate action at the time of the event itself. At the same time it is necessary to get to know the target population better, especially with regard to the specific anatomical conditions which are the cause of death. For the last seven years we have been carrying out a descriptive pathological research study. The first stage took form of a three year retrospective study (1989-1991) involving 365 subjects victims of sudden death. The second part was a prospective study carried out in 1994. Heart disease emerged as the principal cause of death, something which is already well known. More interesting was the discovery that 72.3% of the subjects were completely asymptomatic despite the fact that in 85% of cases they had bi-truncal or tri-truncal lesions. The same findings emerged from the study of a subgroup of persons who had died suddenly as a result of acute stress. The data obtained are extremely homogeneous. When compared to the findings obtained from a control group of the same age who had died as the result of violence, the difference between the two populations is highly significant. Finally we should like to draw attention to the lack of epidemiological data on sudden death available in France at the present time, and this despite the fact that it is undoubtedly a public health priority. There is a need to promote both education and action in relation to this somewhat disturbing subject.
 ...
PMID:[Cardiac sudden death in adults]. 918 96


1 2 3 4 5 Next >>