Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0018799 (heart disease)
 34,133 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Two patients had cardiac disease and serological evidence for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection. The first patient had myocarditis and complete atrioventricular heart block with repeated syncopal episodes two weeks following infection. The second patient had alcoholic cardiomyopathy and worsening congestive heart failure associated with RSV infection. The significance of RSV infection in these two patients may bear a significant relationship to sudden infant death syndrome, chronic cardiomyopathy, and alcohol-related heart disease. Cardiac disease secondary to RSV infection may be more prevalent than is presently recognized.
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PMID:Respiratory syncytial virus and heart disease. A report of two cases. 18 2

In 21.6% of infants who died of sudden infant death syndrome, the cerebral white matter showed areas of leukomalacia. Of those infants with congenital heart disease, 24.8% had lesions, whereas 4.4% of infants who died from known acute causes had lesions. The sites of the cerebral white matter lesions, subcortical or periventricular, seem to be related to the age of the infant.
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PMID:Cerebral white matter lesions in sudden infant death syndrome. 69 53

Gliosis is increased in the respiratory control area of the brainstem in victims of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), as it is in infants who have died of congenital heart disease. In the latter, the lesions appear to result from hypoxia or ischemia, and studies of the brainstem microvasculature of SIDS victims indicated a close relationship between the gliosis and adjacent vasculature. It is postulated that cerebral hypoperfusion may play a role in SIDS.
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PMID:Cerebral hypoperfusion in the sudden infant death syndrome? Brainstem gliosis and vasculature. 71 38

Over one quarter of the risk of death due to the sudden infant death syndrome (cot death) is attributable to maternal smoking. Maternal smoking during pregnancy and infancy is one of the most important avoidable risk factors for infant death. Nicotine is a drug of addiction. Many young smokers are addicted to nicotine and develop withdrawal symptoms on stopping. Smoking is an important marker for other types of drug abuse, e.g. alcohol, cannabis and cocaine. The earlier children start smoking, the greater the risk of lung cancer and heart disease. Smoking affects immunity and has been associated with an increased risk of acquiring human immunodeficiency virus-1 infection.
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PMID:Smoking and the young. 146 39

Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) and other clotting abnormalities are common in sick newborn infants who have a variety of conditions. To document evidence of DIC at autopsy, immunoperoxidase staining of fibrin-related antigens (FRA) was used to detect intravascular microthrombi in liver, kidney, and lung from 127 newborns. Patients were selected from seven major disease groups: hyaline membrane disease/bronchopulmonary dysplasia, infection, meconium aspiration, necrotizing enterocolitis, congenital heart disease, other congenital anomalies, and extreme prematurity. Staining for FRA in intravascular microthrombi was seen in 40% of cases studied. The liver showed the highest frequency of intravascular microthrombi, located predominantly in the sinusoids. Unlike the adult kidney, the newborn kidney seldom had evidence of intravascular coagulation. Extravascular staining of FRA was observed in the renal distal tubular epithelium in 48 cases, many of which also had evidence of intravascular FRA staining. No significant differences in FRA staining patterns were seen among the disease groups except for cases of extreme prematurity in which all tissues showed minimal staining. Control tissues from SIDS patients also showed minimal FRA staining. Hepatic sinusoidal staining was the only tissue finding that correlated with thrombocytopenia, a clinical indicator of DIC. Despite the use of this immunohistochemical staining method, discrepancies between the clinical and autopsy diagnosis of DIC remain.
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PMID:Immunohistochemical diagnosis of disseminated intravascular coagulation in newborns. 170 Apr 4

Sudden death in children as in adults is usually due to cardiac disease. Sudden death in the pediatric population may be divided into the sudden infant death syndrome, sudden death in previously apparently healthy children, and sudden death in patients with known cardiac disease. The sudden infant death syndrome is not proved to be due to a cardiac cause and may well be due to central nervous system and/or pulmonary causes. However, interest remains in the cardiac hypothesis. Recent work from our laboratory shows that screening for prolonged QT interval in normal infants is not likely to detect those prone to sudden infant death syndrome. In children with apparently normal hearts, symptoms of syncope or palpitation should be given close attention. Detailed electrocardiography and echocardiography will detect many, but not all, children with subtle forms of heart disease. Vigorous treatment may prevent sudden death in many of these children. Some sort of screening program should be devised for varsity athletes. Children with congenital heart defects are now, for the most part, corrected early in life, so that the congenital heart defect itself rarely causes sudden, unexpected death. The residua and sequelae of the heart defect and the surgery to repair it, however, may lead to sudden death. Improvements in surgical technique and earlier repair of congenital cardiac defects will ameliorate this problem. Prospective evaluation of postoperative patients and attention to dysrhythmias can prevent sudden deaths in those who are prone to them.
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PMID:Sudden cardiac death in the pediatric population. 172 7

A retrospective review was done of 601 consecutive emergency department deaths. Nontrauma causes accounted for 77% of the deaths and this group had an average age of 64 years and a male to female ratio of 1.9:1. Trauma caused 23% of the fatalities and this group had a younger average age of 29 years and a male to female ratio of 4.6:1. The most common causes of nontrauma death were sudden death of uncertain cause (34%), coronary artery disease (34%), cancer (5%), other heart disease (4%), chronic obstructive lung disease (3%), drug overdose (3%), and sudden infant death syndrome (2%). The most common causes of trauma death were motor vehicle accidents (61%) and gunshot wounds (16%). The overall autopsy rate was 40%. Death certificates were often in error.
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PMID:Cause of death in an emergency department. 205 14

To evaluate the role of orthotopic cardiac transplantation for infants with lethal cardiac disease, we reviewed the results from our first 25 patients. Data on the donors were also reviewed to define the characteristics of a successful cardiac donor. Patients had transplants between November 1985 and November 1988. Several primary cardiac diagnoses were indications for transplantation, including congestive cardiomyopathy, hypoplastic left-heart syndrome, and other types of native and postoperative complex congenital heart diseases. The ages ranged from birth to 7 months. Of 25 patients, 21 are still alive (84% survival rate) with follow-up from 4 to 40 months. No late deaths have occurred. Long-term immunosuppression was accomplished with cyclosporine and azathioprine. Rejection surveillance was performed noninvasively; only one child required an endomyocardial biopsy. Donors died from a variety of traumatic and metabolic causes, including sudden infant death syndrome. The majority (72%) of donors had a history of cardiac arrest requiring cardiopulmonary resuscitation. One third were receiving inotropic support at the time of cardiac evaluation. We conclude that orthotopic cardiac transplantation is an effective therapy for infants with lethal heart disease. A larger donor pool is required, and many dying infants, despite cardiac arrest and resuscitation, would be suitable donors.
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PMID:Cardiac transplantation in infancy: donors and recipients. Loma Linda University Pediatric Heart Transplant Group. 229 99

An examination of linked birth, death, and neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) records for infants born in Georgia from 1980 through 1982 who were admitted to NICUs participating in the state's perinatal care network reveals that infants who died after discharge had a median duration of NICU hospitalization of 20 days and a median birth weight of 1,983 g. The postdischarge mortality rate of 22.7 per 1,000 NICU discharges is more than five times the overall postnatal mortality rate for Georgia from 1980 to 1982. Demographic characteristics associated with infant mortality were not strongly associated with mortality following NICU discharge. The most common causes of death were congenital heart disease, sudden infant death syndrome, and infection.
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PMID:Mortality in infants discharged from neonatal intensive care units in Georgia. 291 75

Histological sections of the common carotid arteries from 259 children who were stillborn or died under 16 years of age were examined for intimal thickening, lamellar irregularities and ruptures, foam cells, and fat. Lesions were present at birth in approximately half the children examined, and the incidence increased rapidly in the first two months after birth. All the children had the early features of the prodroma of atheroma by 8 months of age. Compared with the findings of previous studies of the coronary arteries and aorta the histological findings appeared in the carotid arteries at an earlier age. The prevalence of intimal lesions in infant cot deaths, chronic diseases, and congenital heart disease was compared with that in all other children in the study. There was no difference in the cot death group, but in children under 2 years in both the chronic disease and heart deformity group there was a lower incidence of intimal thickening and visible fat.
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PMID:Early intimal lesions in the common carotid artery. 362 Dec 87


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