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Query: UMLS:C0018799 (heart disease)
 34,133 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of M-mode echocardiography as a non-invasive diagnostic tool when facilities for cardiac catheterization were not available. We used this technique to study 275 patients whose clinical diagnosis included hypertension, rheumatic heart disease, cardiomyopathy, peripartum cardiac failure, pericardial disease and some forms of congenital heart disease. Characteristic echocardiographic patterns made specific cardiac diagnoses possible and allowed a distinction to be made between clinically similar conditions. It is concluded that echocardiography is very useful in the African setting because it is safe and repeatable.
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PMID:M-mode echocardiography in the diagnosis of heart diseases in Africans. 55 66

Twenty-six cases of infective endocarditis seen at autopsy during the first decade of life, between 1911 and 1944, are compared with seven fatal cases between 1944 and 1977. The incidence of infective endocarditis at autopsy in this age-group has decreased since 1944 (0.60% to 0.23%). Before 1944, Gram-positive cocci were most frequently responsible. Rheumatic heart disease (31%) more often predisposed to infective endocarditis than did congenital heart disease and left-sided valves were most frequently involved. Peripheral septic foci and penumonia were the most frequent sources of infection. The introduction of penicillin and advances in cardiology and cardiovascular surgery have had considerable impact of the spectrum and evolution of the diseases. Fungi and uncommon opportunistic bacteria are now frequently encountered. Rheumatic heart disease rarely predisposes to infective endocarditis in this age-group, congenital heart disease being the major underlying disease.
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PMID:Infective endocarditis during the first decade of life. An autopsy review of 33 cases. 58 87

All autopsies on Black patients who died of heart disease at Baragwanath Hospital were examined for the years 1959, 1960 and 1976. The commonest form of heart disease encountered in South African Blacks is undoubtedly hypertensive heart disease and by far the majority of these cases are of essential hypertension. There appears to have been a slight rise in the incidence of hypertension. Rheumatic heart disease is extremely common, and affects young people, who often have advanced valvular lesions by puberty. The incidence of idiopathic cardiomyopathy does not seem to have altered materially, although there has perhaps been a slight drop, which may be accounted for by the tendency of clinicians to place cases of congestive cardiac failure with mild hypertension in the hypertensive group rather than in the idiopathic cardiomyopathy group. There was a significant alteration in the incidence of myocardial infarction; in 1959 and 1960 these cases comprised less than 1% of all cardiac deaths but in 1976 they comprised nearly 12%. There has also been a dramatic fall in the incidence of cardiovascular syphilis.
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PMID:The changing pattern of heart disease in South African Blacks. 60 91

1. The effects were examined of two approximately isoenergetic diets differing widely in saturated fat content on the levels of serum cholesterol and triglycerides of nomads and non-nomads in eastern Niger. Each person was also examined for clinical and electrocardiographic evidence of heart disease. 2. No significant differences could be found between serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels of 297 Anagamba nomad men consuming 73% energy as fat and 303 Kanouri sedentary men consuming 9% energy as fat. 3. Rheumatic heart disease was common in nomads and four possible cases of ischaemic heart disease were found in sedentary men only.
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PMID:Serum cholesterol, triglycerides and heart disease of nomadic and sedentary tribesmen consuming isoenergetic diets of high and low fat content. 61 67

Fifty patients with the following suspected diseases were examined: examined: congenital heart disease (25), rheumatic heart disease (7), infectious-allergic myocarditis (12), fibroelastosis of the endocardium (3), alcoholic cardiomyopathy (2), drug cardiomyopathy (1). Catheterization biopsy of the endo- and myocardium was accomplished with a special bioptome after catheterization of the heart. No complications occurred during or after biopsy. The results of histologic and histochemical examination of the bioptates of the cardiac muscle are discussed. On the basis of the data in the literature and personal experience, it is concluded that biopsy of the endo- and myocardium may be undertaken to specify the etiology and pathogenesis of cardiomyopathy. The method is comparatively safe.
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PMID:[Endomyocardial biopsy in the diagnosis of myocarditis and cardiomyopathies]. 67 90

Twenty-six major cardiovascular centers participated in a cooperative study of all cases of infective endocarditis occurring during a single calendar year to obtain an overview of infective endocarditis. The study was designed to learn which patients appear to be at highest risk to develop this infection after palliative or reparative cardiovascular surgery. Of 278 patients developing infective endocarditis during the year at these medical centers, 63 (23%) had had previous cardiovascular surgery and 215 had not. Seventy percent of the 278 patients had recognized congenital or acquired heart disease before developing the infection. Rheumatic heart disease accounted for over half of the patients with underlying structural heart disease. A majority (55%) of the 63 patients who had been operated on before developing endocarditis had prosthetic valves inserted. Of those who did not require prosthetic valves, the majority had congenital heart disease with systemic artery-to-pulmonary artery shunts. Although these data were obtained from a selected group of patients, they confirm a significant risk of endocarditis in patients with prosthetic valves and suggest that in postoperative patients with non-valvular congenital heart disease, the highest risk appears to be in cyanotic patients with palliative pulmonary artery-to-systemic artery shunts.
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PMID:A collaborative study of infective endocarditis in the 1970s. Emphasis on infections in patients who have undergone cardiovascular surgery. 75

The prevalence and relative frequency of congenital heart disease in high school and college students were investigated during the period April 1970-March 1976. Forty congenital lesions were found among 13,127 subjects which shows a rate of 3 per thousand. The ratio of congenital lesion to rheumatic heart disease was 4/1. Ventricular septal defect was the most common defect, found in 30% of all lesions followed by atrial septal defect (20%) and patent ductus arteriosus (17.5%). The prevalence and relative frequency in those investigated differed only slightly from the results obtained among children. The possibility of spontaneous closure of ventricular septal defect during adulthood strongly suggested itself when compared with our previous data on post middle age subjects.
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PMID:Congenital heart disease in high school and college students. 90 55

Thirty-one infants and children with cardiac disease were randomly selected to determine whether riboflavin deficiency is more prevalent among those with cardiac disease than among a group of comparable socioeconomic status without cardiac disease. Riboflavin studies were initiated since it is a representative member of the B complex and a specific and sensitive biochemical method is available to detect deficiency of this vitamin. The method involves the determination of the degree of saturation of erythrocyte glutathione reductase. Twenty-seven of the subjects had congenital heart disease and four had rheumatic heart disease. Eleven of the 31 had evidence of riboflavin deficiency, a significantly higher prevalence than among the group without cardiac disease. The deficiency existed among those with congenital and acquired cardiac disease. There was a greater tendency for the vitamin deficiency to occur among those with congestive heart failure. These studies indicate that nutritional deficiencies may be more prevalent among infants and children with cardiac disease than was previously thought.
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PMID:Riboflavin deficiency in infants and children with heart disease. 94 24

In a necropsy series of 75 patients with endomyocardial fibrosis who died during the years 1967 to 1971 in Mulago Hospital, Kampala, the site of the lesions in the heart was studied alongside with the age, clinical history, geographical distribution, heart weight and concurrent diseases. Most frequently involved were the posterior cusp of the mitral valve, the left ventricular wall (upper-mid and/or apical region) and the right ventricular wall wheras othter localisations turned out to be relatively rare. Intracardial thrombi were also often described. Rheumatic heart disease was the most important concurrent cardiac disorder. The range and variety of the lesions is discussed together with relations to age, sex and geographical distribution of the patients. The results give support to Shaper's hypothesis concerning the aetiology of endomyocardial fibrosis; however many unanswered questions about the disease remain.
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PMID:The variety in endomyocardial fibrosis. A necropsy study. 100 87

One hundred consecutive cases of rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease who were seen at Department of Pediatrics. Ramathibodi Hospital were reviewed. Particular attention was given to the pattern and the outcome of the cardiac status of the patients. The high incidence of severe carditis and tight mitral stenosis was similar to most reports from other developing countries. There was a poor prognosis for the cardiac status of those who came late, had more than valvular lesions, were in congestive heart failure, or had preexisting heart disease and atrial fibrillation. In spite of this, 6 patients had no evidence of heart disease after being followed up for less than 5 years.
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PMID:Juvenile rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease at Ramathibodi Hospital, Thailand. 102 12


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