Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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 34,133 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Cordyceps sinensis, a well-known and valued traditional Chinese medicine, is also called DongChongXiaCao (winter worm summer grass) in Chinese. It is commonly used to replenish the kidney and soothe the lung for the treatment of fatigue, night sweating, hyposexualities, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, asthemia after severe illness, respiratory disease, renal dysfunction and renal failure, arrhythmias and other heart disease, and liver disease. As the rarity and upstanding curative effects of natural Cordyceps, several mycelial strains have been isolated from natural Cordyceps and manufactured in large quantities by fermentation technology, and they are commonly sold as health food products in Asia. In addition, some substitutes such as Cordyceps militaris also have been used and adulterants also confused the market. Therefore, quality control of C. sinensis and its products is very important to ensure their safety and efficacy. Herein, markers and analytical methods for quality control of Cordyceps were reviewed and discussed.
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PMID:Quality control of Cordyceps sinensis, a valued traditional Chinese medicine. 1650 49

The endothelin-1 (ET-1) plasma concentration was measured in dogs with spontaneous cardiac or respiratory diseases. Plasma samples were obtained from 76 healthy control dogs and 73 dogs, of which 58 were suffering from heart disease and 15 were suffering from respiratory disease. Dogs were evaluated using echocardiography, thoracic radiography, biochemical evaluation and a radioimmunoassay for ET-1. ET-1 plasma concentrations were significantly higher in dogs with spontaneous cardiac or respiratory diseases (mean [se] 5.3 [0.3] and 5.3 [0.6] pg/ml, respectively) than in healthy dogs (1.9 [0.1] pg/ml) (P<0.0001). ET-1 plasma concentrations increased with the class of heart failure (International Small Animal Cardiac Health Council classification) (P<0.0001) and with the severity of pulmonary disorders. ET-1 plasma concentrations were positively correlated with the extent of systolic pulmonary hypertension measured by Doppler echocardiography (P<0.05; r=0.75) and with the clinical outcome of dogs with respiratory disease. Evaluation of the ET-1 plasma concentration allowed differentiation between heart and respiratory disorders in dogs exhibiting clinical signs at exercise, but not in patients exhibiting clinical signs at rest.
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PMID:Diagnostic and prognostic value of endothelin-1 plasma concentrations in dogs with heart and respiratory disorders. 1676 23

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a major cause of lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) (e.g., bronchiolitis and pneumonia) among young children in the United States. RSV also causes severe respiratory disease and a substantial number of deaths among older adults and persons with compromised respiratory, cardiac, or immune systems. RSV is transmitted person to person through close contact or inhalation of large droplets from a sneeze or cough; infection also can occur through contact with fomites (i.e., contaminated surfaces or objects). In temperate climates, peak RSV activity typically occurs during the winter. This report presents preliminary data on RSV activity reported to the National Respiratory and Enteric Virus Surveillance System (NREVSS) for the weeks ending July 8-November 18, 2006, indicating the onset of the 2006-2007 RSV season, and summarizes RSV trends during July 2005-June 2006. Health-care providers should consider RSV in the differential diagnosis for persons of all ages with LRTIs and implement appropriate isolation precautions to prevent nosocomial transmission from RSV-infected patients. Immune prophylaxis should be considered for certain infants and young children at high risk for complications from RSV infection (e.g., certain premature infants or infants and children with chronic lung and heart disease).
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PMID:Brief report: respiratory syncytial virus activity--United States, 2005-2006. 1713 23

The UK has had a pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccination (PPV) programme for groups at higher risk of invasive disease since 1992. This paper presents data from a sample of primary-care practices (Q-RESEARCH) of PPV uptake in patients according to their risk status. Of 2.9 million registered patients in 2005, 2.1% were vaccinated with PPV in the preceding 12 months and 6.5% in the preceding 5 years. Twenty-nine per cent of the registered population fell into one or more risk groups. The proportion of each risk group vaccinated in the previous 5 years ranged from 69% (cochlear implants), 53.4% (splenic dysfunction), 36.5% (chronic heart disease), 34.7% (diabetes), 22.9% (immunosuppressed), 28.7% (chronic renal disease), 15.9% (sickle cell disease) to 12.6% (chronic respiratory disease). Uptake was lower in areas where the non-white proportion of population was >10%. In conclusion, there remain large gaps in the uptake of PPV in several high-risk populations in the United Kingdom. Effective strategies need to be developed to address these deficiencies.
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PMID:Uptake of pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine in at-risk populations in England and Wales 1999-2005. 1744 14

This research study examined the usefulness of the ICD-10-CM system in capturing public health diseases (reportable diseases or the nationally notifiable infectious diseases, leading causes of death, and morbidity/mortality related to terrorism), when compared to ICD-9-CM.1-3 It also examined agreement levels of coders when coding public health diseases in both ICD-10-CM and ICD-9-CM. Overall results demonstrate that ICD-10-CM is more specific and fully captures more of the public health diseases examined than ICD-9-CM. In the analysis of all the public health diseases, such as reportable diseases (p<0.001), top 10 causes of death (p<0.001), and those related to terrorism (p<0.001), it was found that the overall rankings for disease capture for ICD-10-CM were significantly higher than the rankings for ICD-9-CM. When examining whether diseases were captured more straightforwardly and clearly (regarding agreement levels) between coding systems, statistically significant differences were found for external causes of injury (p<0.001), diabetes (average rank only, p<0.05), lower respiratory disease (p<0.001), heart disease (p<0.001), and malignant neoplasms (p<0.05). Although this result may be due to the coder's higher level of experience with ICD-9-CM, it also points to the potential need for more specific coding education and practice with the ICD-10-CM system.
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PMID:The effectiveness of ICD-10-CM in capturing public health diseases. 1806 56

During 2007, the human species became predominantly urban. Australia is highly urbanised, and health varies within Australian cities. Australian urban life is characterised by sedentariness, excess food intake, reliance on cars for transport, a high level of exposure to media and marketing messages, and a consumer culture. These characteristics are linked to obesity, diabetes, heart disease, some cancers, chronic respiratory disease, injury, depression and anxiety. The evolution of cities has been characterised as a four-stage process: poverty, industrial, consumption and eco-city. Each stage but the last has defining health disorders. Transition to healthy and sustainable cities requires infrastructure investment in new urban areas (including mass transit, education and health services), better conditions for walking and cycling, access to healthy food and encouragement of suburban economic development. There is a role for everyone in the transition to healthy and sustainable cities.
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PMID:The way we live in our cities. 1807 10

The aim of the present study was to analyse the role of potential selection processes and their impact when evaluating risk factors for 30-day mortality among patients hospitalised for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). A cohort of 26,039 patients aged > or = 35 yrs and hospitalised with COPD were enrolled. A 30-day follow-up was carried out using both the cause mortality register (CMR) and the hospital discharge register (HDR). Individual and hospital factors associated with 30-day mortality were studied using both mortality outcomes. The 30-day mortality rate was 1.21.1,000 patient-days(-1) (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.14-1.29) using the CMR, and 1.06.1,000 patient-days(-1) (95% CI 0.98-1.13) using the HDR. Male patients, the most poorly educated, those who resided outside Rome and those who had more than one hospitalisation in the previous 2 yrs were more likely to die after discharge than when hospitalised. The most frequent cause of in-hospital death was respiratory disease and after discharge, heart disease. Older age, male sex, comorbidities, previous hospitalisations for respiratory failure, and admission to a ward not appropriate to treat respiratory diseases were the most important predictors of 30-day mortality. Using in-hospital 30-day mortality provides a significantly different estimate of the role of specific risk factors.
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PMID:The impact on risk-factor analysis of different mortality outcomes in COPD patients. 1844 92

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) ranks fourth as a cause of death in the United States, behind heart disease, cancer, and stroke. Additionally, since serious co-morbidities are often present in patients with COPD, many die from other diseases such as cardiac disease or cancer. Not surprisingly, multiple factors, reflective of both respiratory disease process and the substantial co-morbidity, predict survival in the disease. As might be expected, physiologic derangements such as airflow obstruction, hypoxemia, lung hyperinflation, and exercise capacity predict survival in COPD. Anemia, cachexia and reductions in lean body mass also relate to prognosis. Perhaps less recognized is the more recent documentation that more subjective assessments, such as dyspnea and health related quality of life, are also important predictors of survival. The integration of some of the most important of these variables may provide a more comprehensive evaluation of disease severity. For example, a validated multi-dimensional disease rating that includes the body mass index (B), degree of airflow obstruction (O), dyspnea (D), and exercise capacity (E) (BODE Index) is capable of predicting COPD-related hospitalization and mortality more than its individual components.
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PMID:Predictors of Survival in COPD: more than just the FEV1. 1858 94

Preventive health care decisions and recommendations become more complex as the population ages. The leading causes of death (i.e., heart disease, malignant neoplasms, cerebrovascular disease, and chronic lower respiratory disease) among older adults mirror the actual causes of death (i.e., tobacco use, poor diet, and physical inactivity) among persons of all ages. Many aspects of mortality in older adults are modifiable through behavior change. Patients 65 years and older should be counseled on smoking cessation, diets rich in healthy fats, aerobic exercise, and strength training. Other types of preventive care include aspirin therapy; lipid management; and administration of tetanus and diphtheria, pneumococcal, and influenza vaccines. Although cancer is the second leading cause of death in patients 65 years and older, a survival benefit from cancer screening is not seen unless the patient's life expectancy exceeds five years. Therefore, it is best to review life expectancy, functionality, and comorbidities with older patients when making cancer screening recommendations. Other recommended screenings include abdominal aortic aneurysm for men 65 to 75 years of age, breast cancer for women 40 years and older with a life expectancy greater than five years, and colorectal cancer for men and women 50 years and older with a life expectancy greater than five years.
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PMID:Geriatric screening and preventive care. 1869 3

This article about special care dentistry in the middle years considers people who have Down's syndrome and cerebral palsy and those who have cardiac and respiratory disease. The increased life expectancy of people with Down's syndrome, currently 50-60 years, is reflected in the changing population profile and needs of these individuals. The preventive and dental treatment of most people with Down's syndrome and cerebral palsy can be met in general dental practice. However, those people with profound disability, anxiety or learning disability may require either a shared approach to care or referral for specialist care. Cardiac and respiratory disease occur commonly in the general population both in middle and older age groups and the dental team will meet increasing numbers of people with these conditions. The procedures and drugs used in dentistry can aggravate heart disease and it is important that the dental team are aware of the common cardiac conditions and their management, as well as how to best manage the oral care of this group. Also, they have a role to play in the provision of oral health advice, smoking cessation and dietary advice. This is particularly important as poor oral hygiene has been linked to respiratory pathogen colonisation and dental plaque may act as a reservoir for aspiration pneumonia in susceptible individuals.
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PMID:Access to special care dentistry, part 8. Special care dentistry services: seamless care for people in their middle years - part 2. 1884 33


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