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 34,133 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The causes of death in 130 patients with Down's Syndrome and mortality rates from a material of 524 patients were tabulated; a life-table for the ages over 5 years was constructed. An overall death rate of 5-7 times the general population rate was found. No sex difference was observed. The excess mortality was expecially high for heart disease and respiratory disease. Also infectious diseases, others than pneumonia and tuberculosis, showed high mortality rates.
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PMID:Mortality and life-table in Down's syndrome. 12 22

In a 22-year followup of 3686 San Francisco longshoremen, the roles of physical activity, cigarette smoking habit, and systolic blood pressure level were evaluated independently in relation to risk of death from a broad range of diseases. Smoking pattern and blood pressure status were established in 1951 and job activity was assessed annually during the followup period. Lower levels of energy expenditure predicted increased risk of fatal heart attack and perhaps of stroke. Heavy cigarette smoking predicted increased risk of death from heart attack, cancer, chronic obstructive respiratory disease, and pneumonia. Higher levels of systolic blood pressure were associated with death from all cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, and cirrhosis. Tacit to these findings: sedentary living takes its toll largely through heart disease and stroke; the toxicity of cigarette smoking is associated with a broader range of diseases, including heart attack, cancer, and respiratory disease; and higher level of blood pressure related to an even broader range of cardiovascular disease than either of the other characteristics studied.
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PMID:Energy expenditure, cigarette smoking, and blood pressure level as related to death from specific diseases. 68 71

This is the second update of a study of 3,444 taconite miners and millers who were first exposed to taconite, with associated exposures to silica and nonasbestiform amphiboles, in the period 1947 through 1958. Previous analyses of deaths through 1977, and again through 1983, showed no significant excess deaths from any specific causes. The present study continues the follow-up through 1988, adding 14,748 person-years of observation and 261 death certificates for analysis. The population, reduced to 3,431 because of the detection of 13 earlier duplications, has now been observed for 101,055 person-years, with 1,058 deaths and 1,039 death certificates. Death certificates were obtained for 98.2% of those known to be dead. The total number of deaths was significantly fewer than expected. Based on US rates, the standardized mortality ratio (SMR) was 83 (ie, 83% of expected). Based on Minnesota death rates, it was 91. With both US and Minnesota death rates, the SMRs for malignant neoplasms, cancer of the respiratory tract, cancer of the digestive system, heart disease, nonmalignant respiratory disease, and cirrhosis of the liver were all below 100. Slightly elevated SMRs were found for cancer of the colon, cancer of the kidney, and lymphopoietic cancer. These elevations were not statistically significant. Separate analyses were made of total deaths, lung cancer deaths, and kidney cancer deaths in men who had worked with taconite for time periods of less than 1 year, 1-5 years, 5-10 years, and over 10 years, during observation periods less than 10 years, 10-20 years, and over 20 years.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:An updated study of taconite miners and millers exposed to silica and non-asbestiform amphiboles. 133 7

In order to determine the changes in the clinico-pathological pattern of admitted patients in an internal medicine department, 240 patients/year were compared during the years 1984 and 1989. A predominant proportion of males was registered (3:2); which did not vary by the year. An increased tendency of the median age (55.78 vs 58.48 years) was also established. The medium time of admission (8.98 vs 9.5 days) and mortality rate (6.3% vs 7.1%) did not change. A high rate (greater than 50%) of cardiovascular and respiratory disease was found on analyzing the cause of admission; in 1989 infection caused by HIV was detected and admissions to optimize the treatment of patients with diabetes mellitus were observed which did not exist in 1984. A slight but surprising decrease in admissions due to acute ischemic cardiopathy and significant decrease of admissions owing to respiratory disease were also noted. The majority of the patients admitted had a baseline disease (85% in 1984 and 87.1% in 1989). The knowledge of these data and their variations in every hospital department will, undoubtedly, assist in achieving a better use of technical and human health resources.
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PMID:[Comparative morbidity study 1984-1989 in the internal medicine department of a second-level general hospital]. 188 42

Mortality rates for institutionalized persons with mental retardation were presented. Rates were provided for two time intervals, 1974 through 1979 and 1980 through 1985, and by age, race, and gender. Consistent differences between black and white residents or by gender were not indicated. However, significant improvement in mortality did occur between the two time periods. Persons with profound retardation were found to have higher mortality than those whose retardation was mild to severe. Respiratory disease was the most prevalent cause of death among the individuals with profound mental retardation, whereas heart disease and cancer were the most common causes of death among persons with mild, moderate, or severe retardation. Aging of the population was noted over the period of the study, indicative of the increasing frailty of the institutionalized population.
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PMID:Mortality in a large southeastern facility for persons with mental retardation. 200 9

To test the hypothesis that firefighter exposures may increase cancer risk, mortality rates were calculated for 3,066 San Francisco Fire Department firefighters employed between 1940 and 1970. Vital status was ascertained through 1982, and observed and expected rates, rate ratios (RR), and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were computed using United States death rates for comparison. The total number deceased (1,186) was less than expected and there were fewer cancer deaths than expected. However, there were significant excess numbers of deaths from esophageal cancer (12 observed, 6 expected), cirrhosis and other liver diseases (59 observed, 26 expected), and accidental falls (21 observed, 11 expected). There were 24 line-of-duty deaths, which were primarily due to vehicular injury, falls, and asphyxiation. Heart disease and respiratory disease deaths occurred significantly less often than expected. It was concluded that the increased risks of death from esophageal cancer and cirrhosis and other liver diseases may have been due to firefighter exposures, alcohol consumption, or interaction between alcohol and exposures. Because this was an older cohort and firefighter exposures have changed due to the increasing use of synthetic materials, it is recommended that the effects of modern-day exposures be further studied.
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PMID:An epidemiologic study of cancer and other causes of mortality in San Francisco firefighters. 200 22

This self-directed learning module addresses core concepts in the assessment of any child with disability, including physical growth and development, evolution of reflexes, and cognitive and personality development. It is a section of the chapter on pediatric rehabilitation for the Self-Directed Medical Knowledge Program Study Guide for practitioners and trainees in physical medicine and rehabilitation. The rehabilitation perspective is emphasized, especially as it changes to accommodate the developing child, with a focus on specific chronic disorders such as respiratory disease, congenital heart disease, and malignancy. These types of disorders serve as a model for the management of problems that require special medical, rehabilitative, and psychosocial consideration.
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PMID:Pediatric rehabilitation. 1. General principles and special considerations. 265 54

Risk factors for temporal changes in chronic respiratory disease mortality were evaluated from two studies conducted in Washington County, Maryland. The first examined the mortality of a private census population (greater than 35,000 whites) enumerated in 1963 over two subsequent time periods by age, sex, and initial smoking status. The second examined the 10-yr mortality of a subset of the 1963 census (884 men who had undergone spirometry). We observed a fall in age-adjusted mortality from all causes and from arteriosclerotic heart disease (ASHD), but an increase in COPD mortality. However, the increase in these chronic pulmonary deaths is essentially confined to persons who were smoking cigarettes at the beginning of the study period. Furthermore, while smokers showed an increased mortality risk for all causes, the excess mortality risk did not fall uniformly across cigarette smokers. It is a major observation of this study that all-cause and cardiovascular (as well as pulmonary) mortality are significantly more often found among subjects with ventilatory impairment (independent of smoking status). Reasons for the association of ASHD mortality with impaired forced expiration are discussed. Thus, men at increased risk for three (ASHD, lung cancer, COPD) of the five leading causes of death (three of eight for women) may be identified by spirometry. Perhaps it is time that this test was more generally applied.
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PMID:Respiratory risk factors and mortality: longitudinal studies in Washington County, Maryland. 278 61

Iris microhemangiomas (IM) are benign proliferations of small, twisted blood vessels along the pupillary margin. They are usually bilateral and appear to be developmental in nature. IMs most commonly occur in patients with myotonic dystrophy and adult-onset diabetes mellitus, but have also been associated with respiratory disease, congential heart disease, and central retinal vein occlusion. Additionally, they may be found in individuals without obvious ocular or systemic abnormality. The etiology remains obscure. In this report, illustrative cases are followed by a brief discussion outlining typical clinical manifestations, etiological considerations, and possible implications.
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PMID:Iris microhemangiomas. 318 74

We report about 6 infants with serious respiratory disease who revealed a tracheal bronchus on bronchoscopic or bronchographic examination. In two of these children this finding seemed to be the main problem; it could be cured by surgical or conservative therapy. The course of the further 4 children's disease was determined by additional serious malformations (Oesophageal atresia, congenital heart disease, anomalies of the pulmonary arteries). In these cases, the tracheal bronchus did not influence the clinical course significantly.
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PMID:[Clinical relevance of the tracheal bronchus]. 336 9


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