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Query: UMLS:C0018799 (heart disease)
 34,133 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Cardiac disease associated with congestive heart failure was found to be the most common cause (22 of 76) of pericardial effusion in patients referred for echocardiography. Parameters of left heart function were markedly abnormal in these patients with congestive heart failure and pericardial effusion, but were not significantly different from a group of patients with congestive heart failure without pericardial effusion. Clinical findings consistent with cardiac decompensation also failed to discern between these two groups. Nonetheless, patients with congestive heart failure with pericardial effusion had significantly larger right ventricular internal dimensions than those without effusion. Patients with pericardial effusion related to congestive heart failure (P < .01), heart disease without congestive heart failure (P < 0.001) and those patients post recent myocardial infarction (P < 0.05) had significantly larger right ventricular internal dimensions in diastole than normal subjects. Patients with pericardial effusions related to recent open heart surgery, idiopathic pericarditis or of miscellaneous causes had normal right ventricular internal dimensions. It is likely that right ventricular dilation indicates abnormal volume/pressure relationships of the right heart and that this abnormality, through alterations in venous and lymphatic drainage, underlies the accumulation of pericardial effusion in these patients with heart disease with or without congestive heart failure.
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PMID:Echocardiographic observations regarding pericardial effusions associated with cardiac disease. 742 56

Three hundred and five patients routinely referred to a general hospital were surveyed to assess the advantages of cross-sectional echocardiography (CSE) over the conventional M mode method. CSE provided a dynamic display of the movement of the heart, particularly left ventricular function, and facilitated the location of cardiac structures. It was valuable in assessing the degree of mitral stenosis and the type of left ventricular outflow obstruction. Mitral valve prolapse, pericardial effusion, intracardiac tumours and congential heart disease were more easily diagnosed than by M mode techniques, but the origin of the basal systolic murmur still remained a problem. It was concluded that the 2 systems were complementary, and that CSE provided important additional information which improved the diagnostic capability of echocardiography.
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PMID:The use of cross-sectional echocardiography in a general hospital. 743 19

Left atrial enlargement can usually be detected accurately using M mode echocardiography. However, in the presence of heart disease, asymmetric enlargement may lead to inaccurate assessment of left atrial size and shape. Pericardial effusion can usually be diagnosed on the basis of characteristic M mode echocardiographic findings. However, false positive patterns sometimes occur with the use of this single dimensional technique. Three patients with a greatly enlarged left atrium are described whose M mode echocardiogram suggested significant posterior pericardial fluid accumulation. In each patient, two dimensional echocardiography detected portions of a huge left atrium that prolapsed behind the left ventricular posterior wall and mimicked an isolated posterior pericardial effusion. In one case a right anterior oblique left ventricular cineangiogram suggested the presence of a ventricular septal defect or a false aneurysm of the left ventricle due to the prolapsed left atrium. Because two dimensional echocardiography can provide accurate spatial orientation with visualization of intracardiac structures in relation to one another in real time, it can identify the presence of left atrial prolapse and play an important role in the differential diagnosis of isolated echo-free spaces behind the left ventricle detected with M mode echocardiography.
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PMID:Prolapsed left atrium behind the left ventricular posterior wall: two dimensional echocardiographic and angiographic features. 746 4

Auscultatory, ECG, and echocardiographic data have been presented for healthy llamas. The literature, however, contains little information on the incidence of congenital and acquired heart disease in the llama. Data compiled from the medical records at CSU-VTH and the VMDB provide an indication of the types of cardiac disease to be found in llamas in North America. A wide variety of congenital cardiac defects are found in llamas, the most prevalent defect of which is VSD. Llamas tend to do well with this defect but are unlikely to be useful pack animals. Acquired heart disease primarily involved inflammatory processes of the pericardium, endocardium, epicardium, and myocardium, and pericardial effusion without documented inflammatory disease. Although not every cardiac murmur necessitates a complete cardiac work-up, every effort should be made to compile accurate medical histories and physical findings related to the cardiac disease in llamas in order to advance our knowledge of these disorders. There also is a need to use available technologies to better define cardiac abnormalities in the llama and accurately report these findings in the literature before cardiology of llamas is fully understood.
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PMID:Llama cardiology. 795 67

Eighty-one consecutive patients, 32 males and 49 females, with biopsy-proven systemic sarcoidosis, none of whom had clinical evidence of heart disease, underwent M-mode and two-dimensional echocardiography, ECG and chest X-ray in order to investigate the frequency of sarcoid pericardial effusion. Mild or moderate size pericardial accumulations were found by echocardiography in 17 patients (21%), four males and 13 females (mean age 49.7 +/- 9.2 years). Pericardial effusion could not be correlated with clinical symptoms or physical signs, chest X-ray and ECG findings. All 17 patients with pericardial effusion were also studied by technetium-99m pyrophosphate radionuclide myocardial imaging, targeting to reveal the coincident presence of specific heart muscle disease or 'infiltrative cardiomyopathy'. The results showed abnormal scans in 13 of 14 patients with technically satisfactory scans, indicating the coincidence of sarcoid myocardial involvement in 92% of the patients with pericardial effusion, representing 16% of the total population studied. Thus, pericardial effusion in sarcoidosis should not be considered a rare condition, while concomitant presence of positive technetium-99m pyrophosphate radionuclide myocardial imaging could suggest that sarcoid pericardial effusion is often accompanied by specific heart muscle disease. This observation has not been well established previously in the literature.
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PMID:Pericardial effusion concomitant with specific heart muscle disease in systemic sarcoidosis. 797 54

Valvar heart disease is a rare complication of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA), the aortic valve being most commonly affected. Reported cases with symptomatic mitral involvement are rare. We describe a 13-year-old boy with seronegative, polyarticular onset of JRA in whom mitral and aortic valve insufficiency was diagnosed by clinical and laboratory investigations. Two-dimensional and continuous-wave Doppler echocardiography confirmed mild pericardial effusion with moderate mitral and mild aortic insufficiency. Cardiac assessment and echocardiographic follow-up are recommended in all patients with JRA.
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PMID:Mitral and aortic insufficiency in polyarticular juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. 804 99

This study aimed at elucidating the role of anticoagulation in the genesis of late pericardial effusion and tamponade after cardiac surgery. Using serial 2-D echocardiography, 141 patients undergoing surgery for coronary artery bypass (56), valvular (69) or congenital (16) [corrected] heart disease were studied postoperatively. Group 1 (74 patients) received full anticoagulation (warfarin 73; heparin 1) and group 2 (67 patients) received either antithrombotic agents (aspirin plus dipyridamole), or no treatment. Fifty percent (70/141) of patients developed effusion. There was no significant difference between the two groups in the incidence of either effusion in general (43/74; 58% vs 27/67; 40%, respectively) or small or medium sized effusion. However, a large effusion was significantly more common in group 1 than in group 2 (32% vs 4%, P < 0.005). Twelve patients (12/141; 8.5%) developed late tamponade, 7 to 33 (15 +/- 7.3 mean +/- SD) days after surgery. All had a large effusion demonstrated by echo, drained by pericardiocentesis, and none died. All 12 patients with tamponade belonged to group 1 (P < 0.001). Excess anticoagulation was detected at least once in 41 of the 74 group 1 patients (55%). When compared to properly anticoagulated patients, excessively anticoagulated patients had a similar overall incidence of effusion and a similar incidence of small or moderate effusion, but a higher incidence of large effusion (18% vs 44%, [corrected] P < 0.05) and tamponade (3% vs 27%, P < 0.025). We conclude that, unlike small or medium-sized effusions, large pericardial effusions and tamponade are more likely to occur among anticoagulated patients, especially if they are excessively anticoagulated.
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PMID:The role of anticoagulation in the development of pericardial effusion and late tamponade after cardiac surgery. 829 24

Approximately 14 million persons worldwide are estimated to be infected with HIV-1. As more effective therapies have produced longer survival times for HIV-infected patients, new complications of late-stage HIV infection including HIV-related heart disease have emerged. The most common and life-threatening cardiovascular complication of HIV infection is the development of primary heart muscle disease associated with severe global left ventricular dysfunction (also termed cardiomyopathy). Other less common forms of symptomatic heart disease in HIV-1-infected patients are pericardial effusion with cardiac tamponade, high-grade arrhythmia with sudden cardiac death, and systemic embolization caused by nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis or infective carditis. The demographic and clinical characteristics of HIV-infected patients who develop cardiomyopathy as well as potential enhancing risk factors are as yet poorly characterized. This review briefly describes the various presentations and potential causes of symptomatic HIV-related heart disease and discusses the challenge facing clinicians who evaluate HIV-infected patients presenting with serious cardiac manifestations of their disease.
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PMID:Cardiomyopathy and other symptomatic heart diseases associated with HIV infection. 883 75

Bidirectional cavopulmonary shunt is an alternative palliative procedure for patients with congenital cyanotic heart disease, specially those patients less than "ideal" candidates for a Fontan's procedure. We present our results with this shunt in patients with tricuspid atresia. Twenty patients with tricuspid atresia were operated on with this shunt, with these associated defects: 20 atrial septal defect, 17 ventricular septal defect, 10 pulmonary stenosis, 1 pulmonary atresia and 1 transposition of the great arteries. Sex: 10 males and 10 females; the age was 27 days to 6 years (mean 1.8 years), the weight was 3.2 kg to 24 kg (mean 10.7 kg), the mean pulmonary artery pressure was 11 to 24 mmHg (mean 17 mmHg), pulmonary vascular resistance was 1.5 to 5 UW (mean 3.1 UW). Postoperative oxygen saturation improved 15 to 120%. All patients survived the surgical procedure. Three patients died in the immediate postoperative period, 2 due to a complications in the postoperative period and 1 due to sepsis. There were two late deaths, 1 sudden death after 6 months of the shunt, and 1 due to sepsis after a Fontan's procedure. Four patients presented pleural effusion and 2 pericardial effusion, they resolved well. We have 15 patients alive and well, in functional class I, and minimal cyanosis. We can conclude that this surgical procedure is useful in the management of patients with tricuspid atresia.
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PMID:[Bidirectional cavopulmonary diversion for tricuspid atresia. Experience in the National Institute of Cardiology]. 896 17

A newborn baby with complex congenital heart disease had severe persistent pericardial effusion after a systemic-pulmonary shunt. Pericardiocentesis and pericardiotomy could not stop pericardial leakage. At reoperation, topical application of a fibrin glue resulted in resolution of the leak and avoided replacement of the graft.
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PMID:Cardiac tamponade after a systemic-pulmonary shunt complicated by serous leakage. 899 84


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