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Query: UMLS:C0018799 (heart disease)
 34,133 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

With the advent of cardiac catheterization, cardioangiography, and selective coronary arteriography, specific types of cardiac disease can be recognized and clearly defined. This is appropriate because myocardial biopsy alone rarely plays a major role in cardiac diagnosis. Excluding Aschoff's nodules in patients with rheumatic valve disease, the light microscopic findings in patients with rheumatic heart disease, congenital heart disease, pericardial disease, hypertensive and arteriosclerotic heart disease are similar and nonspecific. In these, interstitial fibrosis and/or myocardial hypertrophy is the dominant tissue diagnosis. Occasionally a pericardial and myocardial specimen is helpful to distinguish constrictive pericarditis and restrictive cardiomyopathy. Myocardial biopsy has provided the only method for diagnosis in a small number of patients with normal hemodynamics, normal coronary arteriograms and normal ventriculograms. The patients were studied because of chest pain and/or cardiac arrhythmias. Supraventricular and/or ventricular arrhythmias were encountered. In these patients the tissue diagnosis was interstital fibrosis and/or myocardial hypertrophy. These findings are consistent with primary myocardial disease which was not recognized clinically or by angiographic studies. The procedure seems to play a major role in the diagnosis of specific types of primary myocardial disease. It is valuable in the recognition of glycogen storage disease, amyloidosis, hemochromatosis, and myocarditis. On the basis of current experience, the indications for myocardial biopsies depend on the need for a tissue diagnosis in determining the management of the patient and the availability of adequately trained personnel to perform the procedure and manage the complications.
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PMID:The role of myocardial biopsy in cardiac diagnosis. 12 52

Cardiology was diagnosed by means of clinical, radiographic, electrocardiographic phonocardiographic, angiocardiographic, and pathological findings in 271 or 3,745 cats necropsied from January 1962 to April 1974. The affected cats can be divided into three groups on the basis of the gross and microscopic pathological lesions: 1)endocarditis and myocarditis in 20 young cats; 2)endomyocardial fibrosis and left ventricular hypertrophy in 182 cats; and 3)myocardial degeneration and biventricular dilatation in 69 cats. Of 271 affected cats, thromboembolus was observed in the aorta, and in the carotid, femoral, iliac, renal, pulmonary, and hepatic arteries in 104 instances. The important aspects of cardiomyopathy in cats appears to be the reduced diastolic compliance of the thick left ventricle, resulting in poor fillin. Resistance to ventricular inflow raises the diastolic pressure and causes compensatory left atrial enlargement. A pathogenesis for the onset of clinical signs at any stages as the cause of the heart disease is postulated on the basis of stress causing tachycardia and poor left ventricular filling. Acute left-sided failure with pulmonary edema may be precipitated. Approximately one-fourth of the cats have enlargement of all cardiac chambers, typical of congestive cardiomyopathy. On the basis of the close similarily to cardiomyopathy in man, the cat could serve as a suitable animal model for a conservation of time and effort in the attack against this disorder. There is a need for coordinated research programs for utilizing the multiple avenues of approach such as: epidemiological, clinical, biochemical, pathological, ultrastructural, virological, and immunological.
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PMID:Feline cardiomyopathy. 12 93

Two patients had cardiac disease and serological evidence for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection. The first patient had myocarditis and complete atrioventricular heart block with repeated syncopal episodes two weeks following infection. The second patient had alcoholic cardiomyopathy and worsening congestive heart failure associated with RSV infection. The significance of RSV infection in these two patients may bear a significant relationship to sudden infant death syndrome, chronic cardiomyopathy, and alcohol-related heart disease. Cardiac disease secondary to RSV infection may be more prevalent than is presently recognized.
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PMID:Respiratory syncytial virus and heart disease. A report of two cases. 18 2

In 18 patients who presented in less than 2 years with heart disease characterized by arrhythmias (including atrial fibrillation, ventricular arrhythmias and heart block), atypical chest pain, pericarditis and cardiac failure, extensive investigation revealed no cause for the disease except for evidence of toxoplasmic infection. One patient had acute toxoplasmosis; the other 17 patients had chronically increased titers, higher than the expected level in the community and also higher than in a control series of patients with well defined heart disease. Toxoplasmosis is probably a fairly common cause of heart disease in this community. The source of infection appeared to be cats, uncooked meat and congenital infection. Patients received chemotherapy with either pyrimethamine and sulfadiazine or tetracycline. Serious relapse occurrred in three patients and embolic complications in two. Experimental myocarditis occurs when toxoplasmic cysts rupture within the heart; therefore clinical symptoms may occur sporadically during a chronic infection.
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PMID:Toxoplasmic infection in cardiac disease. 42 23

Cardiac involvement in polymyositis was investigated in 20 autopsied cases. Clinically, 13 of 18 patients had abnormal electrocardiograms, and 9 of the 20 patients had previous evidence of congestive heart failure. Histologically documented myocarditis was detected in 6 patients (4 with congestive heart failure and 2 without), 4 of whom also had small vessel disease of the myocardium. Patients with polymyositis may have a cardiopathy in the absence of overt myocardial inflammatory disease.
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PMID:Cardiac involvement in polymyositis: a clinicopathologic study of 20 autopsied patients. 48 20

In this study, we describe the findings in 18 young patients (age range 4 days to 24 years, mean 16.6 years) who had ventricular tachycardia and/or ventricular fibrillation and were followed for 4--70 months (mean 22.4 months). Patients had a variety of problems associated with their arrhythmia, including mitral valve prolapse, cardiomyopathy, myocarditis, prolonged QT syndrome and hypokalemia. Six patients had no clinically recognizable cardiac abnormality. The ventricular tachycardia showed a left bundle branch block contour in 10 of 17 patients, right bundle branch block in four, was multiform in two and had an indeterminate contour in one. Sustained ventricular tachycardia was initiated and terminated reproducibly by atrial and ventricular stimulation in three of seven patients who did not have spontaneous episodes of ventricular tachycardia during the electrophysiologic study. In one other patient, short bursts of ventricular tachycardia were induced. Patients who had ventricular fibrillation, those who died, and those who are still symptomatic with poorly controlled ventricular arrhythmias had significant heart disease. In one patient, a ventricular tachyarrhythmia that had required more than 100 electrical cardioversions spontaneously disappeared after requiring 1 year of antiarrhythmic therapy.
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PMID:Ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation in a young population. 48 57

23 cases of paroxysmal tachycardia in infancy and childhood (22 cases of supraventricular and 1 case of ventricular paroxysmal tachycardia) are reported. Clinical problems of 13 infants aged 1 day to 6 months are compared with those of 10 children and discussed. A primary disease e.g. congenital heart disease, myocarditis was observed in 8 cases and WPW-syndrome in 4 cases. Owing to the threatening cardiac failure especially in infancy a special attention should be taken to the immediately diagnosis. Treatment and prevention are discussed.
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PMID:[Paroxysmal tachycardia in infancy and childhood (author's transl)]. 62 84

A case of paroxysmal ventricular tachycardia of torsade de pointes variety occurring in a newborn infant is described. A rare problem in the newborn, ventricular tachycardia has been associated with congenital heart disease, electrolyte abnormality, and cardiac tumour. In this case, the association was with myocarditis. The arrhythmia was refractory to treatment, and the infant died.
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PMID:Torsade de pointes ventricular tachycardia in a newborn infant. 64 10

Fifty patients with the following suspected diseases were examined: examined: congenital heart disease (25), rheumatic heart disease (7), infectious-allergic myocarditis (12), fibroelastosis of the endocardium (3), alcoholic cardiomyopathy (2), drug cardiomyopathy (1). Catheterization biopsy of the endo- and myocardium was accomplished with a special bioptome after catheterization of the heart. No complications occurred during or after biopsy. The results of histologic and histochemical examination of the bioptates of the cardiac muscle are discussed. On the basis of the data in the literature and personal experience, it is concluded that biopsy of the endo- and myocardium may be undertaken to specify the etiology and pathogenesis of cardiomyopathy. The method is comparatively safe.
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PMID:[Endomyocardial biopsy in the diagnosis of myocarditis and cardiomyopathies]. 67 90

Immunological studies have shown new diagnostically important changes in alcoholic and viral myocarditis, as well as in congestive cardiomyopathy. Increased heart size correlated with the degree of congestive heart failure, as well as with negative immunofluorescence and an increased IgA concentration in the serum. These findings may serve as a diagnostic aid in patients with myocardial disease due to alcohol abuse. Viral heart disease is characterized by a variety of symptoms and nuclear antibodies (IgM) can be of help in the differential diagnosis. Heart muscle tissue of patients with congestive cardiomyopathy preferentially binds IgG and IgA. In addition to the other changes these findings are of diagnostic importance. It seems likely that results similar to those obtained for humoral antibodies in congestive cardiomyopathy will apply in the correlation of the haemodynamic status of the patients. The pathophysiological implication of these findings is not clear at present, but the evolution of congestive cardiomyopathy appears to be associated with binding of immunoglobulin to the myocardium, as well as with humoral antiheart antibodies.
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PMID:Immunological results in myocardial diseases. 70 17


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