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Query: UMLS:C0018799 (heart disease)
 34,133 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Deaths from ischemic heart disease(IHD) occurring during a period of one year in Helsinki in persons aged 65 years or younger have been investigated by the Ischaemic Heart Disease Register. Altogether 526 fatalities were registered. Autopsy data were collected in 432 cases, the autopsy rate being 82 percent. The results are presented separately for persons autopsied in the pathologic departments, representing mostly delayed deaths in hospitals, and for medico-legally autopsied persons representing sudden deaths outside hospitals. The diagnosis of IHD death was either based on the positive patho-anatomic or clinical evidence of an acute heart attack or supported by a history of clinical IHD in 92 percent of all registered fatal cases. In the remaining fatalities the possibility of other causes of death had been more or less definitely excluced. All persons with an acute attack of IHD and all autopsied cases showed a division into four socio-economic groups very similar to that of the population of Helsinki. Men belonging to the lowest social group were over-represented among medico-legally autopsied cases. A history of a previous heart disease, visits to a doctor and the use of digitalis were less common in persons autopsied medico-legally than in those autopsied in the pathologic departments. In the former an acute infarction was most often located in the posterior wall and in the latter in the anterior wall of the left ventricle. The prevalence of an occlusion was highest in the right coronary artery in the former and in the left anterior descending coronary artery in the latter; In medico-legally autopsied cases in which a recent myocardial infarction was observed the interventricular septum was involved in 81 percent, but in cases with an old infarction the septum was involved in only 52 percent. No difference in the size of the hearts, the frequency of an old infarction or the prevalence of coronary occlusions was found between persons autopsied in the pathologic and forensic departments. Although a previous angina was about equally common in both sexes, old infarctions were more common in men. The increase in heart weight had occurred proportionally to the same extent in both sexes.
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PMID:Deaths from ischemic heart disease in persons aged 65 or younger in Helsinki in 1970 with special reference to patho-anatomic findings in hearts.?211. 112 61

The series reported includes 85 patients who underwent arterial embolectomy for 101 embolic events. The over-all hospital mortality rate following embolectomy was 41 percent. The etiological factors for this high mortality rate are analyzed. The group includes 58 patients who had arteriosclerotic heart disease and 27 patients with rheumatic valvular disease. The mortality rate encountered in the arteriosclerotic group of patients was 52.9 percent, whereas that in the rheumatic group of patients was 18 percent. The major cause of death was cardiorespiratory failure (51 percent). Factors which weighed heavily on the final outcome were previous myocardial infarction, hypertension, diabetes, cardiac decompensation, and rhythm disturbances. Limb salvage was accomplished in 51 patients (60 percent). Amputation was performed in 17 patients (20 percent).
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PMID:Mortality rate following lower limb arterial embolectomy: causative factors. 112 92

The known risk factors for atherosclerosis do not possess the same significance in young people as in the elderly. Hypercholesterolemia, diabetes and cigarette smoking appear to have a greater bearing below the age of 50 than later, particularly in myocardial infarction but also in apoplexy. On the other hand, hypertension is an important factor in the young and, especially in the case of apoplexy, even more so in advanced age. There is marked difference with regard to preexisting heart disease, which scarcely plays a role in myocardial infarction of the younger patient but is a factor in some 50% of hemiplegia cases. Only one fifth of elderly patients with this disease have no preexisting carcdiopathy. The similarity of the risk factors in elderly patients either with or without apoplexy is due to the fact that arteriosclerosis is already established in both groups and the risk factors which give rise to ischemia, thrombosis or embolism assume prominence. The therapeutic implications are briefly discussed.
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PMID:[Risk factors and age]. 113 58

Left ventricular volumes and contractile patterns were evaluated during the first sinus beat after a compensatory pause resulting from ventricular arrhythmia and were compared to the second sinus beat (control beat) in order to evaluate the effect of postextrasystolic potentiation. Twelve patients had no evidence of heart disease (group I). Fifty patients had coronary artery disease and included 14 patients (group IIa) with no prior myocardial infarction and a normal left ventricular contractile pattern and 19 pateints (group IIb) with an abnormal contractile pattern. Seventeen pateints (group IIc) had a documented transmural myocardial infarction as well as an abnormal left ventricular contractile pattern. In all patients the first postextrasystolic sinus beat, when compared to the second sinus beat, demonstrated increases in stroke volume and ejection fraction and decrease in end-systolic volume. There were no qualitative changes in the contractile pattern in the immediate postextrasystolic beat in the patients with normal left ventricular function. In both group IIb and group IIc the changes in end-systolic volume, stroke volume and ejection fraction were significantly greater than observed in groups I and IIa. Abnormal wall segments present in the control beat in groups IIb and IIc demonstrated after postextrasystolic potentiation a normal contractile pattern, improved pattern or no change when compared to the control beat. Abnormal wall segments were more likely to revert to normal as a result of postextrasystolic potentiation in group IIb than group IIc. Akinesia was less likely to revert completely to normal than hyposinesia. In 20 of 24 patients the changes in contractile pattern after aortocoronary bypass surgery corresponded to those observed as a result of postextrasystolic potentiation.
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PMID:Response of the left ventricle in coronary artery disease to postextrasystolic potentiation. 113 55

An unusual case of patient ductus arteriosus (PDA) in a 78-year-old man is presented. The patient was known to have PDA since the age of 30, but it had remained well compensated until shortly before death. He had undergone some difficult operations successfully, and had no specific pulmonary complaints. Death at age 78 was caused by arteriosclerotic heart disease following myocardial infarction. Autopsy revealed a smooth patent ductus arteriosus with no perforation. The survival of a PDA patient to such advanced age is a comparatively rare occurrence.
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PMID:Patent ductus arteriosus in old age. 114 33

The Baltimore Study of Sudden Death and Myocardial Infarction was a two-year project to investigate the epidemiological, clinical and pathological characteristics of sudden death and myocardial infarction in a defined population. The incidence of sudden death was much higher in men than women for both blacks and whites. Blacks and white women had a similar incidence of transmural myocardial infarction, but white men had a much higher incidence of transmural myocardial infarction than black men. White men who died suddenly had twice as many coronary thrombi at postmortem examination than black men and a greater extent of coronary artery stenosis than the other three race-sex groups. Black men had a higher prevalence of heart weights greater than 500 grams. Women who died suddenly were more often not married and smoked more cigarettes than neighborhood controls. Nine of 39 white women who died suddenly due to ASHD had a definite prior psychiatric history. The ASHD death rates have been declining in the 45 to 64 age groups, especially for white men. However, a comparison of the 1964 and 1970-72 sudden death studies in Baltimore reveals that the same percentage of ASHD deaths were sudden unwitnessed, occurred in a hospital or had a prior history of heart disease in both time periods.
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PMID:Demographic characteristics and trends in arteriosclerotic heart disease mortality: Sudden death and myocardial infarction. 118 64

The authors graphically studied the topographic pattern and severity of coronary arteriosclerosis in arteriosclerotic heart disease (ASHD) sudden deaths using an improved technique involving in toto removal and decalcification of the main coronary tree. The study involved 171 cases of ASHD sudden death and 154 deaths from other causes. White males were the most severely affected group. The majority of the ASHD deaths had three or four major coronary vessels showing greater than 75% luminal stenosis; single-artery disease was a rare occurence. The intra- and interarterial pattern of coronary stenosis was equally severe and diffuse, with the exception of the arteries to SA and AV nodes. No small intramyocardial blood vessel disease was evident. Severe chronic coronary stenosis was associated with a high incidence of old myocardial infarction. The anatomical and pathological pattern of coronary stenosis in ASHD deaths appears to have ominous therapeutic implications.
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PMID:Arteriosclerosis of coronary arteries in sudden, unexpected deaths. 118 79

Out of a pacemaker population of 392 patients, 90 (23%) have been found to have sinoatrial syndrome. Their ages ranged from 22 to 86 years, and averaged 66 for men and 70 for women. The male-to-female ratio was 1:1.6. Before pacemaker implantation, syncopal attacks had occurred in 54%, dizziness without syncope in 31% and tachyarrhythmias in 57%. Atrial or paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia had been recorded in 33%, atrial fibrillation or flutter in 28%, and ventricular tachycardia in 11%. First and/or second degree AV block was found in 36%. Coronary heart disease was present in 61% and 20% had had myocardial infarction. Cardiomyopathy and previous carditis were other associated heart diseases. Sinoatrial syndrome was the only manifestation of heart disease in 20%. Follow-up time after pacemaker implantation ranged from 3 months to 7 years, mean 23 months. Syncopal attacks were stopped in 48 of 49 patients, dizziness was relieved in all 28 patients and tachyarrhythmias were controlled by combined drug treatment in 43 of 51 patients. Nineteen patients died during the follow-up, most of them of cerebrovascular events or myocardial infarction. Associated coronary heart disease was especially frequent in this group. The death of one patient was caused by a run-away pacemaker. Other pacing failures were due to electrode movement or premature battery exhaustion. There was no mortality associated with pacemaker implantations or replacements. These results strongly support the view that pacemaker treatment most effectively controls symptoms of sinoatrial syndrome when drug treatment fails.
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PMID:Treatment of sinoatrial syndrome with permanent cardiac pacing in 90 patients. 119 8

Many cases of cardiovascular diseases have been examined in reference to the distribution of ABO blood-groups, in order to calculate the relative risk of disease and the hemogroupal distributive significance in our samples as related to those of other authors, using combined calculation. The analysis concerned the following cases: 746 with arterial hypertension, 3258 with congenital heart disease, 4503 with articular rheumatism, 1047 with acquired valvulopathia, and respective controls. It was found that blood-group phenotypes represent an important biophysiopathological action in regard to articular rheumatism and its cardiac consequences, in myocardial infarction and in hypertension, males only. On the contrary, no action in regard to congenital heart disease was found, with the exception of some single anomalies which have yet to be confirmed. This hemogroupal action greatly exceeds the one limited to the immunitary analogy and is a noticeable part of family heredity. It shows itself in: -- a significant negative association with group O and positive association with group A in the myocardial infarction; -- a significant negative association with group O and positive for the others in the valvulopathic (rheumatic) diseases; -- a positive association with A phenotype and negative with B in arterial hypertension, males only; -- no association with ABO blood-groups and congenital heart disease.
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PMID:[ABO blood-group phenotypes and pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. Congenital, rheumatic and coronaric heart disease and arterial hypertension (author's transl)]. 120 47

Four hundred and sixteen patients with documented arteriosclerotic heart disease (ASHD) underwent 424 diagnostic and therapeutic surgical procedures during the year 1970 at the Henry Ford Hospital. They were classified according to the specific clinical manifestation of their cardiac abnormality. Patients with a history of old, well-compensated myocardial infarction, and those with cardiac arrhythmia, bundle-branch block, congestive heart failure and A-V block (pacemaker-protected) but no evidence of previous myocardial infarction fared almost as well as subjects of the same age without cardiac disease, and were considered to run the lowest operative risk. Patients with angina, especially if there was a history of infarction, were an intermediate risk in terms of complications and mortality. Patients with a history of previous infarction complicated at the time of the surgical procedure by arrhythmia, A-V block, bundle-branch block, or congestive heart failure were in the "highest risk" category. A severe A-V block indicated the need for insertion of a "prophylactic" pacemaker before any attempt at a diagnostic or therapeutic procedure. No patient with clinical or electrocardiographic evidence of a recent infarction (less than three months' duration) should undergo any elective surgical procedure under any form of anesthesia unless the surgeon is prepared for a high mortality rate that may approach 90 percent. In contrast, the patient with old, well-compensated myocardial infarction and no evidence of dysrhythmia, block or congestive failure can tolerate even a major surgical operation under any form of anesthesia extremely well.
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PMID:Operative and nonoperative risks in the cardiac patient. 120 86


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