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Query: UMLS:C0018799 (heart disease)
 34,133 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A long-term follow-up report is given on three children with stress-induced bursts of ventricular activity, occasionally proceeding to ventricular fibrillation causing syncope. All patients were treated with a beta-blocking agent as prophylaxis for 12, 10 and 6 years, respectively. Case 1 has no signs of organic heart disease. She has been followed from the age of 8 years and had her last syncope in 1974. She was last seen in Nov. 1976, doing well at the age of 20. Case 2 started having syncopes after an attack of measles at the age of 8 years, at which time she probably acquired some damage to her myocardium. She had persistent bradycardia but no other signs of heart disease. She had an uneventful pregnancy and delivery in 1973 and gave birth to a normal child. She died suddenly in 1974, at the age of 22, four years after her last syncopal attack. Case 3 had cardiomyopathy with increasing heart size and exertional dyspnoea and marked ischaemic ECG changes during exercise. He was followed from the age of 7 years. He died suddenly in 1974 at the age of 16, four years after his last syncope.
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PMID:Paroxysmal ventricular fibrillation in children. Long-term follow-up of three cases treated with beta-blocking agents. 92 Feb 65

A newborn with multiple malformations, recurrent infections and hypocalcemic tetany is presented. The malformations included: Facial asymmetry, micrognathia, epicantus, low set nose, peculiar ears, club-feet and heart disease. The immunologic work-up disclosed a cellular immunodeficiency, but normal humoral immunity, and a diagnosis of "incomplete DiGeorge syndrome" was made. No thymus, nor parathyroid glands were found at autopsy. The disagreement between the analytical data and the pathological findings of "complete DiGeorge syndrome" are discussed. The existence of vestigial ectopic thymus not found in the dissected organs is considered the most likely hypothesis. Finally some considerations are made about a possible role of the rubeola virus on its etiology and the actual therapeutic possibilities.
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PMID:[Incomplete Digeorge syndrome (author's transl)]. 98 6

This article reports survey results to Ghanaian nursing students' perceptions of public health issues. Their views were ascertained through a questionnaire designed to capture ratings of educational curriculum concerns and perceptions of the importance of public health factors. Both frequency data and chi-square analysis were used to assess the ordinal position of health factors and gender differences, respectively. Chi-square analysis was also done to assess differences by age. Differences between men and women respondents existed on six of 15 health factors (p less than .05) including malaria, heart disease, measles, cancer, malnutrition and car accidents, while differences between age groups were found on two of the 15 factors (violence and cancer). Based on the ascertained student perceptions, current efforts in Ghana suggest that preventive health is an emerging concern to public health officials. As such, Ghanaian nursing students hold perceptions not dissimilar to those of U.S. health professions students.
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PMID:Nursing student perceptions of public health issues in Ghana. 155 72

Ethiopia is a country of 45 million people in northeast Africa. With a stagnant, agriculture-based economy and a per capita gross national product of $110 in 1984, it is one of the world's poorest nations. 70% of the children are mildly to severely malnourished, and 25.7% of children born alive die before the age of 5. Life expectancy is 41 years. The population is growing at the rate of 2.9%/year, but only 2% of the people use birth control. After the 1974 revolution, the socialist government nationalized land and created 20,000 peasant associations and kebeles (urban dwellers' associations), which are the units of local government. The government has set ambitious goals for development in all sectors, including health, but famine, near famine, forced resettlement programs, and civil war have prevented any real progress from being made. The government's approach to health care is based on an emphasis on primary health care and expansion of rural health services, but the Ministry of Health is allocated only 3.5% of the national budget. Ethiopia has 3 medical schools -- at Addis Ababa, Gondar, and the Jimma Institute of Health Sciences. Physicians are government employees but also engage in private practice. A major problem is that a large proportion of medical graduates emigrate. Ethiopia has 87 hospitals with 11,296 beds, which comes to 1 bed per 3734 people. There are 1949 health stations and 141 health centers, but many have no physician, and attrition among health workers is high due to lack of ministerial support. Health care is often dispensed legally or illegally by pharmacists. Overall, there is 1 physician for 57,876 people, but in the southwest and west central Ethiopia 1 physician serves between 200,000 and 300,000 people. In rural areas, where 90% of the population lives, 85% live at least 3 days by foot from a rural health unit. Immunization of 1-year olds against tuberculosis, diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus, poliomyelitis, and measles is 11, 6, 6, and 12% respectively. Infectious diseases dominate the medical scene in Ethiopia. In 1984, tuberculosis accounted for 11.2% of hospital admissions and 12.2% of deaths. The leading cause of childhood mortality in 1984 was diarrhea (45%). Malaria, trypanosomiasis, schistosomiasis, leishmaniasis, and meningococcal meningitis are endemic. Intestinal parasitism is rampant, and the nationwide prevalence of leprosy is 3/1000. Venereal diseases were the 9th most common cause of hospital outpatient visits in 1984, but AIDS is rare. The leading noninfectious diseases are rheumatic and syphilitic heart disease, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hepatoma, and elephantiasis. Ethiopia has the highest number of cases of nonfilarial elephantiasis -- an estimated 350,000 cases -- in the world. Aside from a large influx of money, the most necessary changes to improve the health system are lowering the salaries of doctors and nurses, reorienting physician training toward primary health care, increasing the quality of existing health services, more efficient management, and better coordination between the Ministry of Health and the voluntary organizations.
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PMID:Health and medical care in Ethiopia. 271 Jan 85

Some cases of thymus developmental defects (DiGeorge's syndrome) are associated with the development of defects of the heart and great vessels. To see if anomalies of the heart are also associated with anomalies of the thymus, a material of thymus tissue removed during operation for congenital heart disease was compared with thymus tissue from a forensic autopsy material representing the same age group, but without cardiac lesions. Among 27 cases of congenital heart disease, occurrence in the thymus of solid epithelial cords were seen in 6 and cyst- or duct-like structures were found in 7. Among 47 forensic cases, 1 showed cords and another showed duct-like structures. Of these, one had congenital anomalies in the form of hepatic hamartomas and nesidioblastosis, whereas the other had died from morbilli, raising the possibility of congenital immune deficiency. Anyhow, a striking occurrence of minor morphological deviations in the structure of the thymus was found in children with congenital heart disease. Such material therefore may be less suitable for studying the morphology and biology of the normal thymus gland.
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PMID:The thymus in congenital heart disease. 398 39

The mortality rates (MRs) of children under 5 years of age in the various population groups of the RSA were calculated as deaths/10(5) for various causes of death and groupings of causes of death as classified by the International Classification of Diseases. In 1970 the ten leading causes of death among Coloured and Black children under 5 years of age in the RSA were similar to those among children in developing countries. The rank order of causes of death (in MRs/10(5] among Coloured children was as follows: gastro-enteritis (1 733), pneumonia (725), immaturity (405), ill-defined causes of death (168), nutritional deficiencies (167), measles (126), anoxia (97), 'other bacterial diseases' (91), inflammatory diseases of the nervous system (55) and tuberculosis (48). The ten leading causes of death among White children in the RSA were characteristic of children in Western developed countries. The rank order (in MRs/10(5] was as follows: immaturity (144), anoxia (94), pneumonia (46), gastro-enteritis (41), congenital heart disease (32), other accidents (19), birth injury (19), ill-defined causes of death (12) and inflammatory diseases of the nervous system (11).
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PMID:Leading causes of death among children under 5 years of age in the various population groups of the RSA in 1970. 649 19

The inner city population of the Los Angeles county has rapidly become largely Latino. The 3.3 million Latinos living in the county in 1990 had much higher poverty rates and lower educational attainment rates than Anglo (non-Hispanic white) or blacks. The health indicators of the three groups are compared for 1990. In birth outcome, although Latinos were the least likely to receive care in the first trimester, Latinos and Anglos had identical rates of low birth weight babies, and lower rates than blacks. Latino infant mortality was the lowest of the three. The age-adjusted death rates showed that Latinos have a lower overall death rate than Anglos or blacks, and lower specific rates for heart disease, cancer, AIDS and stroke. Latinos did have higher death rates than Anglos for accidents, homicides, cirrhosis and diabetes. Latinos had incidence rates of gonorrhoea and syphilis similar to Anglos and lower than blacks. The communicable disease rates for Latinos was many times higher than Anglos or blacks, including those for measles, shigellosis, giardiasis and hepatitis A. Implications for family medicine are discussed.
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PMID:Latino health in Los Angeles: family medicine in a changing minority context. 784 24

The "Health Transition" describes the medical consequences which accompany the demographic transition and development. In many Asian countries, as the infectious diseases of infancy decline, such as diarrhea, acute respiratory disease, measles and malaria, so too, do infant mortality rates. As a consequence of falling infant mortality rates and declines in fertility, the age pyramid has become more rectangular. No longer is nearly half of the population under the age of 15 years. Diseases of adults are beginning to become predominant: trauma, heart disease, cancer, stroke and diabetes. Life expectancy has increased along with costs of the health care system. As a fraction of per capita gross domestic product, health care is beginning to become a major national expense. It is ironic that the one vector-borne infectious disease likely to bridge the health transition in tropical countries is dengue. As evidenced by the experience of Singapore and Taiwan, modern housing and commercial development provide more, rather than fewer breeding places for Aedes aegypti. Greater affluence often means less compliance with mosquito control programs. Meanwhile, the dengue viruses, heeding some unknown genetic imperative, cause ever more severe disease. Modern Asian societies must count dengue as a real and enduring threat. To prevent costly hospitalizations and a sense of social disorder, effective measures must be adopted to achieve a significant reduction of Aedes aegypti populations. Sustained dengue control requires source reduction which, in turn depends upon imaginative leadership, skilled man power, legislative authority, an authentic national research program and intersectoral cooperation. A leadership role beckons for new actors in the control of Aedes aegypti: large municipalities, environmental agencies and the private sector.
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PMID:Dengue in the health transition. 784 46

UNICEF decided to achieve the 1977 World Health Organization objective Health For All By The Year 2000 through primary health care, utilizing growth monitoring, oral rehydration therapy, breast-feeding, immunization, family planning, and education of women. Since the 1960s BCG (bacillus Calmette-Guerin) vaccination, DPT (diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus) and OPV (oral polio vaccine) have been available in Sri Lanka. The expanded program of immunization has almost eliminated diphtheria, pertussis, neonatal tetanus, and poliomyelitis. Tuberculous meningitis, bone and joint tuberculosis, measles, and miliary tuberculosis have become very rare. Among other vaccine-preventable diseases, mumps is the commonest cause of aseptic meningitis and viral encephalitis in children. Maternal rubella in the first trimester causes abortion or gross teratogenic effects including congenital heart disease. Safe vaccines may be used to prevent mumps and rubella. In recent years there has been a resurgence of measles in North America among school children, and presently a 2nd dose of vaccine is recommended for children. Japanese B encephalitis has a mortality rate of over 30% and half the survivors have residual brain damage. The Ministry of Health has immunized susceptible children in some of the prevalent areas. This vaccine also gives partial protection against dengue hemorrhagic fever. In Hong Kong, Singapore, and Taiwan hepatitis B vaccine is part of the national immunization schedule because of the common occurrence of primary hepatoma of the liver. At present this vaccine is recommended for health workers in Sri Lanka. Meningococcal meningitis occurs in some Middle East countries such as Saudi Arabia, thus Haj pilgrims are advised to be vaccinated against it before the pilgrimage. In Sri Lanka beta-thalassemia major is prevalent, and as most of these patients are subjected to splenectomy, pneumococcal vaccine should be given to them. Currently research work is being carried out for development of vaccines against rotavirus, streptococcal, and hepatitis A infection.
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PMID:Improving child survival through immunisation. 814 30

Respiratory syncytial virus immune globulin intravenous (RSV-IGIV) has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration for use in the prevention of severe RSV infections in infants and children younger than 24 months with bronchopulmonary dysplasia or a history of premature birth (< or = 35 weeks of gestation). RSV-IGIV administered monthly during the RSV season resulted in a 41% to 65% reduction in hospitalization rates in two clinical trials; however, RSV-IGIV is costly, and intravenous administration can be logistically demanding. RSV-IGIV should be considered for infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia who are receiving or have received oxygen therapy in the past 6 months. Infants with gestational ages of 32 weeks or less may also benefit clinically from RSV-IGIV prophylaxis. Immunization with measles-containing vaccines should be delayed for 9 months after the last dose of RSV-IGIV, but no changes need to be made for all other routinely administered vaccines. RSV-IGIV has not been approved for use in children with congenital heart disease, and available data indicate that RSV-IGIV should not be administered to children with cyanotic congenital heart disease because of safety concerns.
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PMID:Respiratory syncytial virus immune globulin intravenous: indications for use. American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Infectious Diseases, Committee on Fetus and Newborn. 909 23


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