Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0018799 (heart disease)
 34,133 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Xylazine (0.05 mg/kg of body weight diluted to a 5-ml volume, using 0.9% NaCl) or 5 ml of 0.9% NaCl was administered epidurally into the first caudal intervertebral space (Co1-Co2) in 8 cows (mean +/- SD body weight, 583 +/- 150 kg). Cows were observed for responses to deep needle pricking of the caudal dermatomes (S3 to Co), sedation, and ataxia. Heart rate, respiratory rate, body temperature, rate of ruminal contractions, coccygeal arterial blood pressure, pHa, blood gas tension (PaO2, PaCO2), base excess, total solids concentration, and PCV were determined before and after xylazine administration. Epidurally administered xylazine induced sedation and selective (S3 to Co) analgesia for at least 2 hours. Mild ataxia of hind limbs was observed in 6 cows, but all cows remained standing. Heart rate, respiratory rate, rate of ruminal contractions, arterial blood pressure, PaO2, PCV, and total solids concentration were significantly (P less than 0.05) decreased, and PaCO2, base excess, and bicarbonate concentration were significantly (P less than 0.05) increased after xylazine administration. Epidurally administered 0.9% NaCl did not alter sensory perception to needle pricking and did not affect any of the physiologic variables determined. Although epidural administration of xylazine induced analgesia and sedation in healthy cows, it should be avoided for epidural analgesia in cattle with heart disease, lung disease, and/or gastrointestinal disease because of its potent cardiopulmonary and ruminal depressant effects.
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PMID:Caudal epidural analgesia induced by xylazine administration in cows. 238 20

The relation of ventilatory impairment and chronic mucus hypersecretion to death from all causes and death from obstructive lung disease (chronic bronchitis, emphysema and asthma) was studied in 13,756 men and women randomly selected from the general population of the City of Copenhagen. During the 10 year follow up 2288 subjects died. In 164 subjects obstructive lung disease was considered to be an underlying or a contributory cause of death (obstructive lung disease related death); in 73 subjects it was considered to be the underlying cause of death (obstructive lung disease death). Forced expiratory volume in one second, expressed as a percentage of the predicted value (FEV1% pred), and the presence of chronic phlegm were used to characterise ventilatory function and chronic mucus hypersecretion respectively. For mortality analysis the proportional hazards regression model of Cox was used; it included age, sex, pack years, inhalation habit, body mass index, alcohol consumption, and the presence or absence of asthma, heart disease, and diabetes mellitus as confounding factors. By comparison with subjects with an FEV1 of 80% pred or more, subjects with an FEV1 below 40% pred had increased risk of dying from all causes (relative risk (RR) = 5.0 for women, 2.7 for men), a higher risk of obstructive lung disease related death (RR = 57 for women, 34 for men), and a higher risk of obstructive lung disease death (RR = 101 for women, 77 for men). Chronic mucus hypersecretion was associated with only a slightly higher risk of death from all causes (RR = 1.1 for women, 1.3 for men). The association between chronic mucus hypersecretion and obstructive lung disease death varied with the level of ventilatory function, being weak in subjects with normal ventilatory function (for an FEV1 of 80% pred the RR was 1.2), but more pronounced in subjects with reduced ventilatory function (for an FEV1 of 40% pred the RR was 4.2). A similar though statistically non-significant trend was observed with regard to obstructive lung disease related death. This study shows that impaired lung function is very strongly related to total mortality, obstructive lung disease related mortality, and obstructive lung disease mortality and suggests that chronic mucus hypersecretion, in those with impaired ventilatory function, is also a significant risk factor for death from obstructive lung disease.
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PMID:Relation of ventilatory impairment and of chronic mucus hypersecretion to mortality from obstructive lung disease and from all causes. 240 19

Pulmonary arterial hypertension has many causes, only some of which are well understood. The radiographic findings in pulmonary arterial hypertension are very similar regardless of the cause. Some radiographic features such as cardiac chamber enlargement, occur secondary to elevation of pulmonary pressures. In addition, sequential radiographs may demonstrate dramatic changes as the hypertension develops. This article presents examples of the various forms of pulmonary arterial hypertension, with pathologic correlation. Included are chronic pulmonary thromboembolism, plexogenic pulmonary arteriopathy, pulmonary venooclusive disease and persistent fetal circulation. Examples of lesions causing secondary pulmonary arterial hypertension: parenchymal lung disease, pulmonary venous hypertension, and congenital heart disease, are also illustrated.
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PMID:Pulmonary arterial hypertension: a contemporary review. 267 97

The authors estimated the sex- and age-adjusted prevalence of affective, substance use, and anxiety disorders in persons in a general population sample who identified themselves as having arthritis, diabetes, heart disease, high blood pressure, chronic lung disease, or no chronic medical conditions. Persons who reported ever having arthritis, heart disease, chronic lung disease, or high blood pressure had a significantly increased adjusted prevalence of each of the three groups of lifetime psychiatric disorders, relative to a no-chronic conditions comparison group (each p less than 0.05). Persons who ever had diabetes had an increased adjusted prevalence of lifetime affective and anxiety but not substance use disorder. Persons with current (i.e., active) arthritis, heart disease, or high blood pressure had a significantly increased adjusted prevalence of recent (6-month) anxiety disorder, whereas those with current chronic lung disease had an increased adjusted prevalence of recent affective and substance use but not anxiety disorder.
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PMID:Affective, substance use, and anxiety disorders in persons with arthritis, diabetes, heart disease, high blood pressure, or chronic lung conditions. 279 44

Previously unreported lung disease found at autopsy in 2 young infants with Down's syndrome and congenital heart disease (complete atrioventricular canal malformation with left-to-right shunt) is described. The perinatal and neonatal period was unremarkable, and there was no history of mechanical ventilation or administration of high concentration of oxygen for extended periods. In 1 of the cases respiratory symptoms and hyperinflation with focal cystic changes in the lung fields on chest X-ray were noted at 5-7 months of age. Pathologically there was cystic dilatation of alveoli with focal cuboidal metaplasia of alveolar epithelium and mild to moderate focal alveolar septal fibrosis. Wilson-Mikity syndrome, congenital pulmonary lymphagiectasia, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, and idiopathic interstitial fibrosis of lungs were ruled out on clinical and/or pathologic grounds. Factors such as compression of bronchi by enlarged pulmonary arteries or cardiac chambers, peribronchiolar accumulation of fluid, pulmonary hypoplasia occurring in Down's syndrome, and episodes of pulmonary arterial hypoperfusion associated with severe congenital heart disease may be related to the pathogenesis of the lesion.
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PMID:Cystic lung disease in Down's syndrome: a report of two cases. 294 28

The authors studied data on psychiatric disorders and eight chronic medical conditions in a community sample of 2,554 persons. The sex- and age-adjusted prevalence of any psychiatric disorder in the preceding 6 months was 24.7% and of lifetime psychiatric disorder was 42.2% among persons with one or more medical conditions, compared to 17.5% and 33.0%, respectively, for persons with no medical condition. Persons with chronic medical conditions were more likely to have lifetime substance use disorders and recent affective and anxiety disorders. Arthritis, cancer, lung disease, neurological disorder, heart disease, and physical handicap were strongly associated with psychiatric disorders, but hypertension and diabetes were not.
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PMID:Psychiatric disorder in a sample of the general population with and without chronic medical conditions. 296 99

Cyanosis is frequently encountered in the neonate or infant. Most often it is due to congenital heart disease or primary lung disease. Pulmonary arteriovenous malformation is an unusual cause of cyanosis. Polycythemia and clubbing are associated findings. The treatment is excision or embolization if the disease is not too extensive.
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PMID:Cyanosis due to pulmonary arteriovenous malformation. 305 75

Minute ventilation (VE), tidal volume (VT), carbon dioxide elimination (VCO2), and end-tidal (PETCO2) and arterial CO2 tensions (PaCO2) were measured in 39 anesthetized infants and children with body weights ranging from 3.1 to 31 kg. Eighteen children had normal cardiopulmonary function, seven had acyanotic congenital heart disease, and 11 had cyanotic congenital heart disease. One child had left heart failure and pulmonary congestion, and two had severe parenchymal lung disease. To evaluate differences between pulmonary gas exchange calculated from PaCO2 versus PETCO2, dead space volume (VD) and alveolar ventilation (VA) based on a PaCO2 (VDa, VAa) as well as on PETCO2 (VDET, VAET) were performed, and correlations between PaCO2-PETCO2, VDa/VT-VDET/VT, and VAa-VAET were carried out. It was demonstrated that in normal children, as well as in those with acyanotic congenital heart disease, PETCO2 correlated closely with PaCO2 (r = 0.94, 0.98, respectively). In children with cyanotic congenital heart disease, however, correlation between PETCO2 and PaCO2 was relatively poor (r = 0.61). Mean values for PaCO2 were significantly higher than PETCO2 in the cyanotic children (P less than 0.01), resulting in significant underestimation of physiologic dead space (P less than 0.05) and significant overestimation of alveolar ventilation (P less than 0.01). In three patients with pulmonary disease, large differences between PaCO2 and PETCO2 were comparable with those observed in the children with cyanotic congenital heart disease.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Relationship between invasive and noninvasive measurements of gas exchange in anesthetized infants and children. 310 50

In the NIH Collaborative Perinatal Project, a prospective study of over 53,000 pregnant women and their offspring, 71 single-born children (13.33/10,000) were found to have a non-syndromal neural tube defect (NTD). A family history was present in only one case. The group of individuals with NTD was compared to a group of 400 randomly selected non-malformed control infants. Of over 50 maternal factors studied the following showed significant association with NTD in the offspring: diabetes mellitus; organic heart disease; lung disease; and diuretic, antihistamine, and sulfonamide use. The interval between the termination of the immediately previous pregnancy and the start of the proband pregnancy was significantly shorter in mothers of NTD children than in mothers of control infants. The risk for NTD was also significantly increased if the immediately previous pregnancy was a spontaneous abortion. There was no increased risk for NTDs among sibs of children with major malformations such as tracheo-esophageal "dysraphism," cleft lip/palate, or renal agenesis. NTDs are apparently etiologically heterogeneous.
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PMID:Studies in neural tube defects. I. Epidemiologic and etiologic aspects. 329 53

Surgical risk factors of abdominal aortic disease. Between January 1, 1982 and October 1986, 327 surgical repairs were performed on abdominal aortic obstructive diseases and aneurysms at the St. Luc University Hospital. 150 pre-, per- and postoperative data were collected retrospectively for each patient. Ninety-one per cent of patients were smokers, 57.5 per cent had heart disease, 43 per cent arterial hypertension, 51 per cent peripheral vascular disease and 28 percent had obstructive lung disease. Concerning cardiac morbidity, the post-operative infarction rate was 4.4 per cent in patients who had previously suffered from an infarction, and 1.9 per cent in patients with no previous infarction. Post-operative angina-ischemia rate were respectively 23 and 4.7 per cent. Two hundred and thirty two elective operations resulted in 6 deaths (2.6 per cent) while 95 emergency operations resulted in 34 deaths (35.8 per cent). The causes of the death and the post-operative complications are detailed. The decrease of the morbidity and the mortality rates inherent to this pathology depends on an early diagnosis and surgical treatment by a team, knowledgeable of this pathology, who are able to prevent and correctly treat the complications, especially those affecting the cardiovascular system.
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PMID:[Risk factors in surgery of the abdominal aorta]. 338 30


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