Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0018799 (heart disease)
 34,133 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The life span of individuals with DS has gradually increased since the 1920s. The DS individual now has an average life expectancy of 35 years. Despite advances in the health care of the retarded and improvements in the quality of institutional care, the overall mortality rate remains elevated by five-fold. Specific mortality rates from respiratory diseases (particularly pneumonia), infectious diseases, congenital heart disease, leukaemia and neurological disorders are still substantially increased. Disorders of immunological functioning, particularly T-cell mediated, appear related to this increased vulnerability, although further research is necessary. The periods of highest risk are during infancy, when congenital heart disease, leukaemia and respiratory diseases are most lethal, and late adulthood, when Alzheimer-type dementia and declining immunological function appear to be significant factors.
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PMID:Longevity and mortality in Down's syndrome. 621 45

Four variations and degrees of severity of the Mondini malformation were found in the temporal bones from two neonates, one with congenital heart disease and the other with trisomy D, and from one teenager with leukemia: 1) short cochlea and normal vestibular organs; 2) short cochlea and persistent horizontal canal anlage; 3) markedly shortened cochlea with no modiolus, wide internal auditory meatus, and persistent horizontal canal anlage; 4) same as variation 3, but with persistent anlagen in all semicircular canals. Variations 3 and 4 were from the case of trisomy D, in which the left cochlea had a normal hair cell population but few nerve fibers, and the intraganglionic spiral bundle was displaced from Rosenthal's canal to the osseous spiral lamina. The right ear had no cochlear nerve fibers; the organ of Corti was present, but hair cells were unusually small. In the case of trisomy D, both ears showed subtotal loss of vestibular nerve fibers. Although the rudimentary cristae of the right ear had numerous hair cells, the macular hair cells were fewer and malformed. No hydrops was present.
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PMID:Four variations of the Mondini inner ear malformations as seen in microdissections. 633 86

Infections of the central nervous system in patients at risk are relatively uncommon when compared with pneumonia, bacteremia, and soft tissue infection. However, they carry serious morbidity and are frequently fatal. Each of the diverse conditions that can place a patient at risk for central nervous system infection is associated with a fairly predictable spectrum of etiologic organisms. Various forms of trauma (including blunt and penetrating injuries and neurosurgery, especially when a cerebrospinal fluid shunt is implanted) predispose to infection with common pathogenic bacteria. Defects of cellular immunity including congenital immune deficiencies, immunosuppressive drug therapy, leukemia, lymphoma, and the acquired immune deficiency syndrome are more likely to give rise to infection with a distinctive spectrum of opportunistic viruses, fungi, and protozoa. Other underlying conditions include sinus, ear, and mastoid infections, congenital heart disease, intrathoracic suppuration, endocarditis, and bacteremia, hypogammaglobulinemia, and complement deficiencies. Some preventive measures including vaccines, antibiotics, and surgical procedures are available. However, for many of these central nervous system infections, preventive measures are lacking or less effective than those for infections in other organs. In the future, opportunistic central nervous system infections will increase in frequency as the number of patients at risk continues to grow.
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PMID:Prevention of central nervous system infections in patients at risk. 637 75

On the basis of surname, 6418 Asians were identified out of a total of 109 187 deaths and discharges of Leicestershire residents who had been treated in hospitals in the Trent Regional Health Authority over two years. After linkage to Hospital Activity Analysis computerised records, hospital morbidity in Asians and non-Asians was compared. Asian patients in certain age groups were more likely than non-Asian patients to be diagnosed as having asthma; leukaemia; diabetes mellitus; blood, thyroid, and eye disorders; certain forms of heart disease; and spontaneous and other types of abortion (excluding therapeutic abortion). The well recognised excess of cases of tuberculosis among Asians was also confirmed. Conversely, for some age groups, Asians were less likely than non-Asians to fall into particular diagnostic categories. Exploring such apparent differences can serve as the basis for aetiological inquiry and service planning. The patient's name is now probably the most reliable indicator of Asian ethnic origin in health records.
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PMID:Patterns of Asian and non-Asian morbidity in hospitals. 640 50

As part of a systematic program to evaluate the late effects of antineoplastic therapy in randomized clinical trials, patients enrolled in the low-dose thio-TEPA (TSPA) and 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine (FdUrd) adjuvant colorectal cancer protocols of the Veterans Administration (VA) Surgical Oncology Group between 1958 and 1964 were studied. All patients received surgery with curative intent; 470 also received TSPA, 176 received FdUrd, and 867 received surgery only. The unique VA system permitted complete follow-up through 1977, with 10,902 person-years of observation accrued among 1,613 male patients (mean survival = 6.8 yr). Expected mortality and cancer incidence were computed by applying U.S. Mortality Statistics and Connecticut Tumor Registry age-, race-, sex-, and calendar time-specific rates to the person-years of observation. The mortality experience of the 3 groups was similar. Overall, there was a significant excess in total mortality (observed/expected = 1,359/553) attributable mainly to colorectal cancer (584/14), arteriosclerotic heart disease (258/215.9), pneumonia (41/17), gastric and duodenal ulcers (15/4), and cirrhosis (14/6). No excess mortality from noncolorectal cancers was apparent, nor were there significant differences by treatment: TSPA (22/22), FdUrd (9/12), and surgery only (50/42). Among 1,402 white patients, no significant excess of incident noncolorectal cancers were observed among patients treated with TSPA (30/31, FdUrd (14/15), or surgery only (63/58). Seven incident cases of leukemia developed (4.1 expected) among all patients of various groups: TSPA (3/1.3), FdUrd (1/0.6), and surgery only (3/2.2). No excess of new primary cancers was observed among 211 nonwhite patients. An inverse relationship between the occurrence of second primary cancer and age at diagnosis, irrespective of therapy, was suggested. The results demonstrated the feasibility of this approach for assessment of late complications of anticancer therapy and suggested no measurable carcinogenic effect following very low doses of TSPA and FdUrd in a population of this size.
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PMID:Late effects of low-dose adjuvant chemotherapy in colorectal cancer. 644 45

The health problems of Brazilian adolescents are attributable to economic and cultural underdevelopment, accelerated population growth, and the resultant problems of providing adequate health and social services. In the last decade maternal infant-care improved resulting in lower infant mortality. Increasing urbanization has the effect of the nuclear family replacing the extended family. The majority of Brazilian women either marry or live together in consensual union before the age of 25. School dropouts are numerous with less than half of the population completing high school. Accidents cause most deaths in the 15-24 year old group of men in the United States, Canada, and Venezuela. They are also the leading cause of mortality in Brazil. Suicide is more frequent among male adolescents than among females. Homicide is highest among males in the 20-24 year age group. Pregnancy and abortion complications cause high mortality in Brazilian female adolescents aged 15 to 24. Traditional medical problems continue to cause a high number of adolescent fatalities including infections (pulmonary diseases and tuberculosis), heart disease (sequelae of congenital heart disease and rheumatic fever), and malignant tumors (leukemia and solid tumors). Morbidity resulting from accidents is high among young people: for every fatality of an accident, 10-13 are severely injured and 30-40 mildly injured. Venereal disease, particularly gonorrhea, had increased in the 1970's, and it is increasing among teenagers. In the 15-19 age group there is a similar distribution of sexually transmitted disease among both sexes. Excessive alcohol consumption and smoking habits can also be traced back to adolescence. Health services designed to serve adolescents is a recent development in Brazil. A number of excellent teams are working to improve the health of Brazilian adolescents. These Brazilian programs are at various stages of development. The large number of Brazilian youths at times discourages the implementation of adolescent health care projects, still the work continues aided by the support provided by international agencies.
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PMID:Adolescent health care in Brazil. 646 25

To evaluate the potential carcinogenic effects of formaldehyde, we examined the proportionate mortality experience of embalmers licensed to practice in California. Mortality was significantly elevated for total cancer, arteriosclerotic heart disease, and suicide, whereas significant deficits were noted in mortality from diseases of the respiratory and genitourinary systems. Deaths from cancers of the brain, colon, and prostate and leukemia were significantly higher than expected. No increased mortality was seen for cancers of the respiratory tract, including the nasal passages, where an effect might be expected based on animal studies. A parallel mortality survey of embalmers from New York State showed similar findings, with excesses of brain tumors, leukemia, colon cancer, arteriosclerotic heart disease, and cirrhosis. Further investigation is needed to determine whether any of these outcomes is related to formaldehyde exposure.
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PMID:Cancer and other causes of death among embalmers. 646 19

Of 91 acute leukaemia patients treated with m-Amsa, 19 received intermittent doses, 23 received daily doses and 49 underwent courses with combined m-Amsa and cytosine arabinoside (Ara-C). Intermittent doses had minimal therapeutic activity and toxicity. Among the 23 patients given daily doses, complete remission was observed in 5/12 relapses of ALL and in 2/11 relapses of AML. When Ara-C (200 mg/m2 x 5 days) was administered concomitantly with m-Amsa (200 mg/m2 x 5 days or 120 mg/m2 x 7 days), 17 out of 37 patients with advanced relapses of ALL (13/25 children and 4/12 adults) went into complete remission. While high doses of m-Amsa alone were well tolerated, the combined treatment with high doses of both drugs resulted in severe gastro-intestinal toxicity. Cardiac disorders were observed in patients who had previously received high doses of anthracyclins; there were 5 cases of dysrhythmia and 1 case each of sudden death, ECG alterations and heart failure. In view of its indisputable activity, m-Amsa should be used at an earlier stage in the treatment of acute leukaemias.
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PMID:[Clinical activity of m-Amsa and the combination of m-Amsa with cytosine arabinoside]. 675 89

A retrospective cohort study was conducted on the risk of radiation-induced cancer mortality following cardiac catheterization. The study included 4,891 children with congenital heart disease who were assessed by cardiac catheterization during 1946 to 1968 at The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto. The cohort was matched against the Ontario cancer death file from 1950 to 1975. The average period of follow-up was 13 years and more than 66,000 person-years have been accrued from the cohort. No deaths from breast cancer or thyroid cancer were identified. Five cancer deaths were observed and compared with 4.8 expected deaths based on Ontario cancer death rates. The five cancer deaths resulted from three leukemias, one Wilms' tumor, and one unspecified nervous system tumor. The preliminary findings did not demonstrate a significant leukemia risk arising from diagnostic cardiac catheterizations. Continued follow-up of this cohort is required to evaluate the risk of breast and thyroid cancers which can occur more than 20 years following radiation exposure.
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PMID:Cancer mortality following cardiac catheterization: a preliminary follow-up study on 4,891 irradiated children. 682 26

As a result of the content of benzene in various streams of refinery products, including gasoline, it is not surprising that over the years studies and case reports have linked gasoline exposure to lymphopoietic cancers (LPC), particularly leukemia and multiple myeloma (MM). Of three recently conducted studies of gasoline-exposed workers, one shows strong associations with leukemia and MM, a second suggests some association with leukemia and did not analyze data for MM, and the third study is not possible to evaluate because of a major problem with study design. Other diseases of particular interest in relation to gasoline exposure are kidney cancer, malignant melanoma, and heart disease. One study suggests an association with kidney cancer, but the second study did not. There appears to be no association between employment in refineries or gasoline exposure and heart disease. However, evaluation of risk of kidney cancer and heart disease is somewhat difficult because investigators did not control for cigarette smoking, even though it is related to these diseases. This is of particular concern when studying gasoline-exposed workers, who because of the explosive nature of gasoline probably smoke less than the general population used for comparison of mortality. Some studies of refinery workers and gasoline-exposed workers in particular show an excess risk of death from malignant melanoma. Whether this latter association is the result of benzene/gasoline exposure, sunlight exposure, or a combination of the two cannot be determined with the data currently available.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:State of the science on the carcinogenicity of gasoline with particular reference to cohort mortality study results. 802 Apr 33


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