Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0018799 (heart disease)
 34,133 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Diamine oxidase activity was measured in plasma or urine in 12 normal men, 4 men with chronic liver or heart disease, 13 men with chronic renal failure, and 12 men undergoing maintenance hemodialysis. Also in five studies in 4 patients, plasma diamine oxidase activity and total amine levels were measured at hourly intervals during a hemodialysis treatment. Plasma diamine oxidase activity was normal in patients with liver or heart disease and was at least three times normal in chronically uremic patients and in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis. Plasma diamine oxidase activities before and after a hemodialysis therapy were similar and did not change during dialysis until the 4th hour when they fell transiently; plasma total amine levels, which were elevated initially, tended to rise during the 4th hour of dialysis. Urinary diamine oxidase activity was reduced in the chronically uremic patients as compared to normal subjects. These observations are consistent with three alterations in diamine oxidase in patients with renal failure: activity (a) is increased in plasma of chronically uremic patients and those undergoing maintenance hemodialysis, (b) does not increase normally in response to heparin administration during dialysis therapy, and (c) is reduced in urine of chronically uremic patients.
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PMID:Diamine oxidase activity in plasma and urine in uremia. 10 82

Forty children with chronic renal failure (CRF) on conservative treatment, on hemodialysis, or after renal transplantation and 22 children respresenting a non-uremic control group were subjected to repeated cardiologic examinations by ECG, PCG, chest X-rays and cycle ergometer exercise tests to monitor signs of uremic heart disease and to evaluate physical working capacity (W170). In the CRF group a progressive impairment of W170 was found, starting at an early stage of the disease. Exercise tolerance was inversely related to the degree of CRF. A correlation was also found between W170 and renal anemia. After starting dialysis, W170 failed to increase significantly. Immediately after dialysis an acute drop in W170 occurred. Renal anemia was found to be the main pathogenetic factor of uremic heart disease in children. In some cases hypercirculation following arteriovenous fistulae became equally important as a cause of reduced myocardial performance. Physical rehabilitation, as measured by exercise tolerance tests, was better in transplanted than in dialysed children.
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PMID:Cardiovascular impairment and physical working capacity in children with chronic renal failure. 62 68

The prevalence of coronary heart disease (58%) in 43 patients with analgesic nephropathy with moderate to severe chronic renal failure was significantly higher than in the general population of the same age and sex. Mean serum triglyceride concentration and mean diastolic blood pressure were significantly higher in the group with coronary heart disease (214 mg/dl and 102 mm Hg, respectively) than in the group without it (162 and 94). Serum triglyceride values correlated inversely with GFR, indicating that hypertriglyceridemia was largely due to associated chronic renal failure; a specific effect of analgesic abuse on prevalence of heart disease, noted by others, could not be assessed in the absence of GFR-matched controls. The prevalence of coronary heart disease was significantly higher (81%) in the group with combined hyperlipidemia (hypertriglyceridemia and hypercholesteremia) compared to the groups without it or with normal serum triglyceride concentrations (44 and 41%, respectively). Hypotryptophanemia (a possible cause of hyperlipidemia in the nephrotic syndrome) was present in 77% of patients.
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PMID:Increased prevalence of coronary heart disease in analgesic nephropathy: relation to hypertension, hypertriglyceridemia and combined hyperlipidemia. 126 11

In 300 consecutive adult patients who underwent open-heart surgery in our department, 16 patients (ischemic heart disease in 8 patients, valvular heart disease in 7 and congenital heart disease in 1) were preoperatively complicated with chronic renal failure (CRF); creatinine clearance (Ccr) < 40 ml/min and serum creatinine (Scr) > 1.6 mg/dl. The effects of open-heart surgery on renal function were studied in these CRF patients who were divided into the following 3 groups according to their preoperative Ccr values: Group 1 (6 patients), 30 < Ccr < 40 ml/min; Group 2 (5 patients), 20 < Ccr < 30 ml/min; and Group 3 (5 patients, 4 of whom were on dialysis preoperatively), Ccr < 10 ml/min. In addition, Group C (38 patients, Ccr > 50 ml/min) was set up as normal controls. Instead of hemodialysis, the extracorporeal ultrafiltration method (ECUM) was employed for all patients during the cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). The Ccr in Group 1 showed the lowest value of 24.2 +/- 12.0 ml/min on postoperative day (POD) 0 which then recovered to the preoperative level on POD 1. This quick recovery of the Ccr in Group 1 was similar to that in Group C. In contrast, the Ccr in Group 2 showed the lowest value of 13.0 +/- 6.0 ml/min on POD 1, followed by a delayed recovery that did not reach the preoperative level until POD 5. The Ccr in Group 3 was quite low (< 5 ml/min) throughout the test period.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Effects of open-heart surgery on renal function in patients with chronic renal failure--is hemodialysis during cardiopulmonary bypass really required?]. 143

Initial experience of home enteral nutrition (HEN) was gained from malnourished patients with Crohn's disease. The rationale for HEN was to improve the patients' lifestyle by reducing the need for repeated admissions for nutritional support: this method is extremely useful in correcting nutritional problems. Over the past ten years the use of HEN has expanded to cover other clinical areas including correction of growth retardation secondary to gastrointestinal disease, cystic fibrosis, inborn errors of metabolism, congenital heart disease, and chronic renal failure, in addition to many types of neoplasia and chronic neurological diseases. At the present time, approximately 150 patients receive HEN within the catchment area of the Greater Glasgow Health Board (population 940,000). Despite the increasing availability of HEN many clinicians and dietitians are still reluctant to consider HEN as a 'routine adjunct' to clinical management, claiming that it is too dangerous or complicated. The aims of this article are to explain our method of running a HEN service, offer advice on practical problems and discuss further developments and potential difficulties.
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PMID:Home sweet HEN--a guide to home enteral nutrition. 145 96

Risk factors for heart disease in patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) are the same as in general population; moreover CRF and renal replacement therapies (dialysis, immunosuppressive drugs for kidney transplantation) induce further specific cardiac risks. In practice, the commonest heart diseases associated with CRF are coronary artery diseases, myocardiopathies from various aetiologies, valve diseases and arrhythmias. Uremic pericarditis are quite unusual nowadays. Advances in therapy authorize easier control of congestive heart failure, the major complication of heart disease in CRF patients. Furthermore, it was observed that correction of anemia with erythropoietin therapy or kidney transplantation can ameliorate or reverse partially some cardiac diseases.
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PMID:[The heart in chronic kidney failure patients]. 160 61

Spontaneous gyriform brightness seen on CT scan is an unusual finding unless associated with arteriovenous malformations (AVM). There are sporadic case reports in the literature of its occurrence in association with herpex simplex virus encephalitis (HSVE), purulent meningitis, following chemotherapy for leukaemia, in a child with chronic renal failure, and in a child with folic acid deficiency. We present a series of seven cases exhibiting this phenomenon, none of whom have AVMs, who have been scanned at this hospital in the first 2 1/2 years following the installation of a CT scanner. Four of the cases had congenital heart disease requiring corrective surgery or cardiac catheterisation. The other three had probable meningo-encephalitis. In all cases the gyriform brightness followed an ischaemic insult to the child's brain. We hypothesise that this phenomenon is an ischaemic response in the immature brain and that its occurrence is not so rare as the literature may suggest.
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PMID:Transient gyriform brightness on non-contrast enhanced computed tomography (CT) brain scan of seven infants. 204 56

There have been only a few investigations that have considered renal disease or any disturbance of renal function in the calculation of risk in cardiac surgery. Risks of cardiac surgery have to be considered for renal disease without direct connection to heart disease (e.g., infections of the kidney and of the urinary tract, primary and secondary glomerulonephritis, parenchymal renal disease, and impaired renal function of unknown origin), as well as in renal disease with concomitant influence on heart and kidney (e.g., infective endocarditis, arterial hypertension, systemic disease of heart and kidney such as with diabetes mellitus, disturbance of kidney function or electrolyte balance due to heart failure). In most cases, the problem is solved by therapeutic intervention and postponement of cardiac surgery. A limited or negative operative indication is found with untreatable infection of the kidney or urinary tract, with untreatable nephrotic syndrome, in advanced renal disease with heart transplantation, as well as in case of severe arterial hypertension with possible organ complications, and in advanced diabetes mellitus with ESRD and multiorgan involvement. After cardiac surgery, acute renal failure represents a critically important complication. Primary therapeutic procedures must include prophylaxis of hemodynamic unstable situations, as well as prophylaxis of infectious complications. Cardiac surgery in dialysis patients and post-transplant patients is basically possible and only has a slightly increased risk compared to patients with normal renal function. Seventy-seven dialysis patients were operated (49 aorto-coronary bypass operations, 19 single-valve and multiple-valve replacements, five patients with valve replacement and aorto-coronary bypass, and four other cardiac surgical operations). Only in valve replacement, was mortality significantly higher than in renal healthy persons, the main causes of death being cerebrovascular complications and septicemia.
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PMID:[Extracardiac risk factors in heart surgery--the kidney]. 208 10

A one-year prospective study of the complications of hypertension was carried out in the Medical Wards of the John F. Kennedy Hospital in Monrovia, Liberia. Of all medical admissions 15.6% (105 out of 672) were due to hypertension with its complications. Of the hypertensives, 72.4% (76 of 105) came from the lower socio-economic class. Heart disease with 55.2% (58 of 105) was the commonest complication. Next was stroke with 31.4% (33 of 105). Of the cases of heart disease, only one had suffered a myocardial infarction, the rest had congestive cardiac failure (CCF) without coronary heart disease. Severe hypertensive retinopathy was found in only four patients all of whom had severe uraemia. Hypertensive CCF constituted 41.1% (57 of 139) of all cases of CCF admitted to our hospital. All the complications and deaths were more common in males than in females and they were not uncommon in the young. Chronic renal failure, with 100% mortality, had the worst prognosis. 60.0% of the patients had not previously been diagnosed as hypertensive. There is an urgent need for health education in Liberia to inform the people of the dangers of uncontrolled hypertension and to encourage them to get their blood pressure measured periodically thus improving the early detection and initiation of antihypertensive treatment to prevent the complications of hypertension.
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PMID:Complications of hypertension in adult urban Liberians. 233 99

Serum immunoreactive erythropoietin (siEPO) was determined in cord serum from neonates (n = 97, gestational age 36-43 weeks), in healthy children from birth to adolescence (n = 260) and in children with haematological (n = 30), renal (n = 10) and congenital heart diseases (n = 70). In healthy children siEPO levels decreased after birth (geometric mean cord siEPO 35.6 mU/ml with 95% range of 17-56 mU/ml in eutrophic, nondistressed fetuses) and reached lowest values during the first 2 months (geometric mean siEPO 11.5 mU/ml). Thereafter siEPO levels increased slightly and were constant between 2 months and adolescence. The geometric mean siEPO for healthy children after birth was 18.8 mU/ml with 95% range of 7-47 mU/ml. These estimates were not significantly different from normal adult values. In newborns with fetal distress (n = 15) cord siEPO was significantly elevated (geometric mean 63.0 mU/ml; P less than 0.001). In children with haematological disease, siEPO and Hb concentration were inversely correlated (log siEPO (mU/ml) = 4.1-0.20 x Hb (g/dl); r = -0.62; P less than 0.0005). This relationship was significantly different in children with chronic renal failure (log siEPO (mU/ml) = 0.67 + 0.035 x Hb (g/dl); r = 0.50; P = 0.1). In children with heart disease the geometric mean siEPO was 19.2 mU/ml with 95% range 8-65 mU/ml for cyanotic (SaO2 less than 94%) and 17.7 mU/ml with 95% range of 12-36 mU/ml for acyanotic patients. In this group siEPO values were inversely correlated to the arterial oxygen content (log siEPO (mU/ml) = 1.61-2.04 x oxygen content (l/l); r = -0.28; P less than 0.02).
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PMID:Serum immunoreactive erythropoietin of children in health and disease. 234 40


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