Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0018799 (heart disease)
 34,133 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Thyroid hormones are essential to maintain normal function of many systems including the cardiovascular system. Their excess or deficiency may upset human body homeostasis. Hyperthyroidism leads to cardiovascular system's hyperdynamic status which is characterized by tachycardia, increased difference between systolic and diastolic arterial pressure, significant increase of the stroke volume and improvement of the left ventricular diastolic function. Long-lasting thyrotoxicosis in patient with heart disease may result in atrial fibrillation, deterioration of angina pectoris or congestive heart failure. Hypothyroidism leads to hemodynamic disturbances which are quite different than those observed in hyperthyroidism, but cardiac symptoms are scant in clinical practice. Hypothyroidism's clinical significance is limited to atherosclerosis progression and intensification of ischaemic heart disease symptoms. Both leads to symptomatic cardiovascular system failure or its deterioration. We should emphasize that cardiovascular system dysfunction associated with thyrometabolic disturbances subsides when euthyreosis is restored. It sounds promising that there are reports suggesting a potential advantage of thyroxin treatment in patients with acute or chronic cardiovascular system diseases. These hypotheses result from the observations that heart dysfunction in hypothyroidism is similar to that observed in heart failure.
 ...
PMID:[Thyrometabolic disorders and heart failure]. 1794 Sep 89

Thyroid dysfunction is classified into hyperthyroidism and congenital hypothyroidism (CH). Both hyperthyroidism and CH can cause heart lesions; however, the mechanisms involved remain unclear. The left ventricle was collected from eu-, hyper-, and hypothyroid rat. RNA was extracted and reverse-transcripted to cDNA. Real-time fluorescence quantitation-PCR was used to quantify the differential expression of thyroid hormone receptor (TR) subtype mRNA among eu-, hyper-, and hypothyroid rat myocardium. Here, we show that compared with the normal myocardium, TRalpha1 mRNA expression was upregulated by 51% (P<0.01), TRalpha2 mRNA expression was downregulated by 58% (P<0.01), and TRbeta1 mRNA expression remained unchanged in hyperthyroid rat myocardium (P>0.05). TRalpha1, TRalpha2, and TRbeta1 were expressed in normal and hypothyroid rat myocardium throughout the developmental process. In hypothyroid rats, myocardial TRalpha1 mRNA expression was generally downregulated and the expression peak appeared late. Myocardial TRalpha2 mRNA expression was generally upregulated and the expression peak appeared late. Myocardial TRbeta1 mRNA expression was generally downregulated and changed similarly with the control group. In addition, the hypogenetic myocardium can be seen in the hypothyroid rat by pathology study. Taken together, the abnormal expression of TR subtype mRNA may have a close relationship with the pathogenesis of CH and hyperthyroidism heart disease.
 ...
PMID:Effects of hyper- and hypothyroid on expression of thyroid hormone receptor mRNA in rat myocardium. 1800 Mar 5

We report a 36 year-old pregnant woman who presented with acute pulmonary edema in the absence of preexisting cardiac disease. On admission she was on sinus rhythm and her blood pressure was mildly elevated. No cardiac abnormalities were detected by color Doppler echocardiography and no ischemic changes were seen on the electrocardiogram. Cardiac enzymes were normal. Thyroid function tests were diagnostic for hyperthyroidism. She was treated with propylthiouracil and propranolol and discharged in good conditions seven days after admission. This case emphasizes the need to consider hyperthyroidism as the cause of unexplained pulmonary edema in young patients with no history of heart disease who present with heart failure.
 ...
PMID:[Acute pulmonary edema as a first manifestation of hyperthyroidism in a pregnant woman. Report of one case]. 1962 Nov 90

Atrial flutter (AFL) is a rapid, regular atrial tachyarrhythmia that occurs most commonly in patients with underlying structural heart disease. AFL with 1:1 atrioventricular (AV) conduction is a rare occasion. We describe a 70-year-old male patient with hyperthyroidism in whom AFL was associated with 1:1 AV conduction. This case report emphasizes that AFL with 1:1 AV conduction should be kept in mind as a diagnostic alternative in patients with rapid supraventricular tachycardia and hyperthyroidism.
 ...
PMID:Atrial flutter with 1:1 conduction in a 70-year-old man with hyperthyroidism. 1903 61

Atrial fibrillation in young or middle-aged active patients can often be managed with medication. Evaluation should address associated conditions and predisposing factors such as idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis, Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome, congenital heart disease, hyperthyroidism, excess alcohol or other drug use, and exercise-induced catecholamine release. Diagnostic studies may include an ECG, 24-hour Holter or event monitoring, exercise treadmill testing, stress echocardiography, electrophysiologic studies, and laboratory testing. Electrocardioversion provides rapid, predictable treatment, but ablation therapy is sometimes needed.
 ...
PMID:Managing atrial fibrillation in active patients and athletes. 2008 4

We present a patient without primary heart disease in whom subclinical hyperthyroidism was accompanied by manifestations of dilated cardiomyopathy, as evaluated by echocardiography, coronary angiography, and radionuclide ventriculography. His condition was reversed 6 months after conventional treatment (furosemide, carvedilol, angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor and thiamazole administration). This patient represents an exceptional case, as overt congestive heart failure with left ventricular dilatation and depressed ventricular ejection fraction is not a common finding in patients with hyperthyroidism, let alone patients with subclinical hyperthyroidism and no underlying heart disease.
 ...
PMID:Reversible dilated cardiomyopathy due to subclinical hyperthyroidism. 2011 48

The most common etiologic cause of thyrotoxicosis in children and adults is autoimmune Graves' (Basedow's) disease. Antithyroid medications, surgery and radioactive iodine have been used in the treatment of Graves' hyperthyroidism for more than six decades. The use of antithyroid drugs is the most common therapeutic approach. However, long-term remission with antithyroid drugs can be expected in 20-50% of adults and 20-30% of children. The methods for definitive treatment of Graves' hyperthyroidism are iodine-131 (radioiodine) and surgery. Both treatment modalities have benefits and risks and the decision is made according to the age, patient preference and the presence of other co-morbidities, individual characteristics of patients and the availability of certain treatment modality. Radioiodine is simple, safe, effective and economic procedure for definitive treatment of Graves' hyperthyroidism. It is administered ambulatory and can be given to the patient in thyrotoxicosis. Due to many benefits, radioiodine is preferred in most of the adult patients with Graves' hyperthyroidism while only small proportion of patients is sent to surgery. Radioiodine is especially the treatment of choice in elderly patients and patients with heart disease. In these patients radioiodine is indicated immediately after reaching euthyroidism with antithyroid drugs. Surgery is mainly indicated in younger patients, in the case of patient preference or in special indications. Clear indications for surgical treatment of Graves' hyperthyroidism are: suspected or confirmed malignancy, coexisting pathology that demands surgical treatment, pregnancy and breastfeeding, large goiter (> 80 grams) or goiter with symptoms and signs of compression, severe toxic side effects of antithyroid medications, requirement for immediate control of disease, age younger than 5 years and active ophtalmopathy. The risk of surgical treatment is negatively correlated with the surgeon's experience and nowadays, total or near-total thyroidectomy is preferred surgical approach. End point of both treatment modalities is usually hypothyroidism that should not be considered as the consequence of treatment. Moreover, due to thyroid hormones replacement therapy equilibrium can be easily achieved.
 ...
PMID:[Radioiodine versus surgery in the treatment of Graves' hyperthyroidism]. 2129 25

Monomorphic ventricular tachycardia (VT) is a unique manifestation of hyperthyroidism. We present the case of a 41-year-old male with a history of hyperthyroidism presenting with palpitations secondary to non-sustained episodes of monomorphic VT. Cardiac arrhythmias due to thyrotoxicosis are perpetually supraventricular in origin. Monomorphic VT in the setting of thyrotoxicosis in the absence of structural heart disease is exceedingly rare. After starting propranolol and increasing the dose of methimazole, the patient had no further episodes of VT. It is important to recognize repetitive monomorphic VT as an understated but important manifestation of thyrotoxicosis. Propranolol is associated with an excellent response in these patients and anti-thyroid medications such as methimazole effectively reverse thyrotoxicity.
 ...
PMID:Repetitive monomorphic ventricular tachycardia as a manifestation of suboptimally treated thyrotoxicosis. 2202 38

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common arrhythmia in clinical practice, with an estimated prevalence of 0.4% to 1% in the general population, increasing with age to 8% in those above 80 years. The recognised risk factors for developing AF include age, structural heart disease, hypertension, diabetes mellitus or hyperthyroidism. However, the mechanisms underlying the initiation of AF in patients below 60 years of age, in whom no cardiovascular disease or any other known causal factor is present, remain to be clarified. This condition, termed as lone AF, may be responsible for as many as 30% of patients with paroxysmal AF seeking medical attention. Recent studies suggest that long-term endurance exercise may increase the incidence of AF and atrial flutter (AFl) in this population. This review article is intended to analyse the prevalence of AF and AFl, the pathophysiological mechanisms responsible for the association between endurance sport practice and AF or AFl and the recommended therapeutic options in endurance athletes.
 ...
PMID:Atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter in athletes. 2309 77

We present a case of a 36-year-old female patient with a long history of persistent palpitations, limited exercise tolerance, and pre-syncope. ECG recordings revealed long lasting episodes of inappropriate sinus tachycardia (IST). IST is characterised by persistent cardiac arrhythmias with sinus P waves in the ECG, and an exaggerated response to a minimal physical effort or stress. Using 24-h Holter definition the average heart rate in patients with IST should be > 90 bpm or daytime heart rate > 100 bpm. The syndrome is associated neither with structural heart disease nor with any reversible causes of sinus tachycardia (i.e. fever, anemia, infection, hyperthyroidism, drug abuse). Therefore the diagnosis is generally one of exclusion. Beta-blockers are most frequently used as first line therapy. Other potentially effective drugs are nondihydropyridine calcium antagonists or ivabradine. The prognosis in patients with IST is very good but in some cases the symptoms can be severe and debilitating.
...
PMID:[Inappropriate sinus tachycardia - ailment or disease?]. 2419 93


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>