Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0018799 (heart disease)
 34,133 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In clinical practice, arteriosclerotic heart disease has not been recognized as a complication of long-term corticosteroid treatment. Yet, an increasing body of evidence suggests that prolonged corticosteroid therapy accelerates the development of atherosclerosis. An important element in this process may be the fact that corticosteroids induce or exacerbate several known coronary risk factors, including hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, and impairment of glucose tolerance. One group of patients that is often exposed to long-term corticosteroid treatment is that with rheumatoid arthritis. These patients have an increased mortality, with cardiovascular disease appearing to be a major contributor to this decreased survival. The weight of evidence relates the development of atherosclerosis to corticosteroid use. However, no long-term epidemiologic or morphologic studies have been performed to elucidate this issue. Until these are accomplished, prolonged therapy with this medication, particularly in younger persons, should be avoided whenever possible.
 ...
PMID:Is atherosclerosis a complication of long-term corticosteroid treatment? 351 40

In a group of 481 men (group A) exposed occupationally to vibration (exceeding by four times the permissible levels in the frequency band 32-64-125 Hz) and noise (105-116 dB), and in a group of 303 men without contact with vibration and noise at work (reference group R) the prevalence of coronary risk factors was assessed. Socioeconomic status, level of occupational physical activity and family history of heart disease were comparable in the two groups. Mean blood pressure values and the percentage with hypertension were significantly higher in the exposed than in the reference group (P less than or equal to 0.01). Overweight and hypertrigliceridemia occurred less frequently in group A than in group R (P less than or equal to 0.01 and P less than or equal to 0.05 respectively). The prevalence of hypercholesterolaemia and smoking habits was similar in both groups. The results suggest that vibration and noise may be factors which increase the risk of coronary heart disease.
 ...
PMID:Coronary risk factors in men occupationally exposed to vibration and noise. 367 35

The National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Md, and the Food and Drug Administration, Washington, DC, sponsored two national probability telephone surveys (N = 4000) of adults to assess attitudes and knowledge about heart disease risk from high blood cholesterol levels and the public's efforts to lower blood cholesterol levels. The first survey was conducted in 1983, before release of the results from the Lipid Research Clinics Coronary Primary Prevention Trial, which showed that a reduction in the blood cholesterol level reduced coronary heart disease; the second survey was conducted in 1986. The percentage of adults who believed that reducing high blood cholesterol levels would have a large effect on heart disease increased from 64% in 1983 to 72% in 1986, so that the importance attached to reducing high blood cholesterol levels approached that attributed to reducing smoking and high blood pressure. In 1983, 35% of adults reported that they had their cholesterol level checked vs 46% in 1986. In both years, diet changes were most frequently chosen (greater than 60%) as ways to control the blood cholesterol level; reducing dietary fat was believed to be as important as reducing dietary cholesterol. By 1986, 23% of adults reported that they made dietary changes specifically to lower their blood cholesterol level, up from 14% in 1983. These comparative data show gains in public awareness and action relating to high blood cholesterol level risk. The data can be used to develop education programs.
 ...
PMID:Change in public perspective on cholesterol and heart disease. Results from two national surveys. 368 56

A hospital-based case-control study was conducted in men under age 55 to evaluate whether vasectomy is associated with a subsequent increase in the incidence of myocardial infarction 10 or more years after surgery and whether an effect is more pronounced in those already predisposed to a myocardial infarction. The men were interviewed during 1980-83 in 78 hospitals in Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, and New York. A standard questionnaire was used to obtain information on history of vasectomy, personal characteristics, medical history, cigarette smoking, coffee and tea consumption, history of drug use, and other factors. In addition, the Framingham Type A Personality Scale questionnaire was administered, in which a higher score indicates a greater tendency to Type A behavior, and the men were asked about leisure time physical activities during the year before admission. After discharge, the diagnosis that led to admission was abstracted from the medical record. The participation rate was 87% among the potential cases and 93% among the potential controls. All cases were interviewed men 20-54 years of age admitted for a 1st episode of myocardial infarction, the diagnosis of which met WHO criteria. Men for whom it was judged that the myocardial infarction could have been caused by preexisting heart disease were excluded. There were 2238 cases: median age, 46 years; 97% white. All controls were interviewed men from the pool of potential controls who were 20-54 years old, had no history of myocardial infarction, and were admitted for diagnoses judged to be unrelated to vasectomy. There were 3361 controls: median age, 42 years; 96% white. Among the 2238 cases, 332 (15%) reported having had a vasectomy, compared with 572 (16%) of 3361 controls. Vasectomy more than 10 years previous was reported by 150 cases and 180 controls to yield a multivariate relative risk estimate of 1.0 after allowance for potential confounding factors; for vasectomy more than 15 years previous, based on 34 cases and 33 controls, the estimate was 1.1. In men predisposed to myocardial infarction because of more advanced age, cigarette smoking, elevated cholesterol level, hyperstension, angina pectoris, or other risk factors, vasectomy did not appear to increase the risk further, even after intervals of more than 10 years. The results offer evidence against an increased risk of myocardial infarction more than 10 years after vasectomy overall and in those known to be predisposed because of other risk factors.
 ...
PMID:The risk of myocardial infarction 10 or more years after vasectomy in men under 55 years of age. 370 75

Out of 329 cases of stroke registered in Benghazi between November 1, 1983 and October 30, 1984, 63 patients comprising 32 males and 31 females belonged to the 15-40-year age group (stroke in the young). The annual age-specific crude incidence of stroke in the young was 39.3 and 40.3 per 100,000 for men and women, respectively. The age-adjusted incidence rate for both sexes for the age-specific (15-40 years) population was 47 per 100,000. The sex-dependent difference in the incidence was not statistically significant. These results emphasize that the high incidence of stroke in the young in Benghazi is not a reflection of the age distribution of the population. Hypertension, diabetes mellitus, heart disease and hypercholesterolemia were important components of high stroke profile in the young. One or more risk factors were identified in 78% of total young stroke victims and in all the patients under the age of 30. Eight young stroke subjects died during the study period.
 ...
PMID:Stroke in the young: incidence and pattern in Benghazi, Libya. 372 19

Recent studies are reviewed to obtain a perspective on the risk of arteriosclerotic heart disease in women using various oral contraceptive formulations and postmenopausal estrogens. The evidence points to an increasing risk of arteriosclerosis in women after age 40 at a rate parallel to that of men. Arteriosclerosis risk is altered by small changes in lipoprotein concentration--in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and in a subfraction of HDL, HDL2. There are indications that oral contraceptives alter LDL, HDL and HDL2 concentrations relative to the potency of their estrogen and progestin components and also to the progestin component's associated androgenic effect, with estrogen producing reputedly favorable changes and progestin, unfavorable ones. The risk of arteriosclerosis and myocardial infarction in young women using oral contraceptive steroids is associated with increasing progestin dose, but in most studies, postmenopausal women experience no change or reduced mortality from all causes, including myocardial infarction, with it related in part to increased HDL cholesterol concentrations. It is wise to screen all women patients for hypercholesterolemia, especially those contemplating the use of oral contraceptives. Oral contraceptive steroids should be used cautiously by women with cardiovascular disease risk factors. Formulations must be selected to minimize their potentially adverse effects on lipoprotein physiology.
 ...
PMID:Arteriosclerosis risk. The roles of oral contraceptives and postmenopausal estrogens. 377 11

The majority of prospective studies have shown no independent effect of triglyceride on the prediction of cardiovascular disease after the effects of cholesterol and other heart disease risk factors have been accounted for statistically. Because the association of borderline elevation of triglyceride levels (250-499 mg/dl) with cardiovascular risk might be obscured by its strong correlation with hypercholesterolemia, we examined the relationship in healthy men without hypercholesterolemia. In a population sample of 1,589 healthy fasting men ages 30-79 without known cardiovascular disease or categorical hypercholesterolemia, the prevalence of borderline hypertriglyceridemia was 4.2%, and was unrelated to age. There was no significant excess of borderline hypertriglyceridemia in men with systolic hypertension, or in men who reported use of antihypertensive drugs, current cigarette smoking, or a family history of heart attack before or after age 50. Only obesity, a personal history of diabetes, and fasting hyperglycemia were significantly more common in men with borderline hypertriglyceridemia. Moreover, hypertriglyceridemia was a relatively weak marker for those with diabetes or obesity, being present in only 9% of the former and 6% of the latter. A 12-year follow-up of these men showed no significant association of hypertriglyceridemia with all-cause or cardiovascular death either by univariate analysis or after adjusting for risk factors. These data support the conclusion that borderline hypertriglyceridemia is a poor marker for cardiovascular risk in healthy older men without hypercholesterolemia.
 ...
PMID:Borderline fasting hypertriglyceridemia: absence of excess risk of all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality in healthy men without hypercholesterolemia. 382 8

In a family in which both parents had the heterozygous form of familial hypercholesterolaemia four of the children had the homozygous form. The three oldest homozygous children, two of whom did not receive any treatment and in one of whom treatment did not lower the plasma cholesterol concentration, developed xanthomas in early childhood and died aged 3, 9, and 10 years. The fourth homozygous child was treated with diet and drugs from the age of 1 and at the age of 15 had no xanthomas, no clinical evidence of heart disease, and a virtually normal coronary angiogram. His plasma cholesterol concentration was reduced by about 30% but remained considerably raised. It is concluded that treatment, if started before atherosclerosis develops, can delay the onset of atheroma and coronary heart disease even though normal plasma cholesterol concentrations are not achieved.
 ...
PMID:Treatment of homozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia: an informative sibship. 393 3

The literature points out the meaning of risk factors causing stroke as well as their therapy or elimination as an effective prevention of cerebrovascular disease. Hypertension increases the risk of apoplexy by 4-fold, with regard to the diastolic values of blood pressure by the 5-fold up to the 10-fold. Consistent hypertension therapy decreases significantly the incidence of cerebral apoplectic attacks. Manifested diabetes mellitus and even reduced glucose tolerance raise the risk of stroke by the 3-fold, even though factors frequently associated with diabetes are taken into consideration. Hyperlipidemia, hypercholesteremia, and hypertriglyceridemia stipulate an increase of stroke incidence by the 2-fold to the 3-fold. Morbidity rate rises if these abnormalities coincide with further risk factors, up to the 6-fold. Nicotine consumption alone increases the risk of cerebral apoplectic attacks in relation to age, by the 3-fold up to the 5-fold. In combination with the use of hormonal contraceptive drugs, the risk of morbidity rate in women rises to the 7-fold. Overweight of more than 30% aggravates twice the risk of stroke. Heart diseases of different kind increase the risk of apoplectic attacks by the 2-fold, in combination with hypertension by the 5-fold. The intake of oral contraceptives (OCs) causes an increase of cerebral thromboembolic attacks by the 3-fold up to the 5-fold, whereby a relation to estrogen content and to hemorheology disturbances is proven. Blood coagulation disturbances, especially hypercoagulability with increase of blood level of fibrinogen, fibrin, and enhanced adhesiveness of thrombocytes in cerebrovascular disease are proven to be valid. By combination of various risk factors apoplexy risk is additionally increased. The possibility of surgical and neurosurgical prophylactic treatment in all stages of cerebral ischemia, caused by occlusive disease of the cartoid, vertebral, and intracranial arteries, exists in 75% of patients. With regard to the longterm results of patients with extraintracranial bypass surgery, due to stenosis or occlusion of the carotid artery in its high cervical or intracranial course, or of the middle cerebral artery, the operated group clearly was better than the nonoperated group in frequency of cerebral ischemia recurrence. The therapeutic effect of inhibitors of thrombocytic aggregates and of anticoagulants for the chemotherapeutic prevention of cerebral ischemia, is proven for acetylsalicylic acid and derivatives of coumarin. Both diminish significantly the rate of cerebral ischemia when compared with placebo-treated control groups.
 ...
PMID:[Prevention of cerebrovascular circulatory disorders]. 404 14

A girl aged 6 years 9 months with severe heart disease secondary to homozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia underwent orthotopic cardiac transplantation and her liver was replaced with the liver of the same donor. In the first 10 weeks after transplantation serum cholesterol fell to 270 mg/dl from preoperative concentrations of more than 1000 mg/dl.
 ...
PMID:Heart-liver transplantation in a patient with familial hypercholesterolaemia. 614 36


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>