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Query: UMLS:C0018799 (heart disease)
 34,133 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Between 1972 and 1992 the death rate in Scotland in young adults aged 15 to 34 from heart disease fell by nearly a half (49%), from cancer by a third (32%) and from respiratory diseases by 45%, with substantial falls in deaths from most other "natural causes". All of this impressive improvement was wiped out, however, by a massive increase in deaths from drug abuse, suicides and undetermined causes as well as the emergence of AIDS. In view of the fact that many deaths due to drug misuse may be attributed instead to the immediate cause, there is an urgent need for a national agency to be set up to investigate all deaths in young adults in order to determine the number in which alcohol or drugs are the underlying cause. This agency would also monitor progress towards attaining Health of the Nation targets relating to suicide.
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PMID:The changing pattern of mortality in young adults aged 15 to 34 in Scotland between 1972 and 1992. 877 72

A retrospective case-control study of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) affecting infants weighing > 2,000 g at birth was performed to determine those factors which could contribute to the development of NEC. Twenty-four infants met the criteria of definite NEC. For each case the next 2 healthy newborns were matched as controls. When compared with the control group, NEC infants had a significantly higher frequency of prolonged rupture of membranes, chorioamnionitis, Apgar score < 7 at 1 and 5 min, respiratory problems, congenital heart disease, hypoglycemia, and exchange transfusions. Only 3 infants with NEC were healthy newborns with an unremarkable perinatal course before NEC. There were no differences in the frequency of preeclampsia, maternal diabetes, maternal drug abuse, meconium-stained amniotic fluid and polycythemia. These results indicate that most of these more mature infants have a predisposing factor before developing NEC.
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PMID:Necrotizing enterocolitis in full-term or near-term infants: risk factors. 916 50

A 52-year-old man with neither congenital heart disease nor history of drug abuse had a spiking fever after dental treatment and was diagnosed with pneumonia at a local clinic. He was treated with antibiotics and his fever went down. Ten months later, he had again pyrexia and suffered from congestive heart failure. He admitted to our hospital and tricuspid valve endocarditis was proved by echocardiography. He was treated with penicillin. However, during the treatment, he developed a pulmonary embolism. So he underwent surgical treatment. We should take dental treatment into account one of predisposing causes of tricuspid endocarditis.
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PMID:Tricuspid valve infectious endocarditis associated with dental treatment. 938 93

Acute myocardial infarction in previously healthy children is rare in the absence of congenital anomalies. We describe two cases of acute anterior myocardial infarction in adolescent males with no congenital heart disease, without prior history of or risk factors for coronary heart disease, and with no history of drug abuse. These cases illustrate that myocardial infarction in the absence of systemic illness or coronary anomalies can occur in an adolescent population.
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PMID:Acute myocardial infarction in two adolescent males. 975 88

The Iowa record-linkage study was developed to investigate death rates in psychiatric patients, and involved computer matching of death certificates with a roster of patients. A list of all patients admitted to our hospital from 1972 through 1981 was obtained and after removing duplicate entries the list was pared to 5412 names. The record included multiple identifiers (e.g., name, gender, date-of-birth, hospital number). This information was then linked by computer with all Iowa death certificates for the same period; a total of 331 deaths were identified. Patients were assigned to a single psychiatric diagnostic category based on a computer program that reviewed each patient's clinical diagnoses and picked the one with the highest priority in a hierarchy we had created. Age and sex adjusted mortality tables were constructed, allowing us to compute expected numbers of deaths. Relative risk for premature death was greatest among women, and those under 20 years. Risk was associated with all psychiatric diagnoses and was significantly higher among patients of either gender with an organic mental disorder or schizophrenia; women with acute schizophrenia, depressive neuroses, alcoholism, drug abuse, and psychophysiological disorders; and men with neuroses. Death from natural causes, especially from heart disease, was significantly excessive among women, while death from accidents and suicides was excessive for both men and women. The overall SMR was 1.65 (P < 0.001). Most importantly, we found that the greatest excess of mortality occurred within the first 2 years following hospital discharge. Thus, we were able to demonstrate that risk of mortality in general, and of suicide specifically, differed according to age, gender, diagnosis, and portion of the follow-up. We have subsequently used this method to investigate specific risk factors associated with mortality in mood disorders, schizophrenia, and antisocial personality disorder. Findings from these studies are reported.
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PMID:Iowa record-linkage study: death rates in psychiatric patients. 985 87

Regional practice-based network research has grown significantly in the past 15 years. Previous studies have reported on characteristics of physicians who participate in network research, but little is known about the specific a priori research interests of practicing physicians. Knowledge of such interests could be useful in planning network research studies. We conducted a mail survey to assess the research interests of primary care physicians in two contiguous research networks at the University of California at San Francisco (UCSF) and at Stanford University. Among 120 respondents from the UCSF Collaborative Research Network and 85 from the Stanford Ambulatory Research Network, the most common topics of interest were disease prevention, communication and compliance, and managed care. Among specific conditions, heart disease, hypertension, and respiratory infection were of interest to the majority of respondents. Topics not of interest to network members were obstetrics, diagnostic procedures, alcoholism, drug abuse, tuberculosis, male genito-urinary problems, occupational hazards, domestic violence, and AIDS and HIV. Identification of network physician research interests can help focus research and recruitment efforts on topics of interest and provide estimates of participation levels for planning studies and preparing funding applications for research networks.
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PMID:Research interests of physicians in two practice-based primary care research networks. 992 31

A report of a study to analyze the effect of sociocultural patient characteristics (age, terminal diseases, drug abuse, alcoholism, mental retardation, dementia, suicide attempts, institutionalization, noncompliance with medical regimens, violent crimes, lack of support system, or relationship to a staff physician) on decisions to initiate or withhold cardiopulmonary resuscitation in an emergency situation. Pairs of vignettes were presented to residents in internal medicine and graduate students in an MBA program for comparisons of physicians' decisions with administrators' decisions. On some patient characteristics there were significant differences between the two groups. For most factors (drug abuse, multiple suicide attempts, age, violent crime, lack of known support systems, and relationship to staff), doctors are more likely to initiate CPR than are business students representing health care administrators. In chronic, long-term situations (carcinoma or heart disease, dementia, mental retardation, and institutionalization), the doctors are less likely to initiate CPR than the business students. If objectivity is a goal in deciding whether or not to initiate CPR, physicians should be aware of differences between their opinions and others'.
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PMID:Values and CPR decisions: a comparison of physicians and administrators in training. 1027 38

A case is reported of isolated native tricuspid calve Candida parapsilosis endocarditis (INTVCE) in a male patient with no history of drug abuse or heart disease. The patient had received hyperalimentation and antibiotics for four months via a central venous catheter after abdominal surgery. He underwent successful treatment with tricuspid valve debridement, liposomal amphotericin (AmBisome) and fluconazole, and remained without relapse during an eight-year follow up. A literature review of 12 similar cases (including the present patient) without history of drug abuse or heart disease, dating from 1970, is included.
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PMID:Isolated native tricuspid valve Candida endocarditis in a non-drug-addicted patient: case report and review of the literature. 1456 21

This paper investigates comorbidity between chronic back and neck pain and other physical and mental disorders in the US population, and assesses the contributions of chronic spinal pain and comorbid conditions to role disability. A probability sample of US adults (n=5692) was interviewed. Chronic spinal pain, other chronic pain conditions and selected chronic physical conditions were ascertained by self-report. Mood, anxiety and substance use disorders were ascertained with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI). Role disability was assessed with questions about days out of role and with impaired role functioning. The 1 year prevalence of chronic spinal pain was 19.0%. The vast majority (87.1%) of people with chronic spinal pain reported at least one other comorbid condition, including other chronic pain conditions (68.6%), chronic physical conditions (55.3%), and mental disorders (35.0%). Anxiety disorders showed as strong an association with chronic spinal pain as did mood disorders. Common conditions not significantly comorbid with chronic spinal pain were diabetes, heart disease, cancer, and drug abuse. Chronic spinal pain was significantly associated with role disability after controlling for demographic variables and for comorbidities. However, comorbid conditions explained about one-third of the gross association of chronic spinal pain with role disability. We conclude that chronic spinal pain is highly comorbid with other pain conditions, chronic diseases, and mental disorders, and that comorbidity plays a significant role in role disability associated with chronic spinal pain. The societal burdens of chronic spinal pain need to be understood and managed within the context of comorbid conditions.
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PMID:Chronic spinal pain and physical-mental comorbidity in the United States: results from the national comorbidity survey replication. 1566 41

Alcohol dependence and alcohol abuse or harmful use cause substantial morbidity and mortality. Alcohol-use disorders are associated with depressive episodes, severe anxiety, insomnia, suicide, and abuse of other drugs. Continued heavy alcohol use also shortens the onset of heart disease, stroke, cancers, and liver cirrhosis, by affecting the cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, and immune systems. Heavy drinking can also cause mild anterograde amnesias, temporary cognitive deficits, sleep problems, and peripheral neuropathy; cause gastrointestinal problems; decrease bone density and production of blood cells; and cause fetal alcohol syndrome. Alcohol-use disorders complicate assessment and treatment of other medical and psychiatric problems. Standard criteria for alcohol dependence-the more severe disorder-can be used to reliably identify people for whom drinking causes major physiological consequences and persistent impairment of quality of life and ability to function. Clinicians should routinely screen for alcohol disorders, using clinical interviews, questionnaires, blood tests, or a combination of these methods. Causes include environmental factors and specific genes that affect the risk of alcohol-use disorders, including genes for enzymes that metabolise alcohol, such as alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase; those associated with disinhibition; and those that confer a low sensitivity to alcohol. Treatment can include motivational interviewing to help people to evaluate their situations, brief interventions to facilitate more healthy behaviours, detoxification to address withdrawal symptoms, cognitive-behavioural therapies to avoid relapses, and judicious use of drugs to diminish cravings or discourage relapses.
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PMID:Alcohol-use disorders. 1941 Jul 5


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