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Query: UMLS:C0018799 (heart disease)
 34,133 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A sample of people aged 65 and over were interviewed at home and asked a series of questions aimed at identifying episodes of possible transient neurological dysfunction. During follow-up of respondents initially free from manifest cerebrovascular disease, no relationship was found between subsequent stroke and reported episodes of diplopia, transient numbness or weakness, non-rotatory dizziness or blackouts. There was an association of stroke with reported blurring or dimming of vision, statistically significant only for the sexes combined (relative incidence ratio 1.5), and a consistently increased risk in men and women reporting rotatory vertigo (relative incidence ratio 2.5). This relationship remained significant when adjusted for the association of rotatory vertigo with ECG evidence of heart disease. Thus rotatory vertigo is a risk factor for stroke but non-rotatory dizziness is not. Conversely a previous study of falling in the same population sample had shown an association with rotatory vertigo but not with non-rotatory dizziness.
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PMID:Transient neurological dysfunction and risk of stroke in an elderly English population: the different significance of vertigo and non-rotatory dizziness. 231 24

In 2793 respondents aged 65 and over in a survey of a geographically defined community, who were asked about falls in the preceding twelve months, the estimated annual prevalence rate (persons) of falls was 28.0%. Standardized for age, the rate was twice as high in women as in men. Rates increased with age but more steeply in men than in women. Compared with non-fallers, fallers had been in more recent contact with their general practitioner, showed higher prevalence of problems with mobility and daily living, a more frequent history of stroke and heart disease, and had more episodes of non-rotatory vertigo, double vision, faints and blackouts and episodes of weakness or numbness. Fallers also showed more frequent evidence suggestive of cognitive impairment. More fallers than non-fallers were taking diuretics and tranquilizers and these associations merit further study.
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PMID:Factors associated with falls in the elderly: a community study. 727 Mar 21

Clinical characteristics of ten patients with Friedreich's disease are presented. Two cases were members of the same family, another patient had a brother with the disease, and in two cases there was consanguinity. The dominant inheritance pattern was absent in all cases. Initial symptoms and clinical signs were present under 5 years of age in six cases, and in three of them under 2 years of age. As reported in other series, in our cases the disorder first appeared in the legs. Other early manifestations included skeletal deformities and dysarthria, as well as diplopia, paresthesias and dizziness. Friedreich's ataxia results from pyramidal tract degeneration and changes in the cerebellum. Babinski sign was present in nine patients. Other findings were: muscular weakness, distal amyotrophy and distal dystonia. Two patients suffered epileptic attacks with typical EEG pattern. Kyphoscoliosis and pes cavum were constant skeletal deformities. ECG revealed signs of myocardial ischemis in nine patients, although none of them had symptomatology of heart disease. Glucose tolerance test carried out in three cases showed diabetic curves. Results of nerve speed conduction were as follows: normal in one case; decreased sensitive speed conduction in four cases, and decrease of both sensitive and motor speed conduction in other four cases. EMG showed signs of chronic denervation in three cases. These results coincide with those published by other authors.
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PMID:[Friedreich's disease. Clinical study of ten cases (author's transl)]. 737 33

Stroke is the second most common cause of death worldwide, exceeded only by heart disease. Epidemiologic studies have greatly enhanced our understanding of the factors that increase stroke risk. There have also been many recent developments in the understanding of the various etiologies of stroke as well as specific new treatments. The characteristic sudden onset and rapid tissue damage make stroke particularly challenging to treat. The most promising therapy for acute ischemic stroke is the use of a thrombolytic agent. This has been the focus of recent large trials and remains a challenging treatment for cerebral ischemic stroke as well as for retinal artery occlusion. Because neuro-ophthalmic symptoms and signs such as vision loss and diplopia are common in patients with stroke, patients are often seen by ophthalmologists prior to their primary care physicians or neurologists. The ophthalmologist should be aware of some of the new diagnostic and therapeutic issues in the management of patients with acute ischemic stroke. This review emphasizes some of the controversial topics published during the past few years.
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PMID:Update on ischemic stroke. 1114 32

Idiopathic giant cell myocarditis is a rare and frequently fatal inflammatory heart disease which leads to congestive heart failure or ventricular arrhythmias. It is often associated with other autoimmune disorders. We report a 39-year-old woman who first presented with diplopia and painful eye movements, the typical clinical picture of orbital myositis. Shortly afterwards, she developed rapidly progressive congestive heart failure due to giant cell myocarditis, which took a fatal course within some weeks. Autopsy confirmed both disorders. This case report underlines the importance of early and repeated monitoring of cardiac function, if orbital myositis is suspected, in order to consider cardiac transplantation, the only efficacious treatment of giant cell myocarditis, in time.
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PMID:[Diplopia and cardiogenic shock]. 1590 79

The diagnosis of mitochondrial myopathy depends upon a constellation of findings, family history, type of muscle involvement, specific laboratory abnormalities, and the results of histological, pathobiochemical and genetic analysis. In the present paper, the authors describe the diagnostic approach to mitochondrial myopathies manifesting as extraocular muscle disease. The most common ocular manifestation of mitochondrial myopathy is progressive external ophthalmoplegia (PEO). To exclude myasthenia gravis, ocular myositis, thyroid associated orbitopathy, oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy, and congenital fibrosis of the extraocular muscles in patients with an early onset or long-lasting very slowly progressive ptosis and external ophthalmoplegia, almost without any diplopia, and normal to mildly elevated serum creatine kinase and lactate, electromyography, nerve conduction studies and MRI of the orbits should be performed. A PEO phenotype forces one to look comprehensively for other multisystemic mitochondrial features (e.g., exercise induced weakness, encephalopathy, polyneuropathy, diabetes, heart disease). Thereafter, and presently even in familiar PEO, a diagnostic muscle biopsy should be taken. Histological and ultrastructural hallmarks are mitochondrial proliferations and structural abnormalities, lipid storage, ragged-red fibers, or cytochrome-C negative myofibers. In addition, Southern blotting may reveal the common deletion, or molecular analysis may verify specific mutations of distinct mitochondrial or nuclear genes.
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PMID:Extraocular mitochondrial myopathies and their differential diagnoses. 1676 Jan 17